高皂苷轮叶党参EMS诱变突变体研究

以轮叶党参为材料,采用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理离体叶片和愈伤组织对轮叶党参进行诱变,选择最佳诱变组合,并对诱变再生群体进行遗传分析。结果表明:(1)轮叶党参叶片和愈伤组织经EMS处理的存活率和分化率均低于对照,并且随EMS浓度的升高和处理时间的延长而下降。(2)叶片和愈伤组织的致死处理组合分别是0.4%EMS处理4h和0.3%EMS处理4h,半致死组合分别为0.3%EMS处理2h和0.2%EMS处理2h,愈伤组织是EMS诱变轮叶党参的的最佳材料。(3)筛选出的6号变异株皂苷含量为5.061mg/g,较对照平均值提高了5.48%。(4)对诱变再生苗进行遗传分析,8个特异引物对10个供试材料共扩增出59条带,具有多态性的谱带数为44条,占74.6%。材料间的相似系数变化范围0.453～0.912,其中3号、7号株与其他8株达到了品种间遗传差异。研究认为,EMS处理可应用于轮叶党参无性变异系的诱变,3号、6号、7号植株为诱变产生的具有较高皂苷含量的初选植株。     

白芍传统品种原植物遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析

为探讨白芍原植物各居群间的遗传多样性及亲缘关系,本实验应用RAPD技术,使用40条随机引物对10个白芍原植物居群的叶片总DNA进行PCR扩增。结果表明：白芍10个原植物居群间具有较丰富的遗传多样性,多态率达63．以％。由结合线L＝0．7975可将10个居群划分为6组,原植物为芍药(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)的6个居群中有4个居群集中在第3组,显示了种内遗传关系的相似性,其中川白芍(芍药)花色有变,同时雄蕊有部分辨化的现象,与野生种(韩城芍药)有较远的遗传关系;山东荷泽居群雄蕊全部瓣化,种质可能来自于观赏芍药突变体,在遗传关系上与芍药的其他居群有一定的距离。原植物为毛果芍药[P.lactiflora var.trichocarpa (Bunge) Stern]的4个居群中,杭白芍粉红花居群和白花居群独立成一组,与形态分类的结果一致。芍药及其变种毛果芍药的遗传关系非常近,但是有交叉。因此形态分类和遗传关系应综合考虑,作为种下分类单位的确定也应慎重。     

Identification and quantification of C21 steroidal saponins from Radix Cynanchi Atrati by high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection and electrospray mass spectrometric detection

High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MS) and evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD), respectively, has been performed for the simultaneous identification and quantification of six C(21) steroid saponins, including cynanversicoside A, B, D, G, glaucoside C and glaucogenin C-3-O-beta-d-thevetopyranoside in Radix Cynanchi Atrati. The extraction of the C(21) steroidal saponins was performed using a B-811 Buchi Universal Extraction System in Warm Solvent Mode, and the analyte was concentrated by column chromatography before HPLC analysis. The chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent Zorbax Extend C(18) analytical column efficiently using gradient elution with acetonitrile and water. The method was validated with acceptable linearities (r > 0.9991) and recoveries (98.2-101.3%). The limits of detection of the C(21) steroid saponins were from 0.2 microg for glaucogenin C-3-O-beta-d-thevetopyranoside to 0.5 microg for cynanversicoside B. The intra- and inter-day precisions of the method were evaluated and were less than 5.0%. The method was successfully used to analyse 20 batches of Radix Cynanchi Atrati. The content of C(21) steroid saponins in the plant material varied significantly from habitat to habitat, confirming the necessity to control the quality of Radix Cynanchi Atrati during its preparation and application in the clinic.     

Separation, structure characterization, conformation and immunomodulating effect of a hyperbranched heteroglycan from Radix Astragali

A water soluble polysaccharide (RAP) was isolated and purified from Radix Astragali and its structure was elucidated by monosaccharide composition, partial acid hydrolysis and methylation analysis, and further supported by FT-IR, GC-MS and ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra, SEM and AFM microscopy. Its average molecular weight was 1334 kDa. It was composed of Rha, Ara, Glc, Gal and GalA in a molar ratio of 0.03:1.00:0.27:0.36:0.30. The backbone consisted of 1,2,4-linked Rhap, α-1,4-linked Glcp, α-1,4-linked GalAp6Me, β-1,3,6-linked Galp, with branched at O-4 of the 1,2,4-linked Rhap and O-3 or O-4 of β-1,3,6-linked Galp. The side chains mainly consisted of α-T-Araf and α-1,5-linked Araf with O-3 as branching points, having trace Glc and Gal. The terminal residues were T-linked Araf, T-linked Glcp and T-linked Galp. Morphology analysis showed that RAP took random coil feature. RAP exhibited significant immunomodulating effects by stimulating the proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and enhancing its interleukin production.     

