经脐单孔腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术治疗腹股沟斜疝患儿的疗效及对血清炎性指标和免疫功能的影响

摘要 目的：观察经脐单孔腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术治疗腹股沟斜疝患儿的疗效及对血清炎性指标和免疫功能的影响。方法：研究为回顾性研究,选取2018年1月~2020年12月期间在我院接受治疗的198例腹股沟斜疝患儿的临床资料,按照手术方式的差异分为传统组（97例）和微创组（101例）。传统组接受开放性腹股沟斜疝疝囊高位结扎术,微创组接受经脐单孔腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术,观察两组手术相关指标、血清炎性指标和免疫功能变化情况,记录随访期间并发症发生率并作组间对比。结果：与传统组相比,微创组切口总长度更短,手术时间、住院时间缩短,术中出血量减少（P<0.05）。术后2 d组间对比,微创组免疫球蛋白M（IgM）、免疫球蛋白A（Ig A）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）水平均高于传统组（P<0.05）。术后2 d组间对比,微创组血清白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞计数均低于传统组（P<0.05）。与传统组相比,微创组随访期间并发症发生率更低（P<0.05）。结论：经脐单孔腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术治疗腹股沟斜疝患儿,具有创伤小、手术时间短、并发症少、术后恢复快等优势,且该术式引起的炎症反应及免疫抑制程度均较传统治疗更轻,是治疗此类患儿的良好选择。     

Liver stem cells: a two compartment system

Hepatocytes and biliary epithelia are phenotypically very dissimilar, but share a common ancestry. Hepatocytes regenerate very efficiently, and their division potential indicates that many of them are functional stem cells. When hepatocyte-damaging agents also impair the regenerative ability of surviving hepatocytes, a potential stem cell system of biliary origin is activated to generate new hepatocytes — a reversal of ontogeny. Now both bile duct derived cells and hepatocytes can be isolated from the liver, genetically modified in vitro and returned to their in vivo origins where, after considerable population expansion, they can function as hepatocytes — paving the way for ex vivo gene therapy.     

内镜下硬化剂和套扎治疗食管静脉曲张术后对门脉高压性胃病和胃底静脉曲张的影响

目的:探讨食管静脉曲张(EV)采用内镜下套扎术(EVL)和硬化剂(EVS)治疗对患者近远期并发胃底静脉曲张(GV)以及门脉高压性胃病(PHG)并发症的影响。方法:抽选我院肝硬化上消化道出血后接受内镜下治疗的患者97例为研究对象,其中19例予以内镜下EVS治疗,78例行内镜下EVL治疗,随访1年,观察治疗3个月、6个月、1年后并发GV、PHG的近远期概率。结果:治疗3个月后,本组患者GV、PHG等并发症的发生率为17.5%(17/97)、39.2%(38/97),与治疗前比较差异无显著性(P0.05);治疗6个月后,本组患者GV、PHG等并发症的发生率为32%(31/97)、70.1%(68/97),与治疗前相比,并发人数显著增加(P0.05);治疗1年后,GV、PHG的发生率为42.3%(41/97)、88.7%(86/97),并发人数显著高于治疗前(P0.05)。结论:内镜下EVS、EVL治疗在消退食管曲张静脉和良好地控制出血的同时,还可增加PHG、GV的并发几率,值得临床重视预防。     

The cyanide hydratase enzyme of Fusarium lateritium also has nitrilase activity

The filamentous fungus Fusarium lateritium produces cyanide hydratase when grown in the presence of cyanide. The cyanide hydratase protein produced at a high level in Escherichia coli shows a low but significant nitrilase activity with acetonitrile, propionitrile and benzonitrile. The nitrilase activity is sufficient for growth of the recombinant strain on acetonitrile, propionitrile or benzonitrile as the sole source of nitrogen. The recombinant enzyme shows highest nitrilase activity with benzonitrile. Site-directed mutagenesis of the F. lateritium cyanide hydratase gene indicates that mutations leading to a loss of cyanide hydratase activity also lead to a loss of nitrilase activity. This suggests that the active site for cyanide hydratase and nitrilase activity in the protein is the same. This is the first evidence of cyanide hydratase having nitrilase activity.     

