瑞士西部农田周围生态保留带中小型兽类种群结构特征及数量动态的初步研究

为了评价生态保留带对小型兽类种群的影响,2003年7月至2004年6月在瑞士西部Salavaux,chevmux和Montbrelloz 3个地区采用标志重捕方法对小型兽类种群进行了研究。在3个生态保留带中,共发现6种1206只小型兽类,其中普通田鼠、小林姬鼠、中麝晌捕获数量多。普通田鼠为优势种。普通田鼠的种群数量在生态保留带间有差异,但具有相同的季节性波动趋势,一般种群数量随着植被覆盖度和食物丰富度的增加,春季末开始出现增加,仲夏达到最高水平。种群中雌雄个体年龄结构之间有明显的差异,成体和亚成体的数量比幼体多,雄性亚成体的数量比雌性多,雌性成体数量比雄性多（X^2=44．09,df=10,P〈0．001,N=203）。普通田鼠种群中雌雄个体体重之间有明显的差异,雄性的体重比雌性大（t一检验：t=5．011,df=162,P〈0．05,N=213）。种群性比之间有明显的月间变化,雌性的捕获次数比雄性大。普通田鼠只在短距离范围内活动,在生态保留带中的巢区为350～400m^2,雌雄个体的巢区大小之间没有显著性差异。     

整合子在临床致感染菌基因中的分布分析

目的检测哈尔滨医科大学二院常见致感染菌基因中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类整合子的分布情况。方法对收集的86株常见致感染菌进行药敏试验,并进行聚合酶链反应（PCR）,观察扩增产物的片段长度。结果86株细菌中Ⅰ类整合子阳性有40株,占46．5％,Ⅱ类整合子阳性有7株,占8.1％,尚：来发现Ⅲ类整合子。整合子阳性菌表现出对β-内酰胺类、喹诺酮类等的多重耐药。结论利用PCR能够快速检测出细菌整合子携带情况,整合子与细菌耐药性密切相关,常引起多重耐药。     

两种鲤鱼胰凝乳蛋白酶原基因的电子克隆及分析

为研究胰凝乳蛋白酶原在鱼类中的生理功能和作用机制,利用生物信息学的方法,成功获得了鲤鱼两种胰凝乳蛋白酶原的cDNA序列(ccCHTR1和ccCHTR2)并对其进行序列分析。结果显示,ccCHTR1 cDNA含有792 bp的开放阅读框,编码263个氨基酸;ccCHTR2 cDNA含有798 bp的开放阅读框,编码265个氨基酸。二者氨基端均含有18个氨基酸组成的信号肽,同时,在成熟肽的第15和16个氨基酸(R-I)之间存在一个切割位点。氨基酸比对结果显示,ccCHTR1和ccCHTR2具备胰凝乳蛋白酶原的保守结构特征,同时二者有72.8%的同源性,且都与斑马鱼有最高的同源性,分别是93.3%和73.5%。进化分析显示,二者分别与斑马鱼和鳕鱼亲缘关系最近,与哺乳动物的亲缘关系较远。     

Has increased provision of treatment reduced the prevalence of common mental disorders? Review of the evidence from four countries

Many people identified as having common mental disorders in community surveys do not receive treatment. Modelling has suggested that closing this “treatment gap” should reduce the population prevalence of those disorders. To evaluate the effects of reducing the treatment gap in industrialized countries, data from 1990 to 2015 were reviewed from four English‐speaking countries: Australia, Canada, England and the US. These data show that the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders and symptoms has not decreased, despite substantial increases in the provision of treatment, particularly antidepressants. Several hypotheses for this lack of improvement were considered. There was no support for the hypothesis that reductions in prevalence due to treatment have been masked by increases in risk factors. However, there was little evidence relevant to the hypothesis that improvements have been masked by increased reporting of symptoms because of greater public awareness of common mental disorders or willingness to disclose. A more strongly supported hypothesis for the lack of improvement is that much of the treatment provided does not meet the minimal standards of clinical practice guidelines and is not targeted optimally to those in greatest need. Lack of attention to prevention of common mental disorders may also be a factor. Reducing the prevalence of common mental disorders remains an unsolved challenge for health systems globally, which may require greater attention to the “quality gap” and “prevention gap”. There is also a need for nations to monitor outcomes by using standardized measures of service provision and mental disorders over time.     

