HIV/AIDS患者机会性感染与CD4+ T淋巴细胞间的关联性

目的 研究人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者及艾滋病（AIDS）患者发生机会性感染的概率与自身CD4+ T淋巴细胞之间的关系,为HIV患者机会性感染的防治提供参考。方法 以2016年6月至2017年6月我院400例HIV患者为研究对象,回顾性分析不同CD4+T淋巴细胞计数HIV患者发生机会性感染的情况。结果 400例HIV患者发生机会性感染178例,总感染率为44.5%。CD4+T淋巴细胞计数≤50个/μL的患者机会性感染发生率（86.67%）最高,与其他各组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。随着CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数的减少,HIV患者机会性感染率升高。178例机会性感染者中,单一感染82例,2部位感染52例,3部位感染28例,4部位以上感染16例。感染病原体检测显示,细菌感染84例（47.19%）,结核杆菌感染36例（20.22%）,病毒感染30例（16.85%,包括巨细胞病毒感染18例、单纯疱疹病毒感染12例）,真菌感染77例（43.25%,包括假丝酵母感染35例,肺孢子菌感染20例,马尔尼菲青霉菌感染12例,新型隐球菌感染10例）,未明确病原体性质34例（19.10%）,复合感染多见。结论 CD4+ T淋巴细胞水平与HIV患者继发机会性感染的概率关系密切。HIV患者CD4+ T淋巴细胞水平的监测对其继发机会性感染的防控具有重要临床意义。     

重症创伤患者ICU后综合征心理障碍影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探究重症创伤患者ICU后综合征（PICS）心理障碍影响因素。方法：本次研究纳入60例重症创伤患者,按照是否存在PICS分为对照组（20例）和PICS组（40例）。进行不同治疗情况PICS心理障碍影响因素单因素分析。PICS心理障碍患者急性生理与慢性健康状况评分系统（APACHEII）和医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS）评分、Ogawa改良创伤评分系统、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）评分进行单因素分析,并进行PICS心理障碍的相关性分析,PICS心理障碍影响因素Logistic回归分析。结果：（1）PICS组年龄<30比例较对照组升高,30-50患者比例较对照组降低（P<0.05）。PICS组文化程度文盲和小学患者比例较对照组升高,初中和高中及以上患者比例较对照组降低（P<0.05）。（2）PICS组手术、手术时间1~3 h和＞3 h、ICU时间10~14 d、镇静药物和有创机械通气患者比例较对照组升高（P<0.05）。（3）PICS组APACHEII评分<20和20~25患者比例较对照组降低,APACHEII评分25~30和＞30患者比例较对照组升高（P<0.05）;PICS组HADS评分<5和5~15患者比例较对照组降低,HADS评分15~25和≥25患者比例较对照组升高（P<0.05）;PICS组得分低于9分的轻度损伤者和得分10~16分的中度损伤的患者比例较对照组降低,得分≥17分为重度损伤的患者比例较对照组升高（P<0.05）;PICS组得分≤7分的睡眠质量较好的患者比例较对照组降低（P<0.05）,得分>7分的睡眠障碍的患者比例较对照组升高（P<0.05）。（4）PICS组年龄、手术时间、ICU时间、APACHEII评分、HADS评分、PSQI得分以及创伤指数评分较对照组升高（P<0.05）;（5）PICS心理障碍与年龄、文化程度、手术时间、ICU时间、镇静药物、无创机械通气、有创机械通气、APACHEII评分、HADS评分、创伤指数评分以及PSQI评分相关（P<0.05）。结论：PICS组年龄、手术时间、ICU时间、APACHEII评分和HADS评分较对照组升高;PICS心理障碍与年龄、文化程度、手术时间、ICU时间、镇静药物、无创机械通气、有创机械通气、APACHEII评分、HADS评分、创伤指数评分以及PSQI评分相关。     

Relationship between leptin receptor and polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders, which is involved in the multi-system disease, and its etiology is still not clearly understood. It is currently considered that not only the genetic factors but also the environment factors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Obesity plays an important role through the insulin, leptin and endocannabinoid system in the pathological process of PCOS, leading to more severe clinical manifestations. The aim of our present study is to investigate whether there is association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Gln223Arg and Pro1019Pro in the leptin receptor gene (LEPR) and PCOS in a Korean population. Interestingly, a significant association was found between the Pro1019Pro in LEPR gene and PCOS, and a highly significant association was found between the Gln223Arg in LEPR gene and PCOS (P = 0.033, OR = 1.523, 95% confidence interval and P < 0.0001, OR = 0.446, 95% confidence interval). Moreover, genotype combination and haplotype analyses indicate that Gln223Arg and Pro1019Pro polymorphisms of LEPR are significantly associated with the risk of PCOS.     

