不同临床病理特征的乳腺非特殊型浸润性癌分子亚型分析

目的:探讨不同临床病理特征的乳腺非特殊型浸润性癌的分子亚型分布特点。方法:回顾性分析309例乳腺非特殊型浸润性癌患者的临床资料,根据患者年龄、绝经情况、组织学分级和淋巴结转移情况分组,每组再根据免疫组化雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)结果分为4种不同的分子亚型,分析各组中不同分子亚型的分布特点。结果:309例乳腺非特殊型浸润性癌中Lumina A型为137例(44.3%),Lumina B型为64例(20.7%),HER-2/neu型为63例(20.4%),basal cell-like型为45例(14.6%)。不同年龄段、绝经与否、不同组织学分级和淋巴结转移情况患者的分子亚型差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:非特殊型浸润性癌的分子亚型以Luminal A型为主,其中异型性高,转移广泛的basal cell-like型的年龄分布呈现年轻化趋势。     

JMJD6在胃癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:检测JMJD6蛋白在胃癌组织及相应癌旁正常组织中的表达情况,并分析JMJD6蛋白表达与胃癌患者临床病理参数及预后的关系。方法:应用免疫组织化学方法检测JMJD6蛋白在胃癌组织及相应癌旁正常组织中的表达情况,进一步用Kaplan-Meier生存分析、COX比例风险回归模型等统计学方法研究JMJD6表达与胃癌患者临床病理参数及预后的关系。结果:JMJD6在胃癌组织中的表达阳性率显著高于癌旁正常组织(P=0.001);JMJD6在胃癌组织的高表达与肿瘤临床分期(P=0.008)、病理分级(P=0.001)、局部浸润深度(P=0.028)、有无淋巴结转移(P=0.001)等显著相关;Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果表明JMJD6高表达的胃癌患者术后总体生存率显著低于JMJD6低表达的患者(P=0.023)。结论:JMJD6在胃癌的发生发展中可能发挥了癌基因样作用,可能作为胃癌治疗的潜在靶点。     

Monitoring depth of anesthesia using combination of EEG measure and hemodynamic variables

Monitoring depth of anesthesia (DOA) via vital signs is a major ongoing challenge for anesthetists. A number of electroencephalogram (EEG)-based monitors such as the Bispectral (BIS) index have been proposed. However, anesthesia is related to central and autonomic nervous system functions whereas the EEG signal originates only from the central nervous system. This paper proposes an automated DOA detection system which consists of three steps. Initially, we introduce multiscale modified permutation entropy index which is robust in the characterization of the burst suppression pattern and combine multiscale information. This index quantifies the amount of complexity in EEG data and is computationally efficient, conceptually simple and artifact resistant. Then, autonomic nervous system activity is quantified with heart rate and mean arterial pressure which are easily acquired using routine monitoring machine. Finally, the extracted features are used as input to a linear discriminate analyzer (LDA). The method is validated with data obtained from 25 patients during the cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. The experimental results indicate that an overall accuracy of 89.4 % can be obtained using combination of EEG measure and hemodynamic variables, together with LDA to classify the vital sign into awake, light, surgical and deep anesthetised states. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can estimate DOA more effectively than the commercial BIS index with a stronger artifact-resistance.     

Mechanoluminescence,thermoluminescence, photoluminescence studies on Ca3Y2Si3O12:RE3+ (RE3+ = Dy3+and Eu3+) phosphors

Dy³⁺ and Eu³⁺ activated Ca₃Y₂Si₃O₁₂ phosphors were synthesized by the solid‐state synthesis method. The phosphors were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), mechanoluminescence (ML), thermoluminescence (TL) and photoluminescence (PL) to determine structure and luminescence. For ML glow curves, only one peak was observed, as only one type of luminescence centre was formed during irradiation. The Ca₃Y₂Si₃O₁₂:Dy³⁺ TL glow curve showed a single peak at 151.55°C and the Ca₃Y₂Si₃O₁₂:Eu³⁺ TL glow curve peaked at 323°C with a small peak at 192°C, indicating that two types of traps were activated. The trapping parameters for both the samples were calculated using Chen's peak shape method. Dy³⁺‐activated Ca₃Y₂Si₃O₁₂ showed emission at 482 and 574 nm when excited by a 351 nm excitation wavelength, whereas the Eu³⁺‐activated Ca₃Y₂Si₃O₁₂ phosphor PL emission spectra showed emission peaks at 613 nm, 591 nm, 580 nm when excited at 395 nm wavelength. When excited at 466 nm, prominent emission peaks were observed at their respective positions with very slight shifts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Study into the kinetic properties and surface attachment of a thermostable adenylate kinase

