非嗜食植物提取物对桔全爪螨产卵的驱避性测定

The oviposition repellency of the alcohol extracts from 50 species of non-preferable plants and azadirachtin against citrus red mite ( Panonychus cirri ) was determined using laboratory bioassays. In choice tests, the extracts from 42 of the 50 plant species and 1% azadirachtin (2000×) significantly reduced oviposition 1d after treatment.The repellency effect of the extracts from the 42 plant species was better than that of azadirachtin. Mikania micrantha extract had the best result, with an Interference Index of Population Control (IIPC) of 0.087 1 d after treatment, and significantly reduced oviposition for 9 d, while the extracts from Sesbania cannabina, Allium tuberosum , Paederia scandens , Duranta erecta and Dicranopteris pedata also had good effects, with an oviposition repellency of over 70 % 1 d after treatment, and significantly reduced oviposition for 4 - 6 d. The effect became weaker as time went on. None of the extracts showed significant oviposition attraction.     

不同浓度亳菊水提物对秀丽隐杆线虫脂滴凝聚影响观察

目的探讨毫菊对秀丽隐杆线虫脂肪沉积的影响。方法用不同浓度毫菊水提取液配制NGM培养基,培养同步化秀丽隐杆线虫,成虫经油红0染色,异丙醇萃取,测定OD值,并与普通NGM培养基培养的同步化线虫相比较。结果随着浓度的提高,线虫体内的脂肪沉积量呈现出一定的曲线变化,其具体机制有待于进一步研究。     

杨梅果实提取物抗小鼠腹泻作用的研究

目的研究杨梅果实提取物的抗小鼠腹泻作用,包括预防和治疗作用。方法给小鼠腹腔注射甲型副伤寒沙门菌造成急性腹泻模型,经口灌胃杨梅果实提取物溶液,通过腹泻次数研究提取物对小鼠腹泻的预防作用;先灌胃杨梅果实提取物溶液再给小鼠注射菌液致泻,记录腹泻次数以研究提取物对小鼠腹泻的治疗作用。结果灌胃杨梅果实提取物的小鼠的腹泻次数均有明显的下降,且醇提物的作用效果要好于水提物。结论杨梅果实提取物对甲型副伤寒沙门菌引起的小鼠腹泻具有一定的预防和治疗作用。     

SPE-HPLC法快速检测发酵液中紫杉醇的含量

针对红豆杉内生真菌发酵液中紫杉醇的含量测定进行探讨,以建立快速高效低耗的检测方法.采用C_(18)固相萃取柱对紫杉醇进行吸附,用不同浓度的甲醇-乙酸铵和甲醇分别作为洗脱剂对其进行洗脱,比较两者的洗脱效果,洗脱液用HPLC进行检测;色谱条件为:流动相甲醇(v):水(v):乙腈(v)=20: 45: 35,流速:0.70 ml/min,检测波长:227 nm.结果表明,浓度为80%的甲醇溶液洗脱效果较好,紫杉醇的回收率为87.6%.     

莲心保健饮料的研制

莲心是具有多种保健功能的天然产物,很有研究和开发的价值。本义对利用莲心生产保健饮料进行了研究。采用煎煮后捣碎离心、过滤的方法提取的莲心汁在浓度、色泽及稳定性方面综合效果最佳。在煎煮过程中添加适量的柠檬酸及异抗坏血酸钠后,能较有效地控制所得莲心汁的褐变速度,达到护色目的。加入PVPP或聚酰胺可增加莲心汁的稳定性。用提取的莲心汁可与其它不同的组分配成口感和风味各异的莲心饮料。     

酸水解法从葛根中提取分离葛根素和大豆苷元

本文报道了葛根黄酮的提取精制方法,以６０％乙醇为溶剂,６０℃温浸６ｈ的优化工艺条件下,采用逆流萃取法从葛根中提取葛根黄酮,其收得率为１９．２８％,含量５１．０５％。葛根黄酮提取物采用５％盐酸水解４ｈ,酸水解液用乙酸乙酯萃取放置析出葛根素,乙酸乙酯相经水洗、浓缩和重结晶可得大豆苷元。采用酸水解法可以将葛根黄酮中的葛根素及大豆苷元衍生物水解成葛根素和大豆苷元,有利于葛根素、大豆苷元的分离及产率的提高;该方法从葛根中提取分离葛根素和大豆苷元具有操作简便、产品纯度和产率高、成本低的特点。葛根素和大豆苷元产率分别为１．３６％和０．４５％,纯度为９８．３２％和９１．２５％。     

Determination of the serum metallothionein (MT)1/2 concentration in patients with Wilson's disease and Menkes disease

