26S rDNA单链构象多态性分析在临床酵母菌菌种鉴定中的应用

摘要： 【目的】探讨酵母菌临床分离株26S rDNA D1/D2区序列种内相似性和种间差异性的快速检测方法,为临床酵母菌菌种鉴定方法的改进奠定基础。调查北京地区临床酵母菌的种群多样性,为国内酵母菌感染的流行病学研究提供新的基础数据。【方法】用5种常见临床酵母菌种的模式和权威菌株作为标准参考菌株,从北京四家综合性医院收集临床酵母菌260余株,PCR扩增其26S rDNA D1/D2区,对扩增产物进行单链构象多态性（Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism,SSCP）分析和序列测定分析。【结果】常见病原酵母菌26S rDNA D1/D2区的SSCP图谱具有明显的种间差异性和种内相似性,可以通过该方法对菌株进行初步的菌种鉴定。D1/D2-SSCP和序列分析相结合,对260余株临床酵母菌进行了菌种鉴定,共鉴定有10个属20个种,优势属为念珠菌属(Candida),优势种及其所占比例分别是：C. albicans (57.7%), C. parapsilosis (10.0%), C. tropicalis (9.2%), C. glabrata (6.7%)和C. krusei (5.8%),并发现过去从未或很少报道致病的酵母菌种,愈来愈多地出现在临床分离菌株中。【结论】 26S rDNA D1/D2区的SSCP图谱分析为临床酵母菌株的快速鉴定提供了新的方法;北京地区酵母菌临床分离株呈种群多样性分布,C. albicans虽然仍占优势,但其它念珠菌种的比例已达42%。     

Significant Deviations in the Configurations of Homologous Tandem Repeats in Prokaryotic Genomes

We explored the possibilities of whole-genome duplication (WGD) in prokaryotic species,where we performed statistical analyses of the configurations of the central angles between homologous tandem repeats (TRs) on the circular chromosomes.At first,we detected TRs on their chromosomes and identified equivalent tandem repeat pairs (ETRPs); here,an ETRP is defined as a pair of tandem repeats sequentially similar to each other.Then we carried out statistical analyses of the central angle distributions of the de...     

干旱胁迫条件下小麦旗叶酶活性和丙二醛含量的染色体定位

以中国春-Synthetic 6x小麦染色体代换系及其亲本为材料,在不同生育时期对其旗叶SOD、POD活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量进行测定.结果表明,在干旱胁迫下,2B和7D代换系叶片的SOD活性及其相对活性在孕穗期、开花期和灌浆期始终显著或极显著高于中国春;1A、2A和2D代换系叶片POD活性及其相对活性始终显著或极显著高于中国春;而7A、1D和7D代换系叶片的MDA含量及其相对MDA含量始终显著或极显著低于中国春.由此表明,Synthetic 6x的2B和7D染色体上可能存在干旱胁迫下诱导SOD活性增强的有利基因;1A、2A和2D染色体上可能存在诱导POD活性增强的有利基因;7A、1D和7D染色体上可能存在抑制MDA含量增高的基因.     

Identification of aberrant cell cycle regulation in Epstein-Barr virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma by cDNA microarray and gene set enrichment analysis

Previous studies have revealed that Epstein-Barr virus （EBV） was closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC）. This study aimed to characterize the global pathways affected in the EBV-associated NPC. Combined with microdissection, gene expression profries in 22 NPCs and 10 non-tumor nasopharyngeal epithelial （NPE） tissue samples were analyzed. All NPC specimens served in the microarray analysis were positive for EBV, as judged by identification of the expression of EBV nuclear antigen 1 （EBNA1）. Through gene set enrichment analysis （GSEA）, we found that cell cycle pathway was the most disregulated pathway in NPC （P = 0.000, false discovery rate q-value = 0.007）, which included some aberrant expressed components. We first found that overexpression of CDK4, cyclin D1, and Rb proteins, and loss of expression of proteins p16, p27, and p19 were statistically significant in NPC tissues compared with non-cancerous NPE （P〈 0.05） by real-time RT- PCR and tissue microarray. EBV-encoded small RNA-1 （EBER-1） hybridization signals in the NPC showed significant associations with the overexpression of Rb （P = 0.000）, cyclin D1 （P = 0.000）, CDK4 （P = 0.000）, and the loss of expression of p16 proteins （P = 0.039）. In the final logistic regression analysis model, EBER-1 and abnormal expression of p16, Rb, cyclin D1, and E2F6 were inde- pendent contributions to nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis. Through survival analysis, only cyclin D1 could predict the prognosis of NPC patients. These results suggested that cell cycle pathway was the most disregulated pathway in the EBV-associated NPC, and EBER-1 was closely associated with p16, CDK4, cyclin D1, and Rb. cyclin D1 could be the prognosis biomarker for NPC.     