Multifaceted applications of nanomaterials in cell engineering and therapy

Nanomaterials with superior physiochemical properties have been rapidly developed and integrated in every aspect of cell engineering and therapy for translating their great promise to clinical success. Here we demonstrate the multifaceted roles played by innovatively-designed nanomaterials in addressing key challenges in cell engineering and therapy such as cell isolation from heterogeneous cell population, cell instruction in vitro to enable desired functionalities, and targeted cell delivery to therapeutic sites for prompting tissue repair. The emerging trends in this interdisciplinary and dynamic field are also highlighted, where the nanomaterial-engineered cells constitute the basis for establishing in vitro disease model; and nanomaterial-based in situ cell engineering are accomplished directly within the native tissue in vivo. We will witness the increasing importance of nanomaterials in revolutionizing the concept and toolset of cell engineering and therapy which will enrich our scientific understanding of diseases and ultimately fulfill the therapeutic demand in clinical medicine.     

Functional lung imaging with synchrotron radiation: Methods and preclinical applications

Many lung disease processes are characterized by structural and functional heterogeneity that is not directly appreciable with traditional physiological measurements. Experimental methods and lung function modeling to study regional lung function are crucial for better understanding of disease mechanisms and for targeting treatment. Synchrotron radiation offers useful properties to this end: coherence, utilized in phase-contrast imaging, and high flux and a wide energy spectrum which allow the selection of very narrow energy bands of radiation, thus allowing imaging at very specific energies. K-edge subtraction imaging (KES) has thus been developed at synchrotrons for both human and small animal imaging. The unique properties of synchrotron radiation extend X-ray computed tomography (CT) capabilities to quantitatively assess lung morphology, and also to map regional lung ventilation, perfusion, inflammation and biomechanical properties, with microscopic spatial resolution. Four-dimensional imaging, allows the investigation of the dynamics of regional lung functional parameters simultaneously with structural deformation of the lung as a function of time. This review summarizes synchrotron radiation imaging methods and overviews examples of its application in the study of disease mechanisms in preclinical animal models, as well as the potential for clinical translation both through the knowledge gained using these techniques and transfer of imaging technology to laboratory X-ray sources.     

Augmented Reticular Thalamic Bursting and Seizures in Scn1a-Dravet Syndrome

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Current status and prospects of basic research and clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells in acute respiratory distress syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and clinically devastating disease that causes respiratory failure. Morbidity and mortality of patients in intensive care units are stubbornly high, and various complications severely affect the quality of life of survivors. The pathophysiology of ARDS includes increased alveolar–capillary membrane permeability, an influx of protein-rich pulmonary edema fluid, and surfactant dysfunction leading to severe hypoxemia. At present, the main treatment for ARDS is mechanical treatment combined with diuretics to reduce pulmonary edema, which primarily improves symptoms, but the prognosis of patients with ARDS is still very poor. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal cells that possess the capacity to self-renew and also exhibit multilineage differentiation. MSCs can be isolated from a variety of tissues, such as the umbilical cord, endometrial polyps, menstrual blood, bone marrow, and adipose tissues. Studies have confirmed the critical healing and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in the treatment of a variety of diseases. Recently, the potential of stem cells in treating ARDS has been explored via basic research and clinical trials. The efficacy of MSCs has been shown in a variety of in vivo models of ARDS, reducing bacterial pneumonia and ischemia-reperfusion injury while promoting the repair of ventilator-induced lung injury. This article reviews the current basic research findings and clinical applications of MSCs in the treatment of ARDS in order to emphasize the clinical prospects of MSCs.     

The Cap-Snatching SFTSV Endonuclease Domain Is an Antiviral Target

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Landscape dynamics and evolution of colonizer syndromes: interactions between reproductive effortand dispersal in a metapopulation

The evolutionary consequences of changes in landscape dynamics for the evolution of life history syndromes are studied using a metapopulation model. We consider in turn the long-term effects of a change in the local disturbance rate, in the maximal local population persistence, in habitat productivity, and in habitat fragmentation. We examine the consequences of selective interactions between dispersal and reproductive effort by comparing the outcome of joint evolution to a situation where the species has lost the potential to evolve either its reproductive effort or its dispersal rate. We relax the classical assumption that any occupied site in the metapopulation reaches its carrying capacity immediately after recolonization. Our main conclusions are the following: (1) genetic diversity modifies the range of landscape parameters for which the metapopulation is viable, but it alters very little the qualitative evolutionary trends observed for each trait within this range. Although they are both part of a competition/colonization axis, reproductive effort and dispersal are not substitutable traits: their evolution reflects more directly the change in the landscape dynamics, than a selective interaction among them. (2) no general syndrome of covariation between reproductive effort and dispersal can be predicted: the pattern of association between the two traits depends on the type of change in landscape dynamics and on the saturation level. We review empirical evidence on colonizer syndromes and suggest lines for further empirical work. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.