五种野生稻叶绿体DNA多态性研究

对野生稻 5个种的18个材料的叶绿体DNA(cpDNA)进行了EcoRI的RFLP分析。 结果显示,共有10种酶切模式,不同种野生稻的cpDNA的RFLP类型都不同,而且在其中一些 种内也有变化,尤以O.rufipogon的种内多态性最为显著,并主要与地理来源有关。本研究还在O.punctata的材料中发现一种以往的分析都不曾描述过的多态性模式。通过对结果的分析,探讨了不同种类野生稻的叶绿体基因组之间以及它们与核基因组之间的进化关系。 Abstract:The polymorphisms of chloroplast DNA from 18 materials of 5 wild rice species were investigated using RFLP analysis.10 restriction patterns were obtained from the analysis of these materials.Different species had different of its RFLP patterns chloroplast DNA,and the polymorphisms existed even with species,especially in O.rufipogon varieties of different geographical origins.In O.punctata a new type of rice chloroplast DNA restriction pattern was discovered which had not been reported before.According to the results obtained,the evolutionary relationships among chlorplast genomes,and between chloroplast and nuclear genomes in different wild rice are discussed.     

懒猴属的核糖体DNA变异及其种间分化关系

用１５种限制性内切酶和人２８Ｓ、１８ＳｒＤＮＡ探针构建了懒猴属各物种核糖体ＤＮＡ重复单位的限制性内切酶图谱。在进化速率较高的非转录间隔区,在大、中、小懒猴中分别定位了２３、２４、２４个酶切位点。大懒猴与中懒猴有１２个位点不同,与小懒猴有１４个位点不同,而中、小懒猴间则只有一个位点的差异。经过计算,大懒猴与中懒猴的遗传距离值为１２．６５％,与小懒猴的差异为１４．２４％,中、小懒猴间的差异则仅为０．７     

AFLP─一种DNA分子标记新技术

AFLP──ANovelTechniqueforDNAMolecularMarkerWengYuejin(InstituteofCropGermplasmResourees,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Beijing100081)公司科学家ZabeauMarc和VosPieter发明创建的一种DNA分子标记新技术,它不仅具备了其它DNA分子标记技术所具有的特点,多态性丰富,共显性表达,不受环境影响,无复等位效应,而且还具有带组丰富,用样量少,灵敏度高,快速高效等特殊优点．一个0．5mgDNA样品,可做4000个反应,获得8万个标记,650万条带纹。美国加利福尼亚大学MackillDavid[7]利用14份水稻为材料,比较AF…     

分子生物学研究的好材料──大肠杆菌（下）（分裂繁殖和染色体复制）

由于大肠杆菌生长迅速,操作方便,使之成为分子生物学研究的好材料。大肠杆菌的分裂、复制、基因表达及调控、遗传重组等已研究得十分清楚,并已成为原核生物的模式。本文简要介绍大肠杆菌的分裂繁殖,染色体ＤＮＡ的双向复制及染色体复制与细胞分裂的关系。     

德巴利汉逊酵母的两个变种及其相关种的脉冲电泳核型比较分析

摘要:用CHEF(钳位均匀电场)脉冲电泳系统分析了德巴利汉逊酵母的两个变种及两个相关种的脉冲电泳核型。对每个分类群的染色体条数,染色体DNA的分子量大小范围及整个基因组大小作出了估算,结果如下:Debaryomyces hansenii(Zopf) Lodder et Kreger-van Rij var. hansenii具有6-7条染色体,分子量范围为1.2-2.6(个别3.5)Mb,整个基因组大小为I 0.6-14.9Mb;D. hansenii var. fabryi (Ota) Nakase et Suzuki具有7条染色体,分子量范围为0.7-2.4M b,整个基因组大小为12.0-12.7Mb;D. nepalensis Goto et Sugiyama具有6-8条染色体,分子量范围为(个别0.2)1.1-2.7Mb,整个基因组大小为10.6-11.0Mb;Candida saitoana Nakase et Suzuki具有10-11条染色体,分子量范围为0.6-3.6Mb,整个基因组大小为18.1-18.9Mb.本研究表明C. saitoana与上述德巴利酵母属的三个分类群在脉冲电泳核型上具有明显差异,而后三者之间在染色体DNA带型上却没有发现有价值的区别之处.     

Chromosomal localization of ribosomal DNA sequences in an apple rootstock using a digoxygenin detection system

A 6kb rDNA probe comprising the 18S coding plus spacer sequences has been hybridized to the metaphase chromosomes of apple rootstock cultivar MM106 demonstrating the localization of ribosomal gene arrays in the vicinity of the telomeric regions of the short arms of chromosomes 6 and 14.The in situ results using digoxygenin labelling coupled to an alkaline phosphatase immunoassay were confirmed by silver staining for NORs and nucleoli.This study demonstrates the feasibility of molecular cytogenetic analysis of very small chromosomes(1.0-2.7μm） of apple.     

Affinity chromatography—dependent selection （ACDS） of genomic DNA fragments bound specifically to bacterial synthesized Myc／Myn proteins

This paper describes an approach to seek for mouse c-Myc/Myn proteins-bound specific sequences among genomic DNA.cDNA fragment of myn gene was obtained through RT-PCR technique from RNA of NIH3T3 cells.DNA fragments encoding BR/HLH/LZ structure of Myc and Myn proteins were cloned in frame into pGEX-2T vector respectively.Fusion GST-Myc and GST-Myn synthesized in E.coli hosts showed affinity to CACGTG E-box DNA and subsequently interacted with genomic fragments prepared through whole-genome-PCR.A PCR-assisted procedure which combines protein-DNA interaction and affinity chromatography was designed to enrich Myc/Myn bound DNA.At least two genomic DNA fragments obtained exhibit specifical binding capacity to Myc/Myn complex but not to GST alone.Significance of the work and of the technique itself as well asidentification of the DNAs are discussed.     

非洲紫罗兰叶片脱分化过程中核酸蛋白质和滨粉含量动态的研究

本文测定了非洲紫罗兰（Ｓａｉｎｔｐａｕｌｔａｉｏｎａｎｔｈａ）叶片脱分化过程中核酸、蛋白质和波粉的含量。结果表明：发生脱分化的叶片中的蛋白质和淀粉含量均低于对照,而ＲＮＡ含量则高于对照,ＤＮＡ含量无明显差异。叶片培养的第一天内,发生脱分化的叶片中的蛋白质含量明显下降,对照中的蛋白质含量上升。脱分化过程中,淀粉含量有一个上升、下降、再上升的变化过程,对照中淀粉含量一直上升。     

酪氨酸羟化酶基因载体－pCMVTH 质粒的构建及在大鼠骨骼肌内的表达

为用转基因方法治疗巴金森氏病大鼠模型,本研究采用分子克隆技术,将合成多巴胺的关键酶－酪氨酸羟化酶（ＴＨ）的基因,克隆进入以巨细胞病毒ＣＭＶ为启动子的载体质粒内,经限制性内切酶定位分析证实该重组的ＤＮＡ质粒的可靠性。携带ＴＨ基因的ＰＣＭＶＴＨ质粒以ＬＩＰＯ－ＦＥＣＴＩＮ介导,在培养的原代骨骼肌细胞中高效表达。本研究为进一步用转基因的细胞植入脑内以治疗巴金森氏病打下一定基础。