浅析基因位置的判定

通过对高中生物的学习我们知道,真核生物的基因既存在于细胞核中,也存在于细胞质中,既有位于常染色体上的也有位于性染色体上的。既有存在于性染色体XY同源区段的,也有位于非同源区段的,那么如何判断控制某个性状的基因存在的准确位置呢？笔者对此进行了初步思考和总结。     

帽儿山天然次生林10种主要阔叶树冠径与胸径关系研究

根据帽儿山天然次生林30块标准地每木检尺的实测数据,建立帽儿山天然次生林10种主要阔叶树冠径与胸径以及胸径和冠径与胸径比值（cd/D）之间的关系,并且简要论述冠径与胸径比值在树木空间、断面积和林分密度和间伐强度的应用。研究表明：胸径在10~30 cm之间,相关系数（R²）在0.8以上时,冠径与胸径关系近似一条直线。通过对不同树种的不同大小树木(cd/D)比值的分析,得出随着胸径的增加的比值是逐渐减小的,并且减小的趋势随着胸径的增加趋于平稳,最后趋于一个常数。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定儿童血清中视黄醇、25-OH-维生素D3和α-生育酚浓度

目的:建立能同时测定儿童血清中视黄醇、25-OH-维生素D3和a-生育酚的高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)法.方法:以无水乙醇沉淀蛋白质后,血清中的脂溶性维生素用正己烷提取,吹氮气浓缩后用HPLC测定.结果:视黄醇、25-OH-维生素D3和a-生育酚的线性范围分别为0.015-500μg/mL、0.012-500μg/mL和0.1-500 μg/mL;检出限分别为0.015μg/mL、0.012μg/mL和0.1μg/mL;相对标准偏差分别为0.98%、2.09%和4.63%.三种脂溶性维生素各个浓度的提取回收率均大于80%,方法回收率均大于90%.结论:本法简便快速,适于血清样品中视黄醇、25-OH-维生素D3和a-生育酚三种脂溶性维生素的同时测定.     

Constructing an initial map of transmission distortion based on high density HapMap SNPs across the human autosomes

Transmission distortion （TD） is a significant departure from Mendelian predictions of genes or chromosomes to offspring. While many biological processes have been implicated, there is still much to be understood about TD in humans. Here we present our findings from a genome-wide scan for evidence of TD using haplotype data of 60 trio families from the International HapMap Project. Fisher＇s exact test was applied to assess the extent of TD in 629,958 SNPs across the autosomes. Based on the empirical distribution of PFisher and further permutation tests, we identified 1,205 outlier loci and 224 candidate genes with TD. Using the PANTHER gene ontology database, we found 19 categories of biological processes with an enrichment of candidate genes. In particular, the “protein phosphorylation” category contained the largest number of candidates in both HapMap samples. Further analysis uncovered an intriguing non-synonymous change in PPPIR12B, a gene related to protein phosphorylation, which appears to influence the allele transmission from male parents in the YRI （Yoruba from Ibadan, Nigeria） population. Our findings also indicate an ethnicity-related property of TD signatures in HapMap samples and provide new clues for our understanding of TD in humans.     

鉴别精神疾病相关的新型基因组疾病特征

高分辨率的比较基因组杂交技术（CGH）已迅速成为分子细胞遗传学检测所选择的一种方法,并被用来鉴别与精神发育迟滞、癌症和其它复杂表型相关的染色体异常的特征。在《医学遗传学杂志》最近公布的两项研究中,高分辨率的NimbleGen CGH芯片被用来进一步鉴别近期识别出的两种基因组疾病的特征。     

Mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 of Nosema bombycis： A marker in Microsporidian evolution

Microsporidia are a group of intracelluar eukaryotic parasites, which can infected almost all animals, including human beings. Till now, no mitochodria but mitosome, a remnant of mitochondria was discovered in this phylum. We present here the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase El （PDH, including PDHα and PDHβ） of the microsporidian Nosema bombycis, the pathogen of silkworm pebrine. Compared with PDH of microsporidian Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Antonospora locustae, both subunits are eonscrced. The phylogeny indicated that both subunits are mitochondrial. The syntenic maps revealed the subunits organization of NbPDH is distributed in different scaffolds, similar to that of EcPDH but different with AIPDH, and the relationship between phylogeny tree and organization of PDH suggest that the AlPDH subunits organization is the ancestral style of microsporidia, and through the genome evolution, the reshuffling of the chromosome of microsporidia occurred, the adjacent style of ALPDHE1 organization changed, and the two subunits separated and located to different chromosomes in E. cuniculi. For N. bombycis and N. ceranae, they locate to different scaffolds. In order to determine NbPDH subcellular localizations, we prepared the polyclonal antibodies against NbPDH prokaryotic fusion proteins, and adopted the colloidal gold immunological electron microscopy, the expression signals of NbPDH were observed in spores however, the subcellular localization were not definited. In general, through comparison of three mierosporidian PDH molecular phylogeny, subunits organization in chromosomes, localization indicated that PDH is an interesting marker in microsporidia evolution