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81.
Abstract In this study, four species of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) are recorded for the first time from Turkey. The material is deposited in the Biology Department of the Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. 相似文献
82.
Simone Fattorini Agnese Sciotti Patrizio Tratzi Andrea Di Giulio 《Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research》2013,51(4):279-286
The most pervasive macroecological patterns concern (1) the frequency distribution of range size, (2) the relationship between range size and species abundance and (3) the effect of body size on range size. We investigated these patterns at a regional scale using the tenebrionid beetles of Latium (Central Italy). For this, we calculated geographical range size (no. of 10‐km square cells), ecological tolerance (no. of phytoclimatic units) and abundance (no. of sampled individuals) using a large database containing 3561 georeferenced records for 84 native species. For each species, we also calculated body mass and its ‘phylogenetic diversity’ on the basis of cladistic relationships. Frequency distribution of range size followed a log‐normal distribution as found in many other animal groups. However, a log‐normal distribution accommodated well the frequency distribution of ecological tolerance, a so far unexplored issue. Range size was correlated with abundance and ecological tolerance, thus supporting the hypothesis that a positive correlation between distribution and abundance is a reflection of interspecific differences in ecological specialization. Larger species tended to have larger ranges and broader ecological tolerance. However, contrary to what known in most vertebrates, not only small‐sized, but also many medium‐to‐large‐sized species exhibited great variability in their range size, probably because tenebrionids are not so strictly influenced by body size constraints (e.g. home ranges) as vertebrates. Moreover, in contrast to other animals, tenebrionid body size does not influence species abundances, probably because these detritivorous animals are not strongly regulated by competition. Finally, contrary to the assumption that rare species should be mainly found among lineages that split from basal nodes, rarity of a tenebrionid species was not influenced by the phylogenetic position of its tribe. However, lineages that split from more basal nodes had lower variability in terms of species geographical distribution, ecological tolerance and abundance, which suggests that lineages that split from more basal nodes are not only morphologically conservative but also tend to have an ecological ‘inertia’. 相似文献
83.
台湾和日本处在不同的地理纬度上,同属岛屿海洋性气候,前者地域面积远小于后者,拟步甲的物种多样性却大于后者。为弄清楚这些科学问题,作者采用G-F指数对从台湾到日本不同纬度梯度上的拟步甲多样性分布格局进行了比较分析,得到如下初步结论:(1) G-F指数从大到小依次是:台湾(21°N-25°N)(0.826)>日本(24°N-45°N)(0.824)>日本Ⅱ纬度区(30°N-35°N)(0.792)>日本Ⅰ纬度区(24°N-30°N)(0.765)>日本Ⅲ纬度区(35°N-40°N)(0.761)>日本Ⅳ纬度区(40°N-45°N)(0.603);(2)台湾拟步甲属的多样性(DG)、族的多样性(DF)和G-F指数(DG-F)均最高,分别是4.263、24.464和0.826;(3)各纬度上拟步甲的物种分布情况:台湾(21°N-25°N)(541种)>日本(24°N-45°N)(489种)>日本Ⅰ纬度区(24°N-30°N)(257种)>日本Ⅱ纬度区(30° N-35° N)(231种)>日本Ⅲ纬度区(35° N-40° N)(172种)>日本Ⅳ纬度区(40° N-45° N)(60种)。研究数据显示, G-F指数能较好地反映台湾和日本各地拟步甲族、属的多样性。其物种多样性在纬度上的分布表现为从南向北递减的趋势,并对其基本原因进行分析。作者首次基于台湾和日本两个岛屿拟步甲物种多样性的比较分析,对现有岛屿生物多样性的有关理论提出个人看法,认为岛屿生物地理学的“物种-面积关系理论”中的“岛屿面积越大,物种数量就越多”可能存在一定的局限性,不一定能客观地反映种类众多的现生岛屿昆虫物种多样性的实际情况。 相似文献
84.
Morio Higaki 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2016,159(3):338-346
Many researchers have studied the relationship between masting by trees and seed predation by insects. Most of these studies have been plant centered, with little focus on the insect perspective. To estimate the effect of mast seeding on insect seed predators, the life‐history traits of these insects must also be considered because some seed insects can survive lean years by prolonged diapause. In this study, I examined larval infestation of acorns and life‐history traits of the acorn weevil, Curculio robustus (Roelofs) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in relation to acorn production of the deciduous oak Quercus acutissima Carruthers (Fagaceae) in a coppice stand in central Japan in 2004–2009. Curculio robustus females oviposit into Q. acutissima acorns, inside which the larvae develop. Mature larvae leave acorns and burrow into the soil, where they overwinter. Although germination did occur in acorns infested by weevil larvae, the percentage of germination was lower in acorns damaged by many larvae. Acorn production in Q. acutissima varied considerably among years. Both the number of C. robustus larvae infesting acorns and the percentage of acorns infested were affected by the amount of acorns produced by Q. acutissima, and two successive lean years appeared to have a considerable impact on C. robustus population size. Consequently, only a small fraction of the acorns produced were lost to predation in a mast year after two successive lean years. However, C. robustus could survive the two successive lean years because of prolonged larval diapause, probably leading to a marked decrease in population size. These findings suggest that masting in Q. acutissima succeeds as a predator satiation strategy in response to acorn damage by C. robustus, and that C. robustus has developed prolonged diapause as a counter‐adaptation. 相似文献
85.
