中缝大核在臂旁内侧核区注射吗啡所致呼吸抑制效应中的作用

实验在33只浅麻醉、肌肉麻痹、人工呼吸及切断双侧颈迷走神经的家兔上进行。观察中缝大核区电解损毁或微量注射利多卡因对呼吸活动及臂旁内侧核区微量注射吗啡所致呼吸抑制效应的影响。结果是:电解损毀中缝大核区,使呼吸频率增加,膈神经放电的幅度和频率均无明显变化,而臂旁内侧核区微量注射吗啡抑制呼吸的程度减轻;中缝大核区微量注射利多卡因,则部分消除臂旁内侧核区微量注射吗啡的呼吸抑制效应。中缝大核旁网状结构电解损毁或微量注射利多卡因,不影响吗啡的呼吸抑制效应。上述结果提示,中缝大核区可能在脑桥臂旁内侧核区微量注射吗啡抑制呼吸的机制中起一定作用。     

Substance P and enkephalin in transected axons of medulla and spinal cord

The accumulation of transported materials in cut axons is demonstrated by the light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of substance P and enkephalin in the caudal medulla and cervical spinal cord of adult rat. Two days following unilateral knife-cuts in the caudal medulla or spinal (C2-C3) levels, substance P and enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (SPLI and ELI) are detected in lesioned axons located rostral and caudal to the transection. Rostrally, SPLI and ELI are detected in the lateral reticular region and ventrolateral fasciculus corresponding to the location of previously identified bulbospinal pathways. Caudally, previously unidentified, propriospinal pathways showing SPLI are detected in the dorsal columns and in the dorsolateral fasciculus. In contrast, ELI is found caudal to the transection only in the reticular region of the medulla. For both peptides, immunoreactivity is present throughout axons containing numerous large, dense core, and small clear vesicles. These results support the concept of both particulate and soluble modes of transport for substance P and enkephalin within axons of the central nervous system.     

Characterization of the eaeA gene from rabbit enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strain RDEC-1 and comparison to other eaeA genes from bacteria that cause attaching-effacing lesions

Abstract A number of enteric pathogens, including enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) Escherichia coli , Hafnia alvei , a strain of Citrobacter freundii , and rabbit EPEC strain RDEC-1 cause attaching-effacing (AE) lesions in the gut mucosa. These bacteria have a pathogenicity cassette (locus of enterocyte effacement or LEE) containing the eaeA gene. This gene encodes intimin, an outer membrane protein required for production of AE lesions. RDEC-1, a non-invasive enteropathogen in young rabbits, produces AE lesions morphologically indistinguishable from lesions caused by human AE bacterial strains. The RDEC-1 example of E. coli diarrhea in rabbits is an important model for studying the pathogenesis of AE bacteria in a natural infection and for analyzing specific roles of the components of LEE. In order to better understand the role of intimin in the development of AE lesions, a portion of DNA within RDEC-1 LEE, containing the eaeA gene and an upstream open reading frame (ORF), was sequenced. The RDEC-1 eaeA gene shared 87%, 92%, and 93% DNA sequence identity and > 80% amino acid sequence identity with the eaeA genes of C. freundii biotype 4280, EHEC O157:H7, and EPEC O127:H6, respectively. The carboxy-terminal 280 amino acid residues of intimin has 80%, 56%, and 54% identity with C. freundii , EHEC O157:H7, and EPEC O127:H6 intimins, respectively. The predicted protein encoded by the upstream ORF (156 amino acids) shares 95%, 97%, and 99% amino acid identity with predicted proteins from C. freundii , EHEC O157:H7, and EPEC O127:H6, respectively. The high degree of sequence homology of the ORF and the eaeA gene of RDEC-1 with those of other AE bacteria suggests an evolutionary relationship of LEE and supports and facilitates the use of the RDEC-1 model for studying the role of LEE in pathogenesis.     

The effect of rebamipide on gastric xanthine oxidase activity and type conversion in ethanol-treated rats

Rebamipide, a novel antipeptic ulcer drug, 2-(4-chlorobenzoylamino)-3-[2(1H)-quinolinone-4-yl]-propionic acid, was studied for its inhibitory effect on gastric xanthine oxidase activity and type conversion of the enzyme that has a profound role in free radical generation. Intraperitoneal administration of rebamipide at 60 mg/kg body weight reduced gastric mucosal hemorrhagic lesions and lipid peroxidation, which was proportional to the inhibitory effect of rebamipide on alcohol-induced xanthine oxidase-type conversion and enzyme activity. It was also observed that the activity of xanthine oxidase was significantly inhibited by administration of rebamipide at 60 mg/kg body weight, leading to a significant reduction of lipid peroxide content in alcohol-treated rats. The results suggest that alcohol-induced gastric mucosal lesions might be, in part, due to the increased activity of xanthine oxidase and type conversion rate of the enzyme and the protective effect of rebamipide on gastric mucosal lesions would result from its ability to protect against oxidative stress on gastric mucosal lesions of alcohol-treated rats.     

