不同水分处理对狗牙根种内相互作用的影响

以狗牙根当年生扦插苗为试验材料,根据库区河岸带水分特征设置4种水分处理方式:水分对照组(CK)、水淹与干旱交替组(FD)、土壤水分饱和组(LF)和全淹组(FL),4种密度方式:对照(1株/盆)、低密度(2株/盆)、中密度(4株/盆)及高密度(12株/盆),探究狗牙根生长及形态响应,并验证胁迫梯度假说。结果表明:(1)狗牙根各生物量随水分胁迫强度的增加显著下降(P0.001);密度处理和二者交互作用显著影响狗牙根叶干重、茎干重、根干重、地上生物量和总生物量(P0.001)。(2)水分处理显著影响狗牙根各形态指标(P0.001);密度和二者交互作用显著影响狗牙根分枝数、总茎长和节间长(P0.001)。(3)CK组和LF组狗牙根生物量相对邻体效应(RNE)均为负值,表明其种内关系为竞争关系。FL组各密度组生物量RNE值均为正值,其种内关系转化为促进关系。(4)中高密度组总茎长RNE值随水分胁迫增加而增大。研究表明:(1)狗牙根对不同的水分胁迫均表现出积极响应,可考虑将狗牙根用于库区河岸带植被重建。(2)随种植密度的增大,狗牙根生长及形态均表现出一定的负面效应。(3)本试验在一定程度上支持胁迫梯度假说,但尚需更多概念模型将其改进完善。     

Use of Vetiver and Three Other Grasses for Revegetation of Pb/Zn Mine Tailings: Field Experiment

The Lechang Pb/Zn mine is located to the north of the Guangdong Province, South of China. The tailings pond had been abandoned for over 5 years, and revegetation was necessary for stabilizing the bare surface and to reduce its environmental impact. The tailings contained high levels of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd) and low levels of major nutrient elements (N, P, and K) and organic matter; therefore, heavy metal toxicity and extreme infertility were the major constraints on revegetation. A field experiment was conducted to compare the growth of Vertiveria zizanioides, Paspalum notatum, Cynodon dactylon, and Imperata cylindrica var. major on the tailings. The tailings were amended with 10 cm domestic refuse + complex fertilizer (NPK) (Treatment A), 10 cm domestic refuse (Treatment B) and complex fertilizer (NPK) (Treatment C), respectively; tailings without any amendment were used as control (Treatment D). Plant growth was improved when either domestic refuse or NPK fertilizer was added to the substrate, but the combination of both amendments gave the best yields. After 6 months' growth, V. zizanioides growing on treatment A had a height of 220 cm, cover of 100% and a yield of 2.1 kg m^-2 (d.w.). The height and biomass of V. zizanioides were significantly greater than the other three grasses growing on the same treatment. Judging from results, V. zizanioides was the best species for tailings revegetation, followed by P. notatum, C. dactylon, and I. cylindrica var. major.     

Characterization of purified leaf cytosolic pyruvate kinase from the C4 plant Cynodon dactylon

Cytosolic pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) from leaves of the C₄ plant Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. was purified 56-fold to apparent homogeneity by polyethylene glycol fractionation and column chromatography including Q-Sepharose anion exchanger, ADP-Agarose and gel filtration. Nondenaturing PAGE of the final preparation resulted in a single protein band that co-migrated with the pyruvate kinase activity. Gel filtration and SDS-PAGE (± DTT) showed that this enzyme has a molecular mass of 200 kDa and is a homotetramer with a subunit molecular mass of 50 kDa. The subunits are not associated to each other with S-S bonds. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 6.2 and is heat stable. Typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics was obtained for both substrates, PEP and ADP, with K_m values of 64 and 235 μ M , respectively. Initial velocity studies indicated a sequential binding of the substrates to the enzyme.