Effect of Tobacco Mosaic Virus on Phospholipid Content and Phospholipase D Activity in Tobacco Leaves

The phospholipid content and phospholipase D activity in the leaves of two tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivars were investigated. These cultivars are characterized by different response to the infection with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). In the infected leaves of a susceptible cv. Samsun, phospholipid content and phospholipase D activity did not change within seven days after TMV infection. The development of a hypersensitive response in the leaves of a resistant cv. Xanthy necrotic was not accompanied by a change in the total phospholipid content as compared to the noninfected leaves. However, the appearance of necrotic lesions and their subsequent expansion resulted in a steady decrease in the level of phosphatidylglycerol in infected leaves. At the same time, phosphatidic acid and diphosphatidylglycerol contents increased. Leaf zones remote from the regions of necrosis development were also characterized by an increased level of phosphatidic acid. There was a tendency for an increase in phospholipase D activity in both the sites of necrosis development and in the leaf regions remote from these sites. The changes in phosphatidic acid content were of similar nature, and therefore a relative increase in phosphatidic acid could result from the phospholipase D activity. This fact suggests a possible involvement of phospholipase D in the development of the hypersensitive response, and this suggestion is supported by a higher enzyme activity in the leaves of healthy plants of the resistant cultivar as compared to the susceptible one. Causes for the changes in the content of some phospholipids, as well as the physiological role of phospholipase D in the hypersensitive response are discussed.     

农杆菌介导红江橙遗传转化的研究初报

用红江橙实生苗的上胚轴为材料 ,初步研究以根癌农杆菌介导的 GUS基因转化。结果表明 :以卡那霉素作为选择试剂进行选择培养时 ,Km浓度为 5 0 mg/L;外植体以平放为好 ;抑菌剂选择头孢霉素较好。GUS基因瞬时表达检测 ,70 .4%的外植体呈阳性反应 ;GUS基因稳定表达检测 ,在获得的 1 2株抗性植株中 ,GUS反应呈阳性所占比例为 1 6.7%。     

柚子(Citrus grandis Osbeck)S-like核酸酶基因CgSL1的分离与特征分析

从柚子（Citrus grandis Osbeck)2个自交不亲和品种Guan溪蜜柚和度尾蜜柚的花柱中克隆出一个类似S核酸酶基因CgSL1（C.grandis S-likde RNase),它的cDNA序列全长1074bp,编码297个氨基酸,通过与其它植物S-like核酸酶和S核酸酶氨基酸序列进行比较,发现CgSL1类似于S-like核酸酶,与拟南芥中的RNS2一致性为62．5％。对CgSL1的表达分析表明该基因在花柱,花药,叶片不同器官以及花柱的不同发育阶段均有表达,且在花柱中的表达随衰老增强,由此推测它可能与衰老有关。     

Physiological changes and growth of micropropagated chile ancho pepper plantlets during acclimatization and post-acclimatization

Little is known about physiological changes that occur with micropropagated chile ancho pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. San Luis) plantlets during acclimatization. Plantlets were transferred to ex vitro conditions to study selected physiological changes and growth performance during acclimatization and post-acclimatization. The physiology of the plantlets was characterized by measuring leaf gas exchange and water status. Plant growth was determined by assessing plant height, leaf number, total leaf area, relative growth rate (RGR), and leaf, root, and stem dry matter (DM). Chile pepper plantlets became acclimatized within 6 days after transplantation. During this period, physiological adjustments occurred, which were critical for plantlet survival. After initial ex vitro transplanting, plantlets experienced water deficit [leaf wilting and reduced relative water content (RWC)], which corresponded with reduced stomatal conductance (g _s) and transpiration (E), and an increase in stomatal resistance (r _s). Thus, leaf stomata that developed in vitro were functional ex vitro. Because of this stomatal control, plantlets minimized transplant shock, recovered and survived. Prior to transplanting, plantlets were photomixotrophic, as indicated by low photosynthetic rates (A). During acclimatization, RWC, g _s, E, and A were significantly lower two days after transplanting. However, within 6 days after transplanting, plantlets recovered and became photoautotrophic – attaining high A, g _s, and E. Water use efficiency was initially low during the first days after transplanting, but increased dramatically at the end of the acclimatization period in part due to increased A. The stabilization and improvement of plantlet water status and gas exchange during acclimatization and post-acclimatization closely correlated with increased plantlet growth. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

