全文获取类型
收费全文 | 335篇 |
免费 | 36篇 |
国内免费 | 27篇 |
专业分类
398篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 10篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 11篇 |
2017年 | 18篇 |
2016年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 16篇 |
2013年 | 17篇 |
2012年 | 22篇 |
2011年 | 15篇 |
2010年 | 13篇 |
2009年 | 17篇 |
2008年 | 17篇 |
2007年 | 22篇 |
2006年 | 19篇 |
2005年 | 12篇 |
2004年 | 15篇 |
2003年 | 16篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有398条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
DANUTA WASSERMAN TRAN THI HOUNG THANH PHAM THI DUC MINH MAX GOLDSTEIN ANA NORDENSKIÖLD CAMILLA WASSERMAN 《World psychiatry》2008,7(1):47-53
The study aimed to explore the suicidal process, suicidal communication and psychosocial situation of young suicide attempters in a rural community in Hanoi, Vietnam. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, in a community setting, with 19 suicide attempters aged 15-24 who had been consecutively hospitalized in an intensive care unit. In 12 of 19 cases, the first pressing, distinct and constant suicidal thoughts appeared less than one day before the suicide attempt in question. However, distress and mild, fleeting suicidal thoughts had been present up to six months before the suicide attempt in 16 cases. Five respondents had a suicide plan one to three days before attempting suicide. Altogether, 13 engaged in some form of suicidal communication before their attempt. This communication was, however, difficult for outsiders to interpret. Twelve of the respondents were victims of regular physical abuse and 16 had suffered psychological violence for at least one year before attempting suicide. Eighteen of the respondents used pesticides or raticides in their suicide attempts. None sought advice or consultation in the community despite long-standing psychosocial problems. The strategy of reducing the availability of suicide means (e.g., pesticides or raticides) in Asian countries should be complemented with a long-term suicide-preventive strategy that targets school dropouts and domestic violence, and promotes coping abilities and communication about psychological and social problems as well as recognition of signs of distress and suicidal communication. 相似文献
82.
Multistage models are used to describe individuals (or experimental units) moving through a succession of "stages" corresponding to distinct states (e.g., healthy, diseased, diseased with complications, dead). The resulting data can be considered to be a form of multivariate survival data containing information about the transition times and the stages occupied. Traditional survival analysis is the simplest example of a multistage model, where individuals begin in an initial stage (say, alive) and move irreversibly to a second stage (death). In this article, we consider general multistage models with a directed tree structure (progressive models) in which individuals traverse through stages in a possibly non-Markovian manner. We construct nonparametric estimators of stage occupation probabilities and marginal cumulative transition hazards. Empirical calculations of these quantities are not possible due to the lack of complete data. We consider current status information which represents a more severe form of censoring than the commonly used right censoring. Asymptotic validity of our estimators can be justified using consistency results for nonparametric regression estimators. Finite-sample behavior of our estimators is studied by simulation, in which we show that our estimators based on these limited data compare well with those based on complete data. We also apply our method to a real-life data set arising from a cardiovascular diseases study in Taiwan. 相似文献
83.
Asymptotic solutions for the effectiveness factor and the concentration profile are obtained for mth-order chemical reactions inside a slab catalyst pellet with Robin boundary condition at the pellet's outer surface. Using perturbation analysis in the limit of large reaction order m, the effectiveness factor and the concentration profile are explicitly determined up to O(1/m). Higher-order solutions can be obtained in a systematic way if desired. 相似文献
84.
Shannon G. Klein Kylie A. Pitt Kristen A. Rathjen Jamie E. Seymour 《Global Change Biology》2014,20(1):28-37
Increasing ocean temperatures and strengthening boundary currents have caused the poleward migration of many marine species. Cubozoan jellyfish known to cause Irukandji syndrome have historically been confined to tropical waters but may be expanding into subtropical regions. Here, we examine the interactive effects of warming and acidification on the population dynamics of polyps of an Irukandji jellyfish, Alatina nr mordens, and the formation of statoliths in newly metamorphosed medusae, to determine if this jellyfish could tolerate future conditions predicted for southeast Queensland (SEQ), Australia. Two experiments, examining the orthogonal factors of temperature and pH, were undertaken. Experiment 1 mimicked the current, ca. 2050 and ca. 2100 summer temperature and pH conditions predicted for SEQ using A1F1 scenarios (temperature: 25, 27, 29 °C; pH: 7.9, 7.8, 7.6) and Experiment 2 mimicked current and future winter conditions (18 and 22 °C, pH 7.9, 7.8, 7.6). All polyps in Experiment 1 survived and budded. Fewer polyps budded in the lower pH treatments; however, patterns varied slightly among temperature treatments. Statoliths at pH 7.6 were 24% narrower than those at pH 7.8 and 7.9. Most polyps survived the winter conditions mimicked by Experiment 2 but only polyps in the 22 °C, pH 7.9 treatment increased significantly. The current absence of A. nr mordens medusae in SEQ, despite the polyps' ability to tolerate the current temperature and pH conditions, suggests that ecological, rather than abiotic factors currently limit their distribution. Observations that budding was lower under low pH treatments suggest that rates of asexual reproduction will likely be much slower in the future. We consider that A. nr mordens polyps are likely to tolerate future conditions but are unlikely to thrive in the long term. However, if polyps can overcome potential ecological boundaries and acidification proceeds slowly A. nr mordens could expand polewards in the short term. 相似文献
85.