A thermostable adenylate kinase (tAK) has been used as model protein contaminant on surfaces, so used because residual protein after high temperature wash steps can be detected at extremely low concentrations. This gives the potential for accurate, quantitative measurement of the effectiveness of different wash processes in removing protein contamination. Current methods utilise non-covalent (physisorbtion) of tAK to surfaces, but this can be relatively easily removed. In this study, the covalent binding of tAK to surfaces was studied to provide an alternative model for surface contamination. Kinetic analysis showed that the efficiency of the enzyme expressed as the catalytic rate over the Michaelis constant (k_cat/K_M) increased from 8.45±3.04 mM^?1 s^?1 in solution to 32.23±3.20 or 24.46±4.41 mM^?1 s^?1 when the enzyme was immobilised onto polypropylene or plasma activated polypropylene respectively. Maleic anhydride plasma activated polypropylene showed potential to provide a more robust challenge for washing processes as it retained significantly higher amounts of tAK enzyme than polypropylene in simple washing experiments. Inhibition of the coupled enzyme (luciferase/luciferin) system used for the detection of adenylate kinase activity, was observed for a secondary product of the reaction. This needs to be taken into consideration when using the assay to estimate cleaning efficacy.     

Influence of various antioxidants added to TCM-199 on post-thaw bovine sperm parameters,DNA integrity and fertilizing ability

Supplementation of the semen extender with antioxidants did not produce any significant effect on CASA and progressive motilities and sperm motility characteristics, in comparison to the control group (P > 0.05).     

Comparing ethylene glycol with glycerol and with or without dithiothreitol and sucrose for cryopreservation of bull semen in egg-yolk containing extenders

There are few studies performed for investigating the roles of different ratio and cryoprotectants with dithiothreitol or sucrose on sperm motility characteristics and antioxidant capacities of post-thawed bull spermatozoa. The objectives of this study were to compare glycerol (G) and ethylene glycol (EG) at different concentrations as cryoprotectants and dithiothreitol (D) or sucrose (S) (with/without) as antioxidants in Tris extender for cryopreservation of bull semen. Twenty-four ejaculates obtained from three bulls were included in the study. Each ejaculate was split into four equal aliquots and diluted using both of the Tris extenders with glycerol (5% or 7%) or ethylene glycol (3% or 5%). After that, each extenders were split into three equal aliquots and diluted using both of the dithiothreitol 5 mM or sucrose 25 mM, and control (without additives) was cooled to 4 °C and frozen in 0.25-ml French straws. when compared to control, different doses cryoprotectants and antioxidants addition no significantly increased the percentages of post-thaw sperm progressive and motitilities, acrosome abnormality and plasma membrane integrity (P > 0.05). However, EG3 + S yielded the greatest percentages of the total abnormality (P < 0.05). As regard to antioxidant activities G7 and EG5 led to lowest MDA activity with or without D or S but, these results were not supported to the GPx activity (P < 0.01). The sperm motion characteristics such as VAP, VCL, ALH and BCF gave significantly different results (P < 0.05). When compared the DNA integrity, different doses cryoprotectants without antioxidants addition significantly increased the percentages of the tail intensity and tail moment (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences observed in non-return rates among all treatment groups (P > 0.05).     

Changes in the selected hematological parameters and gill Na/K ATPase activity of juvenile crucian carp Carassius auratus during elevated ammonia exposure and the post-exposure recovery

The increase in concentration of ammonia in lake water during the degradation of algal blooms may last for several weeks and thus cause chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms. The purpose of this study was to assess the chronic toxicity of ammonia on the selected hematological parameters and gill Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity of juvenile crucian carp Carassius auratus during elevated ammonia exposure and the post-exposure recovery. Juvenile crucian carp were exposed in different ammonia solutions for 45 days and then immediately transferred to pristine freshwater to initiate a 15-day recovery period. Results showed sub-lethal ammonia significantly deters growth and a 15-day recovery period was not sufficient for the fish to compensate for the loss of growth. The fish exhibited a continuous decrease in red blood cell (RBC), the total hemoglobin (Hb), and gill Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity as the concentration of NH₃-N increased. After the 15-day recovery period, RBC, Hb, and gill Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity had recovered to similar levels as the controls.     

Effects of systemic potato response to wounding and jasmonate on the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Sternorryncha: Aphididae)

Plant induced responses are activated by multiple biotic and abiotic stresses, and may affect the interactions between a plant and phytophagous insects. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of different stresses inflicted to potato plants (Solanum tuberosum) on the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae). Abiotic wounding, biotic wounding by Leptinotarsa decemlineata and treatment with volatile methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were evaluated with regard to the orientation behaviour, the feeding behaviour and the development of the potato aphids. Dual‐choice olfactometry showed that plants treated with MeJA lost their attractiveness for the potato aphids, while both abiotic and biotic wounding did not alter the orientation of aphids. Electropenetrography revealed that the feeding behaviour of aphids was only slightly disturbed by a previous L. decemlineata wounding, while it was highly disturbed by mechanical wounding and MeJA treatment. Aphid nymph survival was reduced on mechanically wounded plants, the pre‐reproductive period was lengthened and the fecundity reduced on plants treated with MeJA. Our results bring new information about the effects of various stresses inflicted to S. tuberosum on M. euphorbiae. We showed that wounding and MeJA treatment induced an antixenosis resistance in potato plants against M. euphorbiae, which may influence aphid colonization processes.