茄子果实相关农艺性状全基因组关联分析研究进展与展望

茄子是重要的园艺作物,也是茄科植物中种植最广泛的蔬菜之一。茄子果实相关农艺性状是一种复杂的数量性状,传统育种选育效率低、周期长。高通量测序技术与生物信息学技术的快速发展,使得全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study, GWAS)在解析茄子果实相关复杂农艺性状的遗传规律方面展现出巨大的应用前景。本文对全基因组关联分析在茄子的果形、果色等果实相关农艺性状中的研究进展进行了综述;针对茄子数量性状遗传研究中普遍存在的“丢失遗传力”(missing heritability)问题,从4个GWAS策略在茄子果实相关农艺性状研究中的应用热点出发,提出了未来茄子GWAS的发展对策;并结合当前茄子遗传改良的实践需求,展望了GWAS策略在茄子分子育种领域的广阔应用前景。本文为今后利用GWAS解析各种茄子果实相关性状的遗传基础以及选育符合消费者需求的果实材料提供了理论依据和参考。     

洗胃法在鳄蜥食性研究中的应用

为了研究洗胃法是否适用于鳄蜥（Shinisaurus crocodilurus）的食性研究,2006年8～9月我们在广东罗坑省级自然保护区,通过投喂食物,然后再冲洗的方法来检验洗胃法的冲洗效果。结果显示洗胃法对成体和亚成体鳄蜥的总洗出率均高于99．30％,食物个体数的洗出率均高于90．83％,投喂的12种食物都能被洗出。观察发现洗胃之后,对鳄蜥的正常生活没有影响。鳄蜥吃进的实验食物中,未洗出的食物大小与鳄蜥的体长、头宽、体重不相关;食物的洗出效率与鳄蜥的体长、头宽、体重不相关。成体、亚成体洗出和未洗出的食物大小均存在显著差异。未被洗出的食物个体在12种食物中不是随机分布的,体积大的食物比体积小的食物容易被洗出。研究表明,洗胃法适用于鳄蜥的食性研究,并且效果较好。     

从宏基因组学切入探讨老年性阴道炎阴道微生态的微观整体性

老年性阴道炎是女性绝经后的常见病、多发病,西医认为该病的病因为绝经后或长期闭经后雌激素水平降低,阴道微生态失衡。宏基因组学是近年出现的菌群整体性检测方法,采用宏基因组学技术检测老年性阴道的微观整体状况,将为本病中医证型及疗效评定提供客观精确的量化标准。     

灵芝超微粉与普通粉薄层色谱及多糖含量对比研究

目的：比较灵芝超微粉与普通粉的薄层色谱及多糖含量差异。方法：利用薄层色谱法对灵芝药材超微粉与普通粉进行定性鉴别;用紫外-可见分光光度法测定多糖含量。结果：灵芝超微粉TLC色谱斑点较普通粉的色谱斑点深,超微粉多糖含量为2.9782%,普通粉多糖含量为0.7092%,超微粉较普通粉提高到4倍以上。结论：首次对灵芝超微粉与普通粉的薄层色谱及多糖含量进行对比研究,为有效控制灵芝超微粉的质量及深度研究提供依据。     

辽河三角洲滨海湿地景观规划各预案对指示物种生境适宜性的影响

运用景观生态决策与评价支持系统（LEDESS）对辽河三角洲的3个景观规划预案,即湿地调整,生境管理和农业开发可能导致的地表覆盖物,自然生态单元等立地环境以及保护物种生境适宜性等区域生态后果进行了评估,并与现状进行了对比,模拟结果表明,预案A通过湿地调整措施不仅补偿了芦苇湿地的损失,还将部分不适宜生境和边境生境转变核心生境,相当程度上优化了保护物种丹顶鹤和黑嘴鸥的生境质量,预案B通过一系列生境管理措施,减轻了生境破碎化因素的影响,从而也显著改善了丹顶鹤生境质量,对黑嘴鸥生境质量也有一定改善,预宁C大规模农业开发如能控制一定规模（8000hm2)并采取一定合理模式（滚动开发）,能相当程度上减轻农业开发对物种生境的影响,即使不采取生境补偿措施,对丹顶鹤,黑嘴鸥核心生境也不会有破坏性的影响,模拟结果还表明,区域人类活动导致的生境破碎化是对丹顶鹤生境质量重要的干扰因子,而滩涂农业开发和水产养殖强烈地干扰了涂植被正常的演替过程,从而影响着黑嘴鸥等滩涂鸟类的生境适宜性。     

辽河三角洲湿地以丹顶鹤生境保护为核心的退耕预案研究

在遥感 (RS)和地理信息系统 (GIS)的支持下 ,结合野外实地调查 ,运用预案研究方法和景观生态决策与评价支持系统(L EDESS)的决策与规划评价思想 ,针对辽河三角洲大洼小三角洲部分的过度农业开发对野生动物生境的严重影响后果 ,对本区土地利用规划进行了以丹顶鹤生境保护为核心的退耕预案设计 ,并对其生态后果进行了空间模拟和评价。根据不同的经济和生态发展要求设计了 4个预案 ,分别为 1988年原状 (预案 1)、1998年原状 (预案 2 )、苇带设计 (预案 3)和生境恢复 (预案 4 ) ,通过对各预案进行生境适宜性、生态承载力及经济效益评价 ,可以得到以下结论 :预案 1尽管生态效益很高 ,但经济效益很低 ,在区域发展需求下由现状年恢复到预案 1具有不现实性 ;而预案 2为强烈经济需求下的典型发展模式 ,生态效益偏低 ,与经济效益的比例失调 ;预案 3和预案 4为生态与经济的协调发展模式及丹顶鹤生境恢复提供了有效参考 ,可将其视为近期和远期规划目标分步实施。这说明合理的土地开发利用方式和生境恢复措施不仅可以获得经济的高效发展 ,而且还可为稳定的生态环境提供有力保障 ,从而为区域经济与环境的协调发展提供参考性依据 ,具有一定的典型性     