Native chemical ligation in dimethylformamide can be performed chemoselectively without racemization

Native chemical ligation of unprotected peptides in organic solvents has been previously reported as a fast, efficient, and suitable method for coupling of hydrophobic peptides. However, it has not been determined whether the reaction can be carried out without possible side reactions or racemization. Here, we present a study on the chemoselectivity of this method by model reactions designed to test the reactivity of Arg and Lys side chains as well as that of α‐amino groups. A possible racemization of the C‐terminal amino acid of the N‐terminal peptide was also investigated. The results show that ligation in organic solvents can be conducted chemoselectively without side reactions with other nucleophilic groups. Furthermore, no racemization of the C‐terminal amino acid was observed if both educts were added simultaneously. Thus, native chemical ligation can be performed either in aqueous buffer systems or in organic solvents paving the way for the synthesis of larger hydrophobic peptides and/or membrane proteins. Copyright © 2012 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Frequency and distribution of cyanogenic glycosides in Eucalyptus L'Hérit

In this study approximately 420 of the described species of Eucalyptus were examined for cyanogenesis. Our work has identified an additional 18 cyanogenic species, 12 from living tissues and a further six from herbarium samples. This brings the total of known cyanogenic species to 23, representing approximately 4% of the genus. The taxonomic distribution of the species within the genus is restricted to the subgenus Symphyomyrtus, with only two exceptions. Within Symphyomyrtus, the species are in three closely related sections. The cyanogenic glycoside was found to be predominantly prunasin (1) in the 11 species where this was examined. We conclude that cyanogenesis is plesiomorphic in Symphyomyrtus (i.e. a common basal trait) but has probably arisen independently in the other two subgenera, consistent with recent phylogenetic treatments of the genus. The results of this study have important implications for the selection of trees for plantations to support wildlife, and to preserve genetic diversity.     

Effects of double ligation of Stensen's duct on the rabbit parotid gland

Salivary gland duct ligation is an alternative to gland excision for treating sialorrhea or reducing salivary gland size prior to tumor excision. Duct ligation also is used as an approach to study salivary gland aging, regeneration, radiotherapy, sialolithiasis and sialadenitis. Reports conflict about the contribution of each salivary cell population to gland size reduction after ductal ligation. Certain cell populations, especially acini, reportedly undergo atrophy, apoptosis and proliferation during reduction of gland size. Acini also have been reported to de-differentiate into ducts. These contradictory results have been attributed to different animal or salivary gland models, or to methods of ligation. We report here a bilateral double ligature technique for rabbit parotid glands with histologic observations at 1, 7, 14, 30, 60 days after ligation. A large battery of special stains and immunohistochemical procedures was employed to define the cell populations. Four stages with overlapping features were observed that led to progressive shutdown of gland activities: 1) marked atrophy of the acinar cells occurred by 14 days, 2) response to and removal of the secretory material trapped in the acinar and ductal lumens mainly between 30 and 60 days, 3) reduction in the number of parenchymal (mostly acinar) cells by apoptosis that occurred mainly between 14–30 days, and 4) maintenance of steady-state at 60 days with a low rate of fluid, protein, and glycoprotein secretion, which greatly decreased the number of leukocytes engaged in the removal of the luminal contents. The main post- ligation characteristics were dilation of ductal and acinar lumens, massive transient infiltration of mostly heterophils (rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes), acinar atrophy, and apoptosis of both acinar and ductal cells. Proliferation was uncommon except in the larger ducts. By 30 days, the distribution of myoepithelial cells had spread from exclusively investing the intercalated ducts pre-ligation to surrounding a majority of the residual duct-like structures, many of which clearly were atrophic acini. Thus, both atrophy and apoptosis made major contributions to the post-ligation reduction in gland size. Structures also occurred with both ductal and acinar markers that suggested acini differentiating into ducts. Overall, the reaction to duct ligation proceeded at a considerably slower pace in the rabbit parotid glands than has been reported for the salivary glands of the rat.     