LAURA A. COULSON CECILE PERRIN DAVID G. ROBERTS TODD E. MINCHINTON DAVID J. AYRE 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2011,103(4):849-862
The southern range limit of the planktotrophic, intertidal whelk, Morula marginalba, occurs immediately to the north of the south‐east Australian biogeographical barrier and we predict that its range may be limited by dispersal and biotic interactions. The barrier includes several hundred kilometers without suitable habitat and is the convergence zone of major ocean currents. Within the barrier region, along‐shore larval transport is expected to be erratic, with water moving offshore to form long‐lived eddies. Through comparison of central and range edge populations, we test for evidence of recruitment limitation and interspecific competition with the whelk, Haustrum vinosum, which occurs sympatrically at the range edge. We found similar levels of recruitment and allozyme genetic variation within centre and edge populations where H. vinosum was absent, implying that populations are strongly interconnected. Nevertheless, recruitment and abundance of M. marginalba were lower at its extreme range limit, where it occurs with H. vinosum. Indeed, we detected significant inverse correlations between the abundance of these species, although their habitat use was similar and they consumed similar prey. These lines of evidence suggest a restricted recruitment across the barrier limits the range of M. marginalba but emphasize that multiple factors may act to set species range limits. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 103 , 849–862. 相似文献
86.
Ewald Gingl Anna-M Burger Friedrich G Barth 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2006,192(5):551-558
The present study introduces a new preparation of a spider vibration receptor that allows intracellular recording of responses to natural mechanical or electrical stimulation of the associated mechanoreceptor cells. The spider vibration receptor is a lyriform slit sense organ made up of 21 cuticular slits located on the distal end of the metatarsus of each walking leg. The organ is stimulated when the tarsus receives substrate vibrations, which it transmits to the organ’s cuticular structures, reducing the displacement to about one tenth due to geometrical reasons. Current clamp recording was used to record action potentials generated by electrical or mechanical stimuli. Square pulse stimulation identified two groups of sensory cells, the first being single-spike cells which generated only one or two action potentials and the second being multi-spike cells which produced bursts of action potentials. When the more natural mechanical sinusoidal stimulation was applied, differences in adaptation rate between the two cell types remained. In agreement with prior extracellular recordings, both cell types showed a decrease in the threshold tarsus deflection with increasing stimulus frequency. Off-responses to mechanical stimuli have also been seen in the metatarsal organ for the first time. 相似文献
87.
目的:分析军队医院文职人员的社会性质及地位,调查现役干部对文职人员性质地位的认知情况,为开设针对性的教育管理工作提供理论指导。方法:对我院56名现役干部和78名文职人员进行问卷调查,对结果进行汇总研究,分析医院文职人员的现状及干部对其性质地位的认知情况。结果:现役干部对文职人员缺乏足够的理解,存在受阻、延迟和弱化的现象;文职人员本身由于对自身权利义务认识不足以及在情感上难以融入军营,身份认同存在难度。结论:提高对军队文职人员的认识,充分发挥军队文职人员队伍的作用,必须提升文职人员的社会效应,加强教育管理,完善培养机制,多方面提升对军队文职人员的认知。 相似文献
88.
The Black Sea ecosystem and diversity underwent dramatic adverse changes during the 1960s and, especially, 1970s and 1980s
of the last century. Anthropogenically-induced eutrophication increased through greater biogenic flow, dumping and pollutant
discharge, in turn causing red tides, fish kills and oxygen depletion over the northwestern shelf.
Anthropogenic pressures, associated with the economic situation of the Black Sea countries, has decreased during the last
decade, allowing some improvement in the state and biodiversity of the ecosystem. The abundances of several native species
have increased. However, mediterranization—the invasion by species from the adjacent basin and beyond—has continued.
The conclusion is grounded, that biodiversity is not only inter- and intra-species diversity but also spatial–temporal variability,
abundance and productivity dynamics, differences of the metabolic strategies providing sustainable existence in the changing
environment. Biodiversity at the intra-species level expresses itself in spatial and temporal variations of the Black Sea
biota.
It has been shown, that рreservation of the Black Sea ecosystem’s biodiversity must be based on the measures which should
be undertaken in national and social spheres, and be directed to the recreation, stabilization and conservation of this unique
sea basin.
Measures must be implemented nationally to conserve, stabilize or recreate the ecosystem biodiversity of this unique sea basin. 相似文献
89.
Molecular genetic,life‐history and morphological variation in a coastal warm‐temperate sciaenid fish: evidence for an upwelling‐driven speciation event 下载免费PDF全文
90.
The rate of protein synthesis in unfertilized sea urchin eggs is very low, although all components for protein synthesis are present. To determine whether egg messenger RNAs are unavailable for translation because of “masking” by phenol-soluble inhibitors, crude and purified nonpolyribosomal messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes (mRNPs) from eggs of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus were translated in vitro in a wheat germ cell-free system. Crude and purified egg mRNPs were nearly as translatable as the mRNAs extracted from the mRNPs, suggesting that the mRNPs were not masked. No difference in the relative translational activities of mRNPs and their constituent mRNAs was revealed by isolating the mRNPs in buffers of different ionic strength or in the presence of protease and ribonuclease inhibitors. Furthermore, kinetic analysis of the in vitro translation and translation of the mRNPs and mRNAs at several concentrations of K+, Mg2+, and template all indicate that mRNPs are efficient templates for directing protein synthesis. Separation on polyacrylamide gels of the products of in vitro and in vivo translation demonstrated that both mRNPs and mRNAs extracted from the mRNPs synthesized in vitro high-molecular-weight polypeptides, some of which were also synthesized in vivo. Although sea urchin egg mRNPs may not be masked, there are several alternative mechanisms for regulating translation in the egg. 相似文献