研究生基因克隆与功能分析课程教学方式的探索与实践

基因工程是现代生物技术的重要核心。基因克隆与功能分析是生物化学与分子生物学专业硕士研究生的专业主干课,在生物技术人才的培养过程中起着重要的作用。时代的发展对研究生基因克隆与功能分析课程的教学模式提出了新的要求。本文探讨了翻转课堂教学法、研讨式教学法、案例式教学法、问题导向学习教学法、任务驱动教学法在研究生基因克隆与功能分析教学中的综合运用,以期提高人才培养质量。     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒内蒙分离物RNA3序列分析及编码25kD蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

以甜菜坏死黄脉病毒（ＢＮＹＶＶ）内蒙分离物的总ＲＮＡ为模板,通过反转录－ＰＣＲ扩增获得ＢＮＹＶＶＲＮＡ３全长ｃＤＮＡ。将其克隆到ｐＧＥＭ－７Ｚｆ（＋）上,得到重组质粒ｐＧＢＹ５６。序列分析结果表明,内蒙分离物ＲＮＡ３基因组全长为１７７５ｎｔ,其中包含３个开放阅读框架,分别编码２５ｋＤ蛋白、４．６ｋＤ蛋白和一种由５９个氨基酸组成的Ｎ蛋白。与法国Ｆ２分离物、德国Ｇ１分离物和日本Ｓ分离物相比,其核苷酸序列的同源性分别为９６．４％、９６．８％和９７．３％。将２５ｋＤ蛋白编码基因克隆到ｐＪＷ２上,构建了该基因的原核表达载体。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｉｎｇ分析结果表明,２５ｋＤ蛋白基因在Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）中经温度（４２℃）诱导后,可特异地表达２５ｋＤ蛋白     

小鼠SFA DNA片段的克隆

本工作将富集小鼠着丝粒DNA克隆于载体EMBL3,得到约2000个克隆,建立了着丝粒基因文库。从中随机挑取20个克隆,鉴定其克隆片段平均分子量大小约为14kb。     

Analysis and comparison of the bacterial community in fermented grains during the fermentation for two different styles of Chinese liquor

Bacterial populations in fermented grains during fermentation may play important roles in Chinese liquor flavor. PCR-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA gene library analysis were performed to analyze the bacterial community structure of two styles of liquor. The results of DGGE profiles showed that bacterial diversity decreased with the fermentation process and Lactobacillus acetotolerans became the predominant species at the end of the fermentation. But the obvious differences of bacterial community appeared in the middle stage of two styles of liquor fermentation, in which the different upstream production techniques were used. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene libraries of two styles were constructed. A total of 125 and 107 clones, chosen from two libraries, were grouped into 46 and 49 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. According to sequencing results of clones, the predominant bacteria in strong aroma style fermented grains were those from the class Bacilli, Bacteroidetes, and Clostridia, whereas the predominant bacteria in fermented grains of roasted sesame aroma style belonged to Bacilli, Flavobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria. Molecular analysis of the bacterial diversity of the liquor fermentation will benefit the analysis of important microorganisms playing key roles in the formation of liquor flavor components.     

食管癌病人运铁蛋白(Tf)和组特异性成份(Gc)亚型分布的研究

应用超薄层聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳法, 分析了潮汕地区216例无血缘关系、临床上诊断为食管癌的病人和216例健康人的运铁蛋白(Tf)亚型分布情况, 结果发现:食管癌病人组TfC1C1纯合子频率为0.2639,Tf*Cl基因频率为0.4745,显著低于正常人组(分别为0.4352和0.6227,均为P<0.0 01);同时,食管癌病人组TfC2C2纯合子频率为0.2278,Tf*C2基因频率为0. 4977,显著高于正常对照组(分别为0.1852,P<0.05,和0.3634,P<0.001)。应用超薄层聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦结合免疫固定法,分析了潮汕地区21 7例无血缘关系的临床上诊断为食管癌病人和 217例健康人的组特异性成份(Gc)亚型的分布,发现两组间无显著性差异。     

家蚕滞育激素基因的克隆

利用放射性同位素３２Ｐ－ｄＣＴＰ标记家蚕滞育激素ｃＤＮＡ作为探针,从家蚕基因库大约４×１０~５个噬菌体斑中筛选得到３０个阳性克隆,其中３个克隆具有相同的限制性内切酶图谱,并测知插入ＤＮＡ约１８ｋｂ,用限制性内切酶ＳａｌＩ、ＥｃｏＲＩ切割,进行次克隆。用ＴａｑＤｙｅｐｒｉｍｅｒ序列测定法,得到部分核苷酸序列,经比较,鉴定了这３个克隆确属滞育激素基因。基因组Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ分析,推定家蚕滞育激素基因属单基因编码。     

西藏小型猪Leptin及其受体胞外区片段的克隆及原核表达

目的克隆及原核表达西藏小型猪瘦素（Leptin）成熟肽及瘦素受体胞外区片段。方法根据西藏小型猪瘦素序列（GenBank号：GQ240885.1）和猪瘦素受体基因胞外域序列（GenBank号：AF167719.1）分别设计并合成两对引物扩增瘦素、瘦素受体基因胞外域编码区1654-2319位片段,以西藏小型猪组织总RNA为模板,经反转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法获得了特异性片段。再以该两个特异性片段为模板,另外设计两对带有BanHⅠ和HidⅢ酶切位点的套式引物分别扩增瘦素64-504位（成熟肽编码区）和瘦素受体基因胞外域编码区1655-2314位的cDNA片段,将该两片段克隆入pMD18-T载体并转化感受态细菌E.coli DH5α测序并永久保存。此两片段经酶切后克隆到表达载体pRSET A的BamHⅠ和HindⅢ两酶切位点之间,构建重组质粒pR-OB和pR-OBR-a并在大肠杆菌E.coli BL21（DE3）中表达,SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定表达产物。结果在IPTG诱导下促使重组菌pR-OB表达了相对分子质量约18×103左右的融合蛋白;重组菌pR-OBR-a表达了相对分子质量约27×103左右的融合蛋白。结论说明重组质粒pR-OB、pR-OBR-a在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中分别可表达西藏小型猪瘦素成熟肽、瘦素受体片段蛋白,为进一步研究瘦素、瘦素受体功能和应用提供了基础。     

Molecular cloning and phylogenetic analysis of the small cytoplasmic RNA from Listeria monocytogenes

A molecular cloning strategy has been designed to isolate the gene that encodes the small cytoplasmic RNA (scRNA) component of bacterial signal recognition particles. Using this strategy a putative Listeria monocytogenes scRNA lambda gt11 recombinant clone was isolated. A previously described complementation assay developed to genetically select functional homologues of 4.5S RNA and scRNA of bacteria confirmed that the lambda gt11 recombinant clone isolated encoded for the scRNA from L. monocytogenes. A secondary structure for this scRNA is proposed and a phylogenetic comparison of the 276 base L. monocytogenes scRNA with previously characterised Gram-positive bacterial scRNAs is also presented.