小麦叶绿体信号识别颗粒54基因的克隆与分析

根据LWSRC336(GenBank登录号为EV254029)的cDNA序列设计引物,从受条锈菌(Puccinia striifor-misf.sp.tritici)诱导的小麦幼叶中提取总RNA,采用RACE与RT-PCR相结合的技术对该基因克隆.测序结果表明,扩增片段长度为1 725 bp,其中包含一个编码481个氨基酸的开放阅读框,与水稻的叶绿体信号识别颗粒54蛋白高度同源.实时荧光定量PCR分析结果显示,该基因在受条锈菌诱导下,在亲和组合中表达趋势明显下调,而在非亲合组合中的表达在24 h之前呈下降趋势,到24 h最低,在72 h又恢复到正常水平,随后又下降.推测条锈菌侵染小麦后,影响了叶绿体蛋白的运输,进而影响了小麦的光合作用.     

基于光纤式动态光散射的人血清白蛋白研究

人体尿液中血清白蛋白急剧增加会导致肾脏病发生几率增大,利用动态光散射技术(dynamic light scattering,DLS)研究人血清白蛋白有助于推动诊断肾脏病的早期发现。分析了人血清白蛋白的物理模型;利用单模光纤搭建了动态光散射实验系统,并配制了实验所需的人血清白蛋白水溶液;最后使用该系统研究了人血清白蛋白分子的扩散系数在不同蛋白浓度和pH值条件下的扩散系数。实验和分析结果表明库仑力对蛋白质的扩散起主要作用,在等电位点下(pH=5.2)库仑力的影响消失,蛋白质的扩散系数最小;在等电位点测量出扩散系数随浓度的增加而线性减小;在浓度5 mg/mL～40 mg/mL内互扩散系数Dm=D0[1-(0.00194±0.00008)],D0=(6.74±0.01)×10-7cm2/s为外推至零浓度下23℃时蛋白质的扩散系数。这里C为蛋白质浓度,实验测得人血清白蛋白的半径为(3.44±0.01)nm。     

Construction and Characterization of a Goat Mammary Gland cDNA Library

A lactating goat mammary gland cDNA library was constructed by using a modified commercially available cDNA library construction kit protocol. The resulting clones were sequenced and functionally analyzed through cross-species genomic comparison to assess (1) the capacity and functional quality of the constructed library for subsequent research and (2) the efficiency of the procedural modifications. The study resulted in the construction of a high-quality mammary gland cDNA library, which was characterized by (1) the total recombinants number of 1.4 × 10⁷ colony-forming units (cfus) that was at least 10 times greater than the number expected from the application of the standard kit protocol, (2) the recombinants rate of 96%, and (3) the average insert size of 1,082 bp. BLAST analysis of sequenced clones against GenBank databases determined 55.7% of clone redundancy, 22 known function gene clusters, and 29 novel gene clusters. The analysis of the primary gene expression profile showed that 59% of the tested clones were genes that coded for milk proteins while 16% of the clones coded for ribosomal, metabolism, immune response, and translation proteins. The remaining 25% of the tested clones were described as novel genes. Cross-species comparison showed that 77% of characterized gene clusters were successfully identified by using resources from other ruminants and unrelated species. This outcome is in consonance with the common belief that the genomic resources that have been generated across species are potentially powerful tools that could be used for enhancing the molecular understanding of less genomically studied species, such as goat.     