We have developed an easy and specific enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for the simultaneous determination of serum metallothinein-1 (MT-1) and 2 (MT-2) in both humans and experimental animals. A competitive ELISA was established using a specific polyclonal antibody against rat MT-2. The antibody used for this ELISA had exhibited the same cross-reactivity with MT in humans and experimental animals. The NH₂ terminal peptide of MT containing acetylated methionine was shown to be the epitope of this antibody. The reactivity of this ELISA system with the liver, kidney and brain in MT1/2 knock-out mice was significantly low, but was normal in an MT-3 knock-out mouse. The lowest detection limit of this ELISA was 0.6 ng/ml and the spiked MT-1was fully recovered from the plasma.We investigated the normal range of MT1/2 (25–75%tile) in 200 healthy human serum and found it to be 27–48 ng/ml, and this was compared with the serum levels in various liver diseases. The serum MT1/2 levels in chronic hepatitis C (HCV) patients were significantly lower than healthy controls and also other liver diseases. In the chronic hepatitis cases, the MT1/I2 levels increased gradually, followed by the progression of the disease to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In particular, we found significantly elevated MT1/2 plasma levels in Wilson's disease patients, levels which were very similar to those in the Long–Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rat (model animal of Wilson's disease). Furthermore, a significantly elevated MT1/2 level was found in patients with Menkes disease, an inborn error of copper metabolism such as Wilson's disease.     

Levothyroxine Monotherapy: What Works Better for the Individual With Hypothyroidism?

ObjectiveI explore objective data not supporting the addition of liothyronine (medication) (LT3) to levothyroxine (medication) (LT4) in patients with hypothyroidism. Accurate identification of patients with symptomatic (almost exclusively overt) hypothyroidism is important in evaluating clinical outcomes of therapies. Recent studies have documented that nearly a third of individuals who are offered thyroid hormone are euthyroid at the time of initiation. Additionally, others are clinically diagnosed without biochemical confirmation, so a sizable proportion of those started on LT4 are not hypothyroid. The assumption that nonhypothyroid symptoms will resolve with LT4 is problematic. The true underlying cause of these symptoms remains unidentified and untreated.MethodsIn a narrative fashion I will review the positive predictive value of and correlation of symptoms consistent with hypothyroidism and confirmed hypothyroidism likely to favorably respond to thyroid hormone replacement.ResultsFollowing a review of the reliability of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in predicting a euthyroid state, the correlation of circulating triiodothyronine (serum measurement) (T3) levels with symptoms and predictive value of T3 to forecast the outcome of adding LT3 to LT4 will be reviewed. The utility of striving for high, middle, or low TSH set points within the expected range to predict changes in clinical quality of life and the ability of blinded patients to sense subtle differences along this spectrum will be documented. In addition, the clinical impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the type 2 deiodinase gene will be reviewed. Finally, the overall satisfaction of selected patients with their thyroid hormone treatments will be outlined and preferences for T3-containing treatments from blinded studies will be summarized.ConclusionBasing thyroid hormone treatment decisions on patient symptoms likely results in missed diagnoses We should encourage primary care physicians to assess a differential diagnosis, exclude other diagnoses, and not assume a thyroid etiology when TSH is normal. Modifying treatment to a particular TSH target or adjusting based on a low T3 level does not seem to enhance patient outcomes. Finally, pending further trials of “symptomatic” participants, using sustained release LT3 to mimic normal physiology, and including monocarboxylate 10 transporter and Type 2 deiodinase polymorphisms and objective outcomes, I will continue to depend on therapy with LT4 monotherapy and seek alternative explanations for my patients’ nonspecific symptoms.     

Combined immobilized lipases for effective biodiesel production from spent coffee grounds

This work describes the enzymatic transesterification of the oil extracted from SCGs for synthesis of biodiesel as a promising alternative to diesel fuels based on petroleum. Biocatalysts from various sources were tested for biodiesel synthesis using coffee oil among which CaCO₃- immobilized Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus stearothermophilus showed the highest conversion yields (61 ± 2.64% and 64.3 ± 1.53%, respectively) in 4 h. In further optimizing reaction parameters, methanol to oil molar ratio, biocatalyst quantity, water content, as well as incubation time and temperature markedly improved oil-to-biodiesel conversion up to 99.33 ± 0.57 % in a solvent free reaction after 12 h at 55 °C. A mixture of inexpensive CaCO₃-immobilized bacterial lipases at a 1:1 ratio was the best environment-friendly catalyst for biofuel synthesis as well as the ideal trade-off between conversion and cost. Obtained coffee biodiesel remained stable beyond 40 days at ambient storage conditions and its chemical characteristics were comparable to those of other known biodiesels according to the European requirements (EN14214). Collectively, SCGs, after oil extraction, could be an ideal substrate for the production of an environment-friendly biodiesel by using appropriate mixture of CaCO₃-immobilized lipases.