Paired helical filaments from Alzheimer disease brain induce intracellular accumulation of Tau protein in aggresomes

Abnormal folding of tau protein leads to the generation of paired helical filaments (PHFs) and neurofibrillary tangles, a key neuropathological feature in Alzheimer disease and tauopathies. A specific anatomical pattern of pathological changes developing in the brain suggests that once tau pathology is initiated it propagates between neighboring neuronal cells, possibly spreading along the axonal network. We studied whether PHFs released from degenerating neurons could be taken up by surrounding cells and promote spreading of tau pathology. Neuronal and non-neuronal cells overexpressing green fluorescent protein-tagged tau (GFP-Tau) were treated with isolated fractions of human Alzheimer disease-derived PHFs for 24 h. We found that cells internalized PHFs through an endocytic mechanism and developed intracellular GFP-Tau aggregates with attributes of aggresomes. This was particularly evident by the perinuclear localization of aggregates and redistribution of the vimentin intermediate filament network and retrograde motor protein dynein. Furthermore, the content of Sarkosyl-insoluble tau, a measure of abnormal tau aggregation, increased 3-fold in PHF-treated cells. An exosome-related mechanism did not appear to be involved in the release of GFP-Tau from untreated cells. The evidence that cells can internalize PHFs, leading to formation of aggresome-like bodies, opens new therapeutic avenues to prevent propagation and spreading of tau pathology.     

Cinnamon extract inhibits the postprandial overproduction of apolipoprotein B48-containing lipoproteins in fructose-fed animals

We have reported previously that a cinnamon extract (CE), high in type A polyphenols, prevents fructose feeding-induced decreases in insulin sensitivity and suggested that improvements of insulin sensitivity by CE were attributable, in part, to enhanced insulin signaling. In this study, we examined the effects of CE on postprandial apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 increase in fructose-fed rats, and the secretion of apoB48 in freshly isolated intestinal enterocytes of fructose-fed hamsters. In an olive oil loading study, a water-soluble CE (Cinnulin PF, 50 mg/kg body weight, orally) decreased serum triglyceride (TG) levels and the over production of total- and TG-rich lipoprotein-apoB48. In ex vivo ³⁵S labeling study, significant decreases were also observed in apoB48 secretion into the media in enterocytes isolated from fructose-fed hamsters. We also investigated the molecular mechanisms of the effects of CE on the expression of genes of the insulin signaling pathway [insulin receptor (IR), IR substrate (IRS)1, IRS2 and Akt1], and lipoprotein metabolism [microsomal TG transfer protein (MTP), sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP1c) in isolated primary enterocytes of fructose-fed hamsters, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The CE reversed the expression of the impaired IR, IRS1, IRS2 and Akt1 mRNA levels and inhibited the overexpression of MTP and SREBP1c mRNA levels of enterocytes. Taken together, our data suggest that the postprandial hypertriglycerides and the overproduction of apoB48 can be acutely inhibited by a CE by a mechanism involving improvements of insulin sensitivity of intestinal enterocytes and regulation of MTP and SREBP1c levels. We present both in vivo and ex vivo evidence that a CE improves the postprandial overproduction of intestinal apoB48-containing lipoproteins by ameliorating intestinal insulin resistance and may be beneficial in the control of lipid metabolism.     

杨梅果实不同溶剂提取物抑菌特性的研究

目的探讨4种溶剂杨梅果实提取物对14种致病菌的抑菌作用,并对其中活性成分的含量进行测定和比较。方法利用常压浸提法制备杨梅果实的水、乙醇、乙酸乙酯和丙酮提取物;采用管碟法、琼脂平板稀释法测定各种杨梅提取物的抑菌活性,采用常规含量测定方法对各提取物中的主要成分及含量进行研究。结果4种杨梅果实提取物对革兰阴性和阳性菌均表现出了较强的抑菌活性,其中水提取物的抑菌活性最强。含量测定结果表明4种提取物的主要成分中总酚、黄酮含量以及总酸度相差较大,单宁含量差异较小。结论推测提取物中的主要抑菌成分为单宁类物质并确定杨梅果实的最佳提取溶剂为水。     

