A new species of gravel-dwelling loach (Ostariophysi: Nemacheilidae) from the Nepalese Himalayan foothills

Turcinoemacheilus himalaya, new species, is described from the Koshi and Gandaki River basins of Nepal. The new species is distinguished from its hypothesised congener, Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi, from the Euphrates, Tigris and Karoun basins of the Middle East, by the presence of small scales on the posterior half of its body (v. absence of all scales), its shorter caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle length 12-15% standard length, L(S) v. 16-23), its shorter snout (snout length 28-36% head length, L(H) v. 40-49) and by features of its colour pattern, including the presence of small irregularly shaped dark grey markings over the lateral body surface. Turcinoemacheilus himalaya is known to date only from Nepal.     

中国鲃亚科金线鲃属鱼类一新种及其生态和适应(鲤形目:鲤科)

1999年 11月在广西都安县下坳乡一岩洞地下水中采到 1尾鱼类标本 ,经鉴定为金线属一新种。新种与大鳞金线S .macrolepis和陆良金线S .macroscalus相近。但新种在背腹鳍相对位置以及背鳍末根不分枝鳍条后缘具锯齿等方面与上述两种存在明显差异 ;特别是该新种仅局限分布于洞穴中 ,就其生境来说也与上述两种更为不同。此外 ,新种头长与吻长和头长与眼径的比例是目前该属内已知最小的 ,眼明显偏大 ,反映出其对弱光生境条件的适应。     

陕西省高原鳅一新种(鲤形目,爬鳅科)

描述了爬鳅科、条鳅亚科鱼类1新种,该种分布于陕西省西乡县大河镇楼房村通江上游的巴水河,隶属嘉陵江水系.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Metzia longinasus</Emphasis>, a new cyprinid species (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from the Pearl River drainage in Guangxi Province,South China

Metzia longinasus, a new cultrine cyprinid species from the Hongshui-He River of the Pearl River drainage in Guangxi Province, southern China, is described here. It can be distinguished from all other congeners by having a combination of the following characters: a superior mouth, 43 or 44 lateral-line scales, a long head (length 27.2–30.8% of standard length), a long snout (length 31.7–37.0% of head length), 10 or 11 branched anal-fin rays, and no longitudinal black band extending along each side of body from the extremity of the gill opening to caudal-fin base.     

Ontogeny and homology of the claustra in otophysan Ostariophysi (Teleostei)

We studied the ontogeny of the claustrum comparatively in representatives of all otophysan subgroups. The claustrum of cypriniforms has a cartilaginous precursor, the claustral cartilage, which subsequently ossifies perichondrally at its anterior face and develops an extensive lamina of membrane bone. The membrane bone component of the claustrum and its close association with the atrium sinus imparis, a perilymphatic space of the Weberian apparatus, are both synapomorphies of cypriniforms. The characiform claustrum is not preformed in cartilage and originates as a membrane bone ossification, a putative synapomorphy of that taxon. Among siluriforms, the claustrum is present only in more basal groups and originates as an elongate cartilage that ossifies in a characteristic ventrodorsal direction, possibly a synapomorphy of catfishes. Gymnotiforms lack the claustral cartilage and claustrum. We review all previous hypothesis of claustrum homology in light of the above findings and conclude that the most plausible hypothesis is the one originally proposed by Bloch ([1900] Jen Z Naturw 34:1-64) that claustra are homologs of the supradorsals of the first vertebra.     

Balitora eddsi,a new species of hillstream loach (Ostariophysi: Balitoridae) from Nepal

A new species of hillstream loach Balitora eddsi is described from the Karnali River drainage in south‐western Nepal. The new species is distinguished from all its congeners by possessing the following combination of characters: six to seven unbranched pectoral‐fin rays, pelvic‐fin length 12–14% standard length (L_S), dorsal surface without circular or irregular shaped dark blotches, snout pointed, median lobe between anterior rostral barbels pointed posteriorly, dorsal‐fin origin posterior to pelvic‐fin origin, lateral line scales 66–67, caudal peduncle length 22–23·2% L_S, caudal peduncle depth 4·1–4·2 times its length.     