烟草数量性状遗传距离与杂种优势关系的研究

利用8个数量性状计算了主成分遗传距离,对15个烟草品种进行了聚类,在4.37的阀值下可将15个亲本分为5大类,分类结果与品种地理来源无必然的联系,而与品种的血缘关系有一定的联系,可将烤烟和晒晾烟分开,在一定程度上反映了品种的遗传差异。F1产量杂种优势指数(F1/MP）与亲本间遗传距离（D2）相关系数不显著,二者呈抛物线关系。在D2<5.63的范围内,二者呈一直线关系,二者相关系数为0.511**,达极显著水平,在此范围内随D2增大,优势指数增大,杂种优势增大,当D2>5.63时,亲本间D2增大,优势指数呈下降趋势。建议在杂种优势利用中选择遗传距离中等偏小的品种做亲本。 Abstract:Fifteen tobacco parental cultivars of 24 hybrids were classified into five groups on 4.37 clustering level by the genetic distance calculated on 8 agronomic quantitative characters. The relative cultivars were clustered into the same group. The result of correlation analysis showed that there was a parabola relationship between genetic distance (D2)and yield heterosis (F1/Mp). WhenD2<5.63, the correlative coefficient was significant(r=0.511**), and the heterosis increased with the increasing of genetic distance. When D2>5.63, the heterosis decreased with the increasing of genetic distance. Therefore, in order to obtain higher heterosis of yield in tobacco, it might be better to choose cultivars with small to medium genetic distance as crossing parents.     

普通小麦×栽培大麦杂种体细胞无性繁殖系建立

取小大麦杂种幼穗在含有2,4-D 2mg/l的N_6培养基上诱导出愈伤组织。在继代培养中不断产生胚状体和再生植株。经过筛选,N_6+KT1.0mg/l+IBA0.5mg/l和N_6+KT1.0mg/l+ZT0.1mg/l,为较好的继代分化培养基。培养近三年,继代23次,仍具有增殖分化能力。小植株移入土中均能成活及正常生长。     

Serum LH,progesterone and estradiol-17β levels throughout the ovarian cycle,during the early stage of pregnancy and after the parturition and the abortion in the common marmoset,Callithrix jacchus

In the ovarian cycle of common marmosets, serum progesterone began to increase at two to three days after estradiol-17β or LH surge, attained a peak of 25–70 ng/ml and then declined to a level of under 2 ng/ml before the ensuing rise in estradiol-17β and LH. Serum estradiol-17β increased to 700–5,500 pg/ml during the luteal phase, synchronizing with progesterone. It is suggested that the corpus luteum secreted estradiol-17β as well as progesterone. The cycle length as determined from the interval between successive LH surges was approximately 28 days. During the luteal phase, the levels of progesterone and estradiol-17β were higher than in Old World monkeys and women, but marmosets were not accompanied by any clinical symptoms due to excessive progesterone and estradiol-17β. This suggests that such unresponsiveness to progesterone and estradiol-17β in marmosets reflects the small amount of estradiol-17β receptor and presumably also the lower function of the post receptor system. Recovery of the post-partum ovarian cycle in two marmosets differed from that observed in Old World monkeys and women. The first LH surge was found on the ninth and tenth day after parturition and the first ovulation led to the next pregnancy. This suggests that the suckling stimulus of newborns in the common marmoset does not cause any delay in recovery of the ovarian cycle. In three cases of abortion, the recovery of the ovarian cycle was almost the same as that in the case of normal parturition: the first LH surge appeared on the 10th, 14th, and 34th day after abortion.     

阿勃小麦缺体及其细胞学研究

通过阿勃单体自交分离缺体其频率为0.03—5.75%,缺体结实率0—81.65%,所获18个缺体系平均结实率31.24%。在减数分裂中,1B、1D、2A、2D、4B、4D、5A、6A、6B、6D、7A和7B缺体有90%以上的细胞为2n=20",1.65—10.00%的细胞为2n=19"+2',自交后代96%以上为缺体;5D、1A和3A缺体分别有97.55%、16.67%、10.28%的细胞为2n=19"+2',5B、3D和3B缺体除了分别有92.55%、26.98%、25.58%的细胞为2n=19"+2'外,还有少数细胞游离4个至更多的单价体,但这些缺体系自交后代的缺体株率仍为90%左右。