Gene delivery into hepatocytes with the preS/liposome/DNA system

Gene delivery into human hepatocytes remains a critical issue for the development of liver-directed gene therapy. Gene delivery based on non-viral vectors is an attractive approach relative to viral vectors. In this report, novel delivery system of preS/liposome/DNA virus-like particle (VLP) was developed for gene transfection into hepatocytes in vivo and in vitro. Plasmid pCMVbeta, expressing beta-galactosidase, was encapsulated with cationic liposome, and then the histidine-tagged preS domain of hepatitis B virus was coated on the surface of liposome/DNA to form preS/liposome/ DNA VLP. Transfection efficiencies of preS/liposome/DNA, liposome/DNA, naked DNA and preS were analyzed using several different human cell lines. The highest transfection efficiency was found using preS/liposome/DNA VLP as the transfection reagent in human hepatocyte (HH) cell line. Results show that preS domain of hepatitis B virus coated on liposome/DNA can be used for highly efficient gene transfection into human hepatocytes. Moreover, the target characteristic of preS/liposome/DNA was analyzed in vivo. After preS/liposome/DNA VLP was injected into immunocompromised (Nude) mice via the tail vein, most of beta-galactosidase was expressed in the liver; however, no significant target expression was found with the injection of liposome/ DNA or naked DNA. Our results show that preS/liposome/DNA VLP can be used as a novel liver-specific gene delivery system.     

Tracking bio‐molecules in live cells using quantum dots

Single particle tracking (SPT) techniques were developed to explore bio‐molecules dynamics in live cells at single molecule sensitivity and nanometer spatial resolution. Recent developments in quantum dots (Qdots) surface coating and bio‐conjugation schemes have made them most suitable probes for live cell applications. Here we review recent advancements in using quantum dots as SPT probes for live cell experiments. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

基因枪法转化小麦的金粉用量及转基因植株表型特征分析

研究了不同金粉用量对小麦幼胚瞬间及稳定转化频率的影响,结果表明此实验系统的金粉用量以每枪500μg金粉为佳。对获得的T     

Soil Washing Feasibility at a Manufacturing Gas Plant Site

Bench-scale treatability tests were carried out in order to evaluate performances of “physical” soil washing (particle size classification aimed at “concentrating” contamination in the fine fraction of the soil) and of a surfactant-aided soil-washing process on a brownfield soil, contaminated by high-molecular-weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). In the first case, soil was classified by wet particle separation using water, whereas it was extracted by water + surfactant in the second case. The chemical agent was selected among non-ionic synthetic and anionic biogenic surfactants (Triton X-100, Igepal CA-720, Brij-30, JBR 325), evaluating the kinetics of the desorption process and the extraction efficiency for different time of contact with soil. Surfactant concentration was selected by evaluating the extraction efficiency at the optimal time of contact. A surfactant-aided soil-washing process was tested, where soil was sequentially treated by fresh soil-washing solution (water + surfactant), and soil-washing solution was recycled for other contaminated soil. Transfer efficiency of PAHs and recovery of surfactant solution were evaluated     

Histologic analysis of liver tissue following hepatic arterial infusion of ferromagnetic particles in a rabbit tumour model

It is possible to arterially embolize liver tumours in small animal models with ferromagnetic particles that generate hysteretic heating on exposure to an alternating magnetic field. The aim of this study was to determine the response of hepatic tissue to arterial infusion of ferromagnetic particles. Eight rabbits containing hepatic VX2 carcinomas received a hepatic arterial infusion of ferromagnetic particles suspended in lipiodol. Four rabbits were sacrificed after 60 min to determine the acute tissue response, and the other four rabbits were sacrificed after 14 days to determine the longer-term tissue response. The tumour, normal hepatic parenchyma (NHP), lungs and gallbladder of each subject were examined using light microscopy, and chemically analysed for iron concentration. Large aggregates of particles embolized within the tumour vasculature. There was only a sparse distribution of particles in the NHP, with no acute tissue response. The tumour to NHP iron concentration ratio was 4.9. Particles also lodged in blood vessels of the gallbladder wall. Two weeks after infusion there were isolated foci of necrosis in the NHP, and macrophages were associated with particle aggregates, which were also observed within multinucleated giant cells. There was no evidence that particles embolized in the lungs. Hepatic arterial infusion of ferromagnetic particles suspended in lipiodol resulted in excellent tumour targeting with no acute tissue reaction in the NHP, and no evidence of pulmonary embolization. After 14 days there was evidence of phagocytosis of the particles in NHP, but not in the tumour tissue. However, the suspension caused multiple foci of infarction in NHP, probably due to occlusion of larger arteries.