86.
Aim of this study was to investigate the presence and distribution of Hydraenidae in relation to selected abiotic parameters in a single, uniform riffle of the Caramagna Stream (northwestern Italy). Six species belonging to the genus of Hydraena Kugelann, 1794 were found (H. andreinii D'Orchymont, 1934, H. subimpressa Rey, 1885, H. assimilis Rey, 1885, H. heterogyna Bedel, 1898, H. truncata Rey, 1884 and H. devillei Ganglbauer, 1901), with evident niche preferences. Our study provided interesting information about ecological requirements of minute moss beetles at small-scale and evidenced that maintaining elevate habitat diversity is essential to preserve high species abundance at local scale. 相似文献
87.
88.
《Journal of Asia》2019,22(4):1173-1179
Body size in insects is coupled with numerous physiological, life-history and ecological traits. Its variation along temperature gradient is widely studied. However, information regarding variations in body size of insects along altitudinal gradient is limited. Present study was designed considering hypothesis that there would be an increase in body size of Parthenium beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with increasing altitude and decreasing in temperature. To achieve the objectives, beetles were collected from three eco-climatic zones of NEPAL [Kathmandu (1400 mts, 24 °C; warm temperate zone), Chitwan (415 mts, 25 °C; upper tropical/sub-tropical zone), and Mahendranagar (229 mts, 34 °C; humid subtropical zone)], and one of INDIA [Varanasi (81 mts, 36 °C; humid subtropical zone)] for their morphometric analysis (body length and body biomass). Results revealed that the size of beetles in all eco-climatic zones increased with increasing altitude and decreasing temperature. While adults of Kathmandu were largest, followed by Chitwan and Mahendranagar, but those of Varanasi were smallest in size. The sex ratio was female-biased in Kathmandu and Varanasi, but was male-biased in Chitwan and Mahendranagar. Irrespective of temperature and altitude, females were larger than males in all eco-climatic zones. Our results affirmed our hypothesis and were in compliance with Bergmann’s rule. The findings may be helpful in understanding phenotypic plasticity and distribution pattern of Z. bicolorata adults in Indian sub-continent under global climate change scenario. 相似文献
89.
《Journal of Asia》2022,25(1):101851
The genus Chlorophila Semenow, 1891 is reviewed with all known eight species worldwide in this present paper. Two new species, Chlorophila carinadorsum sp. n. and Chlorophila longicornia sp. n. are described. Four known species are described again from freshly collected specimens. The diagnostic characters of, and a key to all known eight species are provided.www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8DFE3353-9B83-4950-ACE9-918A42017C56. 相似文献
90.
Suzanne T.E. Lommen Kees G. Koops Bardo A. Cornelder Peter W. de Jong Paul M. Brakefield 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2019,167(7):636-645
Augmentative biological control by predaceous ladybird beetles can be improved by using flightless morphs, which have longer residence times on the host plants. The two‐spot ladybird beetle, Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is used for the biological control of aphids in greenhouses and on urban trees. Flightlessness due to truncated wings occurs at very low frequency in some natural populations of A. bipunctata. Pure‐breeding strains of this 'wingless' genotype of A. bipunctata can easily be obtained in the laboratory. Such strains have not been commercialized yet due to concerns about their reduced fitness compared to wild‐type strains, which renders mass production more expensive. Wingless strains exhibit, however, wide intra‐population phenotypic variation in the extent of wing truncation which is related to fitness traits. We here use classical quantitative genetic techniques to study the heritability and genetic architecture of variation in wing truncation in a wingless strain of A. bipunctata. Split‐families reared at one of two temperatures revealed strong family‐by‐temperature interaction: heritability was estimated as 0.64 ± 0.09 at 19 °C and 0.29 ± 0.06 at 29 °C. Artificial selection in opposite directions at 21 °C demonstrated that the degree of wing truncation can be altered within a few generations resulting in wingless phenotypes without any wing tissue (realized h2 = 0.72), as well as those with minimal truncations (realized h2 = 0.61) in two replicates. The latter lines produced more than twice as many individuals. This indicates that selective breeding of wing truncation may be exploited to improve mass rearing of flightless strains of A. bipunctata for commercial biological control. Our work illustrates that cryptic variation can also be a source for the selective breeding of natural enemies. 相似文献