三价铁螯合物还原酶在香橙和枳中的表达

用耐缺铁的香橙(Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka)和极不耐缺铁的枳(Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.),在铁胁迫条件下对根的三价铁螯合物还原酶活性变化和酶基因的表达情况进行了研究.离体根的酶活性测定表明,在铁胁迫4周时,香橙根的酶活性增强约20倍,枳仅增强约3倍.用拟南芥的三价铁螯合物还原酶基因作探针进行组织印迹的Northern杂交检测香橙和枳三价铁螯合物还原酶的mRNA,在铁胁迫2周时,香橙吸收根、幼茎和新叶中均检测到强烈的表达信号,而枳相同器官的表达信号则极其微弱.实验结果表明,三价铁螯合物还原酶活性在缺铁胁迫下被诱导强烈增加是香橙耐缺铁的重要原因,该酶活性的调控发生在转录水平上,而且该酶基因在诱导条件下在根、茎和叶中均有表达.     

Enzymic changes in response to zinc nutrition

With a view to evaluating the suitability of Zn induced changes in enzyme activities and for assessing Zn nutrient status, black gram (Vigna mungo L. cv. IPU 94) was grown under controlled sand culture at five levels of Zn supply ranging from 0.01 to 10 μmol/L. Leaves of 60 d old plants were examined for Zn concentration and activities of fructose 1,6 biphosphate aldolase, carbonic anhydrase, total superoxide dismutase, Cu-Zn SOD, acid phosphatase and ribonuclease, which have been shown to be activated/inhibited by Zn deficiency. Sub-optimal supply of Zn decreased the activities of FBPAse, CA, total SOD and Cu-Zn SOD and increased the activities of APase and RNAse. Activities of the Zn enzymes CA and Cu-Zn SOD, are highly correlated with Zn supply, and suitable as indicators of Zn nutrient status of plants. Activation of APase and RNAse by other micronutrient deficiencies and stress conditions does not favour their use as indicators of Zn nutrient stress.     

Pathogen-derived resistance to Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) in transgenic mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia (Christ.) Swing.) plants expressing its p25 coat protein gene

The p25 coat protein (CP) gene of Citrustristezavirus (CTV) was incorporated to Mexican lime plants and forty-twotransgeniclines were produced, 25 containing the p25 CP gene of thesevere CTV strain T-305 and 17 with that of the mild strain T-317. When plantspropagated from each transgenic line were graft-inoculated with CTV T-305 oraphidinoculated with T-300, two types of response to viral challenge wereobserved: some lines developed CTV symptoms similar to those of non-transgeniccontrols, whereas others exhibited protection against the virus. Thisprotectionconsisted of a proportion of plants, ranging from 10 to 33%, that wereresistantto CTV, and the rest of them that showed a significant delay in virusaccumulation and symptom onset. Protection was efficient against non-homologousCTV strains and was generally accompanied by high accumulation of p25 CP in theprotected lines, which suggest a CP-mediated protection mechanism in mostcases.This is the first report demonstrating pathogen-derived resistance intransgenicplants against a Closterovirus member in its natural host.     

三价铁螯合物还原酶在香橙和枳中的表达

用耐缺铁的香橙 (CitrusjunosSieb .exTanaka)和极不耐缺铁的枳 (Poncirustrifoliata (L .)Raf.) ,在铁胁迫条件下对根的三价铁螯合物还原酶活性变化和酶基因的表达情况进行了研究。离体根的酶活性测定表明 ,在铁胁迫 4周时 ,香橙根的酶活性增强约 2 0倍 ,枳仅增强约 3倍。用拟南芥的三价铁螯合物还原酶基因作探针进行组织印迹的Northern杂交检测香橙和枳三价铁螯合物还原酶的mRNA ,在铁胁迫 2周时 ,香橙吸收根、幼茎和新叶中均检测到强烈的表达信号 ,而枳相同器官的表达信号则极其微弱。实验结果表明 ,三价铁螯合物还原酶活性在缺铁胁迫下被诱导强烈增加是香橙耐缺铁的重要原因 ,该酶活性的调控发生在转录水平上 ,而且该酶基因在诱导条件下在根、茎和叶中均有表达。     

甜橙辣椒红/辣椒玉红素合成酶同源基因的克隆(简报)

类胡萝卜素是由8个类异戊二烯单位组成的一类碳氢化合物及其氧化衍生物。它存在于所有植物中,并在光合作用及光保护等生理过程中起着重要作用。同时,类胡萝卜素也使果实呈现各种色泽。柑桔成熟果实的果皮及果汁色泽也主要是由于类胡萝卜素引起。果皮中类胡萝卜素种类及含量决定了