Pollen Morphology of the Platycodonoid Group (Campanulaceae s. str.) and Its Systematic Implications

In this study, we examined the pollen morphology of the platycodonoid group in Campanulaceae s. str. using a scanning electronic microscope. We used pollen grains of 25 accessions representing 24 species of the Codonopsis complex (including Campanumoea, Cyclocodon, Leptocodon, and all three subgenera of Codonopsis), which is extremely controversial among authors for taxonomic treatment. Pollen morphology of all the other genera in the group observed by previous authors is taken into account in our discussion. A total of nine pollen types with two subtypes in the group were recognized and named for the first time. Molecular and morphological data imply that each pollen type corresponds to a natural group at generic level, and thus the mergence of Leptocodon with Codonopsis and the restoration of Cyclocodon as a separate genus are justifiable, and Codonopsis subg. Pseudocodonopsis, subg. Obconicicapsula, and two species of Codonopsis subg. Codonopsis (C. purpurea and C. chimiliensis) may be better classified as three independent genera separate from the core Codonopsis.     

磁处理党参药液对小鼠血液生理功能影响的研究

目的:观察小白鼠饮食磁处理党参药液后对血液功能的影响。方法:用血球计数仪测定白细胞数(WBC)、红细胞数(RBC)、血红蛋白浓度(HGB)及血小板数(PLT) ,采用比较法比较正常对照组、非磁处理党参药液组与磁处理党参药液组对小白鼠血液功能的影响。结果:与正常对照组比较,磁处理党参药液组白细胞数差异不显著(p >0 .0 5 ) ,红细胞数、血红蛋白浓度显著提高,差异极显著(p <0 .0 1) ,血小板数0 .2 5T药液组达差异显著(p <0 .0 5 ) ,0 .1T药液组差异不显著;与非磁处理药液组比较,磁处理党参药液组白细胞数差异不显著(p >0 .0 5 ) ,而红细胞数、血红蛋白浓度及0 .2 5T血小板数均有提高,差异极显著(p <0 .0 1) ,0 .1T药液组血小板数差异不显著(p >0 .0 5 )。结论:磁处理党参药液对血细胞数变化有明显作用。     

生川乌中生物碱成分含量随煎煮时间变化的研究

本文研究乌头中生物碱成分的含量随煎煮时间变化的趋势,为考查乌头类中药的毒性,提供定量指标.按不同时间水煎提取样品;分别采用容量法、比色法和薄层扫描法测定总生物碱、双酯性生物碱和乌头碱的含量.生川乌醇水双提总生物碱含量最高,水提样品中以煎煮4 h较高;生川乌醇水双提酯性生物碱含量最高,水提样品中以煎煮2 h为最高,比双提酯性生物碱含量低;生川乌醇水双提乌头碱含量最高,水提样品中以煎煮2h为最高,比双提乌头碱含量低.为乌头类中药的毒性研究提供了详细的参考指标.     

雷公藤的开发利用与引种驯化栽培技术

本文探讨了福建道地药材雷公藤的开发利用前途,并介绍了野生雷公藤引种驯化栽培技术.     

Divergence of gastropod life history in contrasting thermal environments in a geothermal lake

Experiments using natural populations have provided mixed support for thermal adaptation models, probably because the conditions are often confounded with additional environmental factors like seasonality. The contrasting geothermal environments within Lake Mývatn, northern Iceland, provide a unique opportunity to evaluate thermal adaptation models using closely located natural populations. We conducted laboratory common garden and field reciprocal transplant experiments to investigate how thermal origin influences the life history of Radix balthica snails originating from stable cold (6 °C), stable warm (23 °C) thermal environments or from areas with seasonal temperature variation. Supporting thermal optimality models, warm‐origin snails survived poorly at 6 °C in the common garden experiment and better than cold‐origin and seasonal‐origin snails in the warm habitat in the reciprocal transplant experiment. Contrary to thermal adaptation models, growth rate in both experiments was highest in the warm populations irrespective of temperature, indicating cogradient variation. The optimal temperatures for growth and reproduction were similar irrespective of origin, but cold‐origin snails always had the lowest performance, and seasonal‐origin snails often performed at an intermediate level compared to snails originating in either stable environment. Our results indicate that central life‐history traits can differ in their mode of evolution, with survival following the predictions of thermal optimality models, whereas ecological constraints have shaped the evolution of growth rates in local populations.