High-throughput screening of bacteriorhodopsin mutants in whole cell pastes

A high-throughput screening method has been developed which enables functional analysis of bacteriorhodpsin in whole cell pastes. Reflectance spectra, from as little as 5 ml of Halobacterium salinarum cells, show close correspondence to that obtained from the purified purple membrane (PM), containing bacteriorhodopsin (BR) as the sole protein component. We demonstrate accurate quantification of BR accumulation by ratiometric analysis of BR (A_max 568) and a membrane-bound cytochrome (A_max 410). In addition, ground-state light- and dark-adapted (LA and DA, respectively) spectral differences were determined with high accuracy and precision. Using cells expressing the BR mutant D85N, we monitored transitions between intermediate-state homologues of the reprotonation phase of the light-activated proton pumping mechanism. We demonstrate that phenotypes of three mutants (D85N/T170C, D85N/D96N, and D85N/R82Q) previously characterized for their effect on photocycle transitions are reproduced in the whole cell samples. D85N/T170C stabilizes accumulation of the N state while D85N/D96N accumulates no N state. D85N/R82Q was found to have perturbed the pK_a of M accumulation. These studies illustrate the correspondence between pH-dependent ground-state transitions accessed by D85N and the transitions accessed by the wild-type protein following photoexcitation. We demonstrate that whole cell reflectance spectroscopy can be used to efficiently characterize the large numbers of mutants generated by engineering strategies that exploit saturation mutagenesis.     

酸沉降对森林生态系统影响的研究现状及展望

酸沉降影响下物质循环及其不平衡研究;酸沉降对土壤理化性质的影响;森林水化学方面的研究;酸沉降下重金属的活化研究;酸沉降对植物生长的影响研究;酸沉降和气候变化对森林的影响;模拟酸雨对土壤理化性质和植物生长的影响;酸沉降下土壤风化问题的研究;运用模型对酸化问题的研究;森林土壤人为和自然的酸化;酸沉降临界负荷的研究;酸沉降和其它污染物对植物的联合影响;酸化土壤恢复研究等方面介绍了酸沉降对森林生态系统影响的研究现状,并阐明了今后研究的方向及应该注意的问题。     

Ultrastructural and hormonal changes in rat cauda epididymal spermatozoa induced by Boswellia papyrifera and Boswellia carterii

Boswellia papyrifera and Boswellia carterii diffuses smoke polluting air that adversely affects indoor environment that certainly harm human health. Therefore, this study aims at ascertaining the effect of these plants on gonadal hormones and molecular changes in rat spermatozoa. The animals were exposed to 4 g/kg body weight of B. papyrifera and B. carterii daily for 120 days along with suitable controls. Significant decreases in FSH, LH and testosterone levels were evidenced, along with a reduction of protein, sialic acid, and carnitine levels. In sperm physiology, sperm count, motility, speed decrease, whereas sperm anomalies increase. TEM observation indicates morphological changes in plasma and acrosomal membranes, cytoplasmic droplet in the tail region, vacuolated, and disorganization of the mitochondrial sheath. These findings demonstrate that B. papyrifera and B. carterii smoke affects the process of sperm formation and maturation, which indicates the detrimental effects of these plants on the reproductive system.     

Is CD36 gene polymorphism in region encoding lipid-binding domain associated with early onset CAD?

CD36 is a fatty acid translocase in striated muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. Some study suggested that alterations in CD36 gene may be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. The aim of the current study was to compare the frequency of CD36 variants in region encoding lipid-binding domain in Caucasian patients with early-onset CAD, no-CAD adult controls and neonates. The study group comprised 100 patients with early onset CAD. The genetic control groups were 306 infants and 40 no-CAD adults aged over 70 years. Exons 4, 5 and 6 including fragments of flanking introns were studied using the denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography technique and direct sequencing. Changes detected in analyzed fragment of CD36: IVS3-6 T/C (rs3173798), IVS4-10 G/A (rs3211892), C311T (Thr104Ile, not described so far) in exon 5, G550A (Asp184Asn, rs138897347), C572T (Pro191Leu, rs143150225), G573A (Pro191Pro, rs5956) and A591T (Thr197Thr, rs141680676) in exon 6. No significant differences in the CD36 genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies were found between the three groups. Only borderline differences (p = 0.066) were found between early onset CAD patients and newborns in the frequencies of 591T allele (2.00% vs 0.50%) and CGCGCGT haplotype (2.00% vs 0.50%) with both IVS3-6C and 591T variant alleles. In conclusion, CD36 variants: rs3173798, rs3211892, rs138897347, rs5956, rs143150225 rs141680676 and C311T do not seem to be involved in the risk of early-onset CAD in Caucasian population.