昆明西山滇青冈林内滇青冈种子库动态的研究

通过对昆明西山滇青冈林内滇青冈种子库的跟踪取样调查和种子埋藏试验,对滇青冈种子库的动态进行了研究。昆虫在种子成熟前侵入种子,经种子雨进入种子库时已有71．8％的种子失去萌发能力。种子雨输入种子库的绝大部分种子停留在表面种子库,其中48．55％的种子被虫害,25．36％被某些非生物或生物搬运,17．39％的腐烂,8．7％的被动物当场取食,没有种子萌发,影响种子库动态的各种因子的作用大小在时间上是变化。被搬运的种子中,有4．9％的由表面种子库转移到埋藏加。土层是滇青冈种子的安全生境,土壤种子库的存在时间超过250天。埋入土壤的试验种子一直处于静止状态,到6月雨季后有80％种子萌发,20％的腐烂。萌发种子数是当年产种子的0．26％。滇青冈林内的滇青冈种子库是季节性的,种子库对种群个体的补充作用是有限的。     

安徽黄山西部青冈种群小地理范围的遗传分化

采用垂直板型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳研究了黄山西部青冈〔Ｃｙｃｌｏｂａｌａｎｏｐｓｉｓｇｌａｕｃａ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）Ｏｅｒｓｔ．〕种群小地理范围的遗传分化。黄山２个亚种群之间基因频率基本没有差异,基因多样性平均为０．１８２６,小岭和钓桥亚种群分别有２个和１个位点存在显著的杂合子不足的现象。亚种群之间的遗传分化程度很低（ＧＳＴ＝０．９７６％）,主要是由于小地理范围的生境异质性程度低和较大的基因流（平均为１７３）造成的。     

栎属青冈亚属（壳斗科）的叶表皮研究

利用光镜和扫描电镜观察了栎属青冈亚属Quercus subgen. Cyclobalanopsis 48种植物的叶表皮,尤以对叶下表皮的毛被特征观察较为仔细。共观察到8种不同类型的叶表皮毛：单列毛、单毛、乳突、星状毛、溶和星状毛、具柄束毛、多出毛和水母状毛。其中乳突在青冈亚属中较常见,而在壳斗科其他属中仅在石栎属 Lithocarpus 少数种类中有报道;水母状毛首次在壳斗科中发现。毛被可能遵循以下的演化规律：乳突→单毛→星状毛;星状毛依照从简单→复杂的演化途径,分化出各种形态各异和结构复杂的毛系。初步讨论了毛被以及叶表皮其他特征(如毛基细胞和表皮细胞的形态、气孔的类型和密度等)的分类和系统学意义。     

桂林岩溶石山青冈栎群落的数量分析

应用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析(DCA)方法对桂林岩溶石山青冈栎群落进行数量分类与排序。通过TWINSPAN分类,将青冈栎群落60个样方划分为8个群丛类型,探讨了各群丛类型的基本特征。结果表明:DCA排序与TWINSPAN分类结果较一致,DCA排序较好地体现了各群丛类型与环境因子的相互关系,DCA第一排序轴主要反映了坡度的变化梯度;DCA排序图的对角线基本体现了坡向的变化梯度。坡度的变化是影响岩溶石山青冈栎群落物种组成与分布的重要生态因子。     

桂林岩溶石山青冈群落灌木层主要物种生态位与种间联结

基于样方调查,采用生态位测定、方差比率法、χ~2检验、Pearson相关检验和Spearman秩相关检验等方法对桂林岩溶石山青冈群落灌木层主要物种的生态位与种间联结进行研究。结果表明:(1)青冈的生态位宽度最大,占绝对竞争优势;重要值较大(小)的物种,其生态位宽度一般较大(小),但两者顺序并非完全一致。(2)主要物种间的生态位相似性较小,各物种对资源利用的相似程度不高;一般生态位宽度较大的物种,其生态位相似性也越大。(3)生态位宽度较大的物种间产生生态位重叠的概率较大,但生态位重叠程度并不一定大;生态位宽度与生态位重叠有一定的联系,但并不存在绝对的正相关关系;生态位相似性和生态位重叠程度的变化趋势基本吻合。(4)灌木层主要物种的总体联结性表现为显著正联结,表明该群落处于相对稳定的演替阶段。(5)χ~2检验、Pearson相关检验和Spearman秩相关检验结果的显著率均较低,种间联结性不强。(6)物种间的Pearson相关系数、Spearman秩相关系数与相应的生态位相似性和生态位重叠程度之间均呈显著正相关,表现为种间正(负)联结越强,生态位相似性和生态位重叠程度越大(小)。     

软枝青冈,福建壳斗科一新种

报道了分布于我国福建西部的壳斗科（Fagaceae）青冈属（Cyclobalanopsis Oerst.）一新种——软枝青冈（Cyclobalanopsis reclinatocaulis M.M.Lin）。该新种与青冈（Cyclobalanopsis glauca（Thunb.）Oerst.）相似，但冬芽淡红褐色；叶薄革质，椭圆形至卵状椭圆形，边缘常具浅锯齿，叶背干后常呈暗灰色；壳斗环带8~10环；小坚果常为倒卵球形或倒卵状椭球形，先端略凹陷，密被短柔毛，柱座底宽3~4 mm，有7~8圆环而与后者相区别。     

On some fossil species of Hemiaulus

Summary

Hemiaulus ornithocephalus Grev. has been confused with H. capitatus Grev., H. includens Grun. and two undescribed species, here named H. novocastrensis and H. haitensis. A further new species from Russia, closely related to H. includens, is described and named H. affixus. The dating of the fossil deposits in Russia, New Zealand, Barbados and Haiti from which these species come is discussed and their possible phylogenetic connections indicated.     

Different responses to shade of evergreen and deciduous oak seedlings and the effect of acorn size

An evergreen oak species, Cyclobalanopsis multinervis, and a deciduous oak species, Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata were grown from acorns under two light levels (full sunlight and shade at about 18 % of full sunlight, simulating the light intensities in forest clearings and gaps, respectively) for one growing season. Three hypotheses were tested: (i) the deciduous species grows faster than the evergreen species in forest gaps and clearings; (ii) the deciduous species responds more strongly in terms of growth and morphology to variation in light climate than the evergreen species; and (iii) seedling size is positively correlated to acorn size. The results showed: (i) at both light levels, the deciduous seedlings gained significantly more growth in biomass and height than the evergreen seedlings; (ii) both species produced significantly more biomass in full sunlight than in shade, without showing any significant difference in height between treatments. Increase in light intensity improved the growth of the deciduous seedlings more strongly; (iii) at a similar age, the deciduous seedlings showed a greater response in leaf morphology and biomass allocation to variation in light levels, but when compared at a similar size, biomass allocation patterns did not differ significantly between species; (iv) bigger acorns tended to produce larger seedlings, larger leaf sizes and more leaf area, between and within species. These differences demonstrate that the deciduous species is gap-dependent and has the advantage over the evergreen species in forest gaps and clearings.