KCN和NaN3预处理对烟草愈伤组织抗氰呼吸的影响

用０．５ ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ ＫＣＮ 或０．０１ ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＮ３ 预处理继代培养２５ ｄ 的“甘肃黄花烟草”（Ｎｉｃｏｔｉａｎａ ｒｕｓｔｉｃａ Ｌ． ｃｖ． Ｇａｎｓｕ ｙｅｌｌｏｗ ｆｌｏｗ ｅｒ）愈伤组织对其呼吸作用有明显的影响。ＫＣＮ 和ＮａＮ３ 预处理１２ ｈ 可分别使愈伤组织的总呼吸速率下降１２％ 和１７％ ,细胞色素途径的实际运行量分别下降２２％ 和２８％ ;抗氰交替途径在最大容量（Ｖａｌｔ）基本不变的情况下,实际运行量（ρ·Ｖａｌｔ）不但未随总呼吸速率和细胞色素途径运行量的下降而降低,反而还略有上升。结果导致细胞色素途径对总呼吸的贡献下降而抗氰交替途径对总呼吸的贡献上升。ＫＣＮ 预处理２４ ｈ,细胞色素途径的实际运行量虽略有回升,但仍低于对照;ＮａＮ３ 预处理２４ ｈ 则使细胞色素途径运行继续下降而交替途径运行持续上升。上述结果表明,在继代培养的烟草愈伤组织中,当细胞色素主路途径被部分抑制后交替途径的电子流量明显加强,从而起着一种补偿作用     

Specificity studies of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase

3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (E.C. 2.8.1.2; MST) is an enzyme believed to function in the endogenous cyanide (CN) detoxification system because it is capable of transferring sulfur from 3-mercaptopyruvate (3-MP) to CN, forming the less toxic thiocyanate (SCN). To date, 3-MP is the only known sulfur-donor substrate for MST. In an effort to increase the understanding of what chemical properties of 3-MP affect its utilization as a substrate, in vitro enzyme kinetic studies of MST were conducted using two mercaptic acids that are structurally related to 3-MP. Neither of these compounds was able to serve as a sulfur-donor substrate for MST. Inhibitor studies determined that 3-mercaptopropionic acid did not affect the K_m of MST for 3-MP but did decrease V_max and, thus, was determined to be a noncompetitive inhibitor. Alternatively, 2-mercaptopropionic acid 2-MPA decreased K_m and V_max and was determined to be an uncompetitive inhibitor of MST with respect to 3-MP. These data indicate that the α-keto group of 3-MP is necessary for its utilization as a substrate, and the inhibitor studies suggest that the position of the sulfur may also affect the binding of these compounds to the enzyme. These observations increase the understanding of what factors can affect the utilization of a compound as a sulfur-donor substrate for MST and may aid in the development of alternative sulfur-donor substrates for MST. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Chemical ligation and cleavage on solid support facilitate recombinant peptide purification

Recombinant peptide technology offers a promising means alternative to chemical synthesis and natural extraction of peptides. The bottleneck in the process of recombinant peptide production is the paucity of efficient purification protocols to eliminate heterogeneity of the desired preparation. Here, we introduce a combination strategy to facilitate purification of recombinant therapeutic peptide via native chemical ligation and chemical cleavage on a solid support. In this study, one promising therapeutic peptide called for type-2 diabetes, GLP-1(7-37), was prepared with high yield and purity without an expensive HPLC purification. Furthermore, this method is also useful for the preparation of isotopically labeled NMR peptide samples. Hopefully, this strategy combining chemical ligation with chemical cleavage on a solid support will ameliorate the production of important recombinant pharmaceutical peptides.