中国广西金线(鱼巴)属盲鱼一新种及其生境(鲤科，(鱼巴)亚科)

2002年8月28日在广西田林县平山乡一洞穴地下河中采到1尾鱼类标本,经鉴定为鲤科(鱼巴)亚科金线属(鱼巴)鱼类1新种,定名为田林金线(鱼巴)Sinocyclocheilus tianlinensis sp. nov..鉴别特征:眼退化;吻突出,呈鸭嘴状;头后部急剧隆起,形成一向前不分叉的额骨;新鲜标本体半透明.新种与白斑金线(鱼巴)S.albeoguttatus、鸭嘴金线(鱼巴)S.anatirostris、无眼金线(鱼巴)S. anophthalmus和透明金线(鱼巴)S.hyalinus较相近,而与其他已知种不同.模式标本保存中国科学院动物研究所.     

云南怒江高原鳅属鱼类一新种记述

2000年7月和2004年7月,分别在云南省怒江傈僳族自治州和保山市怒江干流采集到一批高原鳅标本。经鉴定,为高原鳅属Triplophysa一未经发表的新种。新种怒江高原鳅Triplophysa(Triplophysa)nujiangensa sp．nov．在形态特征和食性方面与唐古拉高原鳅、斯氏高原鳅、粗唇高原鳅和细尾高原鳅较为相似。本新种身体相对短圆,头部近圆筒形,吻端钝圆,颊部正常,吻部在鼻孔之前明显向下倾斜,下颌铲状,边缘锐利而水平,上唇缘无突起,下唇中央中断,后部无突起,眼间隔稍隆起,眼问距为尾柄高0．6～0．8倍,第一鳃弓内侧鳃耙10～19,肠绕折3个环,前背长为体长71．1％～77．2％,体长为头长4．6．5．5倍,偶鳍短圆,背鳍分枝鳍条8根,胸鳍分枝鳍条10～11根,腹鳍末端不达肛门,尾鳍高度向尾鳍方向不明显降低,尾柄起点处的宽小于该处的高,尾柄长为尾柄高1．6～2．8倍,胸鳍长为胸腹鳍起点间距47．5％～63．5％,尾鳍内凹。本文列出了中国高原鳅属5种铲状下颌种类的检索表,本新种可藉之与这些相似种相区别。     

Ontogeny and homology of the neural complex of otophysan Ostariophysi

The development and homology of the neural complex in the ostariophysan subgroup Otophysi were studied, including for the first time representatives of all four major otophysan lineages. Previous hypotheses concerning the homology of the different elements of the neural complex have also been reviewed and these are discussed in light of our new findings. We found that supradorsal cartilages, paired autogenous elements at the medial side of the neural arches, play a previously unrecognized major role during the ontogeny and evolution of the neural complex. In most otophysan taxa, supradorsals 3 and 4 fuse with supraneurals 2 and 3 (cypriniforms) or supraneural 3 (characiforms, some siluriforms, gymnotiforms) during ontogeny to form the neural complex. In the majority of siluriforms, the neural complex is exclusively formed by supradorsals 3 and 4. In loricarioid siluriforms, a neural complex is missing, the fourth neural arch fuses to the occiput in development, and the first free vertebra is the fifth. Of the four otophysan subgroups, siluriforms are the most and cypriniforms the least diverse in the structure and development of their neural complex.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 147 , 301–330.     

广西盲鱼一新种及其系统关系分析(鲤形目:鲤科:鲃亚科)

经鉴定,采自广西天峨县溶洞的盲鱼为金线鲃属一新种,依形态特征命名为叉背金线Ｓｉｎｏｃｙｌｏｃｈｅｉｌｕｓ　ｆｕｒｃｏｄｏｒｓａｌｉｓ　ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．,根据主要特征分析认为：新种适应洞穴环境相关性状特化程度大致与鸭嘴金线鲃相当;新种及其若干近似种的物种形成,是营半穴居生活的类似长须金线鲃的祖先适应辐射的结果。