血清GDF-15、hs-cTnT对冠状动脉旁路移植术后新发房颤及近期主要心血管事件的预测效能研究

摘要 目的：分析血清生长分化因子15（GDF-15）、高敏心肌肌钙蛋白T（hs-cTnT）对冠状动脉旁路移植术后新发心房颤动（房颤）及近期主要心血管事件的预测效能。方法：选择自2020年1月至2022年1月在我院行冠状动脉旁路移植术的140例冠心病患者作为研究对象,根据术后是否新发房颤,分为房颤组（46例）和非房颤组（94例）。检测两组术前血清GDF-15、hs-cTnT水平,使用多因素Logistic回归分析血清GDF-15、hs-cTnT与术后新发房颤的关系;随访6个月,观察主要心血管事件发生情况,通过受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUC）评价血清GDF-15、hs-cTnT对术后新发房颤及近期主要心血管事件的预测效能。结果：两组患者年龄、性别、体重指数等一般资料比较无差异（P＞0.05）;房颤组SYNTAX积分高于非房颤组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);房颤组血清GDF-15、hs-cTnT水平均高于非房颤组（P＜0.05）;经多因素Logistic回归分析,SYNTAX积分、血清GDF-15、hs-cTnT均是冠状动脉旁路移植术后新发房颤的独立预测因素（P＜0.05）;经ROC曲线分析,血清GDF-15联合hs-cTnT预测冠状动脉旁路移植术后新发房颤的AUC为0.933,大于SYNTAX积分的0.790,预测近期主要心血管事件的AUC为0.925,大于SYNTAX积分的0.750（P＜0.05）。结论：血清GDF-15联合hs-cTnT对冠状动脉旁路移植术后新发房颤及近期主要心血管事件均具有良好的预测效能,值得临床予以重视。     

血清ApoB/ApoA1比值、TG/HDL-C比值、LDH及ALP水平与冠心病患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系及其预测价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨血清载脂蛋白B（ApoB）/载脂蛋白A1（ApoA1）比值、三酰甘油（TG）/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）比值、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）及碱性磷酸酶（ALP）水平与冠心病（CHD）患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系及其预测价值。方法：选取2019年1月-2021年12月因胸痛来我院检查并收治的185例患者,根据检查结果是否为CHD分为CHD组（120例）和对照组（65例）,根据Gensini评分将CHD组分为轻度狭窄亚组36例、中度狭窄亚组55例、重度狭窄亚组29例。入院后检测血清ApoB/ApoA1比值、TG/HDL-C比值、LDH及ALP水平。采用Spearman相关系数分析CHD患者血清ApoB/ApoA1比值、TG/HDL-C比值、LDH、ALP水平与Gensini评分的相关性,采用多因素Logistic回归分析CHD的影响因素;受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清ApoB/ApoA1比值、TG/HDL-C比值、LDH及ALP水平对CHD的预测价值。结果：与对照组比较,CHD组吸烟、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病比例和血清总胆固醇（TC）、TG、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、ApoB、ApoB/ApoA1比值、TG/HDL-C比值、LDH、ALP水平升高,HDL-C、ApoA1水平降低（P＜0.05）。轻度、中度、重度狭窄亚组血清ApoB/ApoA1比值、TG/HDL-C比值、LDH及ALP水平依次升高（P＜0.05）。CHD患者血清ApoB/ApoA1比值、TG/HDL-C比值、LDH、ALP水平与Gensini评分呈正相关（P均＜0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高血压、血清ApoB/ApoA1比值、TG/HDL-C比值、LDH、ALP水平升高为CHD的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,血清ApoB/ApoA1比值、TG/HDL-C比值、LDH及ALP水平联合预测CHD的曲线下面积大于单独预测（P＜0.05）。结论：血清ApoB/ApoA1比值、TG/HDL-C比值、LDH、ALP水平与CHD患者冠状动脉病变严重程度有关,且联合预测CHD的价值较高。     

Enhanced Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein RNA Response to Fornix Transection in Aged Mice

Abstract: The effects of age on basal and lesion-induced changes in astrocyte RNA messages reported to respond to neurodegeneration were examined in the mouse brain. The first study found an age-related increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein RNA throughout the brain. Other astrocyte RNAs remained generally stable with age. We hypothesize this increase is due to astrocytes undergoing a mild reaction to the small amount of synaptic degeneration occurring with usual aging. To test this theory, we used an experimental model of modest synaptic loss in the hippocampus by transecting the fimbria/fornix bundle in mice and examined the same series of messages. In situ hybridization revealed the expected increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein RNA after the lesion; however, we unexpectedly found that aged mice showed a greater magnitude of this response, which appeared to develop more slowly. There was no significant change in the hippocampus for any of the other messages, although responses were observed at the site of transection. This study supports the idea that the age-related increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein may be secondary to modest synaptic degeneration. We also demonstrated an exaggerated reactive astrocytic response in aged mice, which may be associated with age-related deficits in reactive synaptogenesis and behavioral recovery in normal aging.     

Differential Effects of Pratylenchus neglectus Populations on Single and Interplantings of Alfalfa Grasses

The invasion by three different Utah populations of Pratylenchus neglectus (UTI, UT2, UT3) was similar in single and interplantings of ''Lahontan'' alfalfa and ''Fairway'' crested wheatgrass at 24 ñ 3 °C. Population UT3 was more pathogenic than UT1 and UT2 on both alfalfa and crested wheatgrass. Inoculum density was positively correlated with an invasion by P. neglectus. Invasions by UT3 at all initial populations (Pi) exceeded that of UT1 and UT2 for both single and interplanted treatments. The greatest reductions in shoot and root weights of alfalfa and crested wheatgrass were at a Pi of 8 P. neglectus/cm³ soil. Pi was negatively correlated with alfalfa and crested wheatgrass shoot and root growth and nematode reproduction. The reproductive factor (Rf) for UT3 exceeded that of UT1 and UT2 in single and interplantings at all inoculum levels. There were no differences in Rfin the Utah populations in single or interplantings. A nematode invasion increased with temperature and was greatest at 30 °C. Population UT3 was more pathogenic than UT1 and UT2 and reduced shoot and root growth at all soil temperatures. Populations UT1 and UT2 reduced shoot and root growth at 20-30 °C. Soil temperature was negatively correlated with shoot and root growth and positively correlated with nematode reproduction. Reproduction of UT3 exceeded that of UT1 and UT2 at all soil temperatures.