海参精囊提取物对环磷酰胺诱导生殖系统受损小鼠 生精功能的影响*海参精囊提取物对环磷酰胺诱导生殖系统受损小鼠 生精功能的影响*

目的：本文旨在探讨海参精囊提取物对环磷酰胺诱导的生殖系统受损小鼠生精功能的保护作用。方法：昆明小白鼠随机分组,除正常组用生理盐水外其他各组均腹腔注射环磷酰胺（CP,28mg／kg）,每天1次,连续5天,复制生殖系统受损、雄激素部分缺乏模型;同时治疗组每天灌胃不同剂量的药物1次,连续4周,记录小鼠的体重并观察其精神状态。计算精子总数、运动率、畸形率及睾丸组织中T-S0D酶活力,并与模型组进行比较。结果：相较于模型组小鼠,虽海参精囊提取物高低剂量间无明显差异（P〉0．05）,但治疗组小鼠的精子总数、运动率、畸形率和T-SOD酶活力均有明显的改善（P〈0．01）,甚至接近或高于正常水平。结论：海参精囊提取物对环磷酰胺导致的生殖系统受损小鼠的生精功能具有一定的保护作用。     

Protective effects of cinnamon powder against hyperlipidemia and hepatotoxicity in butter fed female albino mice

A butter-enriched high-fat diet changes lipid metabolism, resulting in fat storage, hyperlipidemia and obesity. Effects of cinnamon powder were investigated in butter-fed mice. 40 Swiss Albino mice, aged 28 to 30 days, were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A was an untreated control group (n = 8) and another group (n = 32) was a butter-treated group fed 10% butter. In the fifth week, mice of the butter-fed group were further divided into four equal groups: B, C, D, and E (n = 8), fed 10% butter with cinnamon 200 mg, 400 mg, and 600 mg powder per liter drinking water, respectively for 10 weeks. The butter-fed group was gained the most weight. Cinnamon supplementation significantly normalized weight gain and had no harmful effects on hematological parameters. Butter supplementation significantly increased total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) whereas, cinnamon powder significantly reduced TC, LDL-c and glucose levels. In butter-fed mice, a significant increase was observed in the liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels with subsequent fat deposition in the liver. Excitingly, these enzymes were decreased and no fat depositions were observed in the liver of cinnamon-treated mice. Applying different concentrations of cinnamon powder improved the lipid profile in butter-fed female albino mice.     

深层培养裂褶菌胞外多糖的提取及结构研究

对深层培养裂褶菌 (Schizophyllumcommune)胞外多糖的提取工艺及多糖结构进行了初步研究。将等电点法与Sevag法相结合可高效的去除多糖中的蛋白 ,其方法简单有效。纯多糖经凝胶柱层析 ,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 ,高效液相色谱分析为均一组分 ,分子量 4×1 0 4D。通过完全水解 ,纸层析 ,气相色谱分析单糖组分 ,红外光谱 ,酶解反应 ,高碘酸氧化分析结构 ,证明了裂褶菌多糖是以葡萄糖为单一组分 ,β (1 3)和β (1 6)糖苷键组成的β D葡聚糖。     

白萝卜提取物诱生干扰素的有效成份

本实验用CF-11纤维素柱层析,从白萝卜提取物中分离纯化到一种双链RNA,简称E.R.s.r-dsRNA(全称见正文)。实验证明,E.R.s.r-dsRNA在家兔体内可诱生高水平的干扰素;纳克(ng)水平即可在体外细胞培养中抑制病毒感染。E.R.s.r-dsRNA分子量略小于1.34×10~6道尔顿,它对RNase的耐受性比Poly Ⅰ:PolyC强。推测E.R.s.r-dsRNA可能有较好的应用前景。     

银杏蜜环口服溶液联合尼可地尔对冠心病患者血清HsCRP、HCY、IMA、LP-PLA2水平的影响

目的:研究银杏蜜环口服溶液联合尼可地尔对冠心病患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(High-sensitivity C-reactive protein,Hs CRP)、同型半胱氨酸(Homocysteine,HCY)、缺血修饰白蛋白(Ischemia Modified Albumin,IMA)和脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lipoprotein-related phospholipase A2,Lp-PLA2)水平的影响。方法:选择2016年11月～2018年11月在我院全科医学科、急诊科收治的80例冠心病患者,根据就诊顺序,用抽签法随机分为两组,每组40例患者。对照组口服尼可地尔治疗,观察组采取银杏蜜环口服溶液联合尼可地尔治疗,两组均持续治疗2周。比较两组治疗前后的血清Hs CRP、HCY、IMA、LP-PLA2水平,左室舒张末径(left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVEDD)、心输出量(cardiac output,CO)和左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)等心功能指标的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组的总有效率为92.50%(37/40),明显高于对照组[75.00%(30/40)](P0.05);两组治疗后的血清Hs CRP、HCY、IMA、LP-PLA2水平均较治疗前明显降低(P0.05),且观察组以上指标均明显低于对照组(P0.05);两组治疗后的LVEDD均较治疗前明显降低,而CO和LVEF均较治疗前明显升高(P均0.05),且观察组治疗后的LVEDD与对照组相比明显降低,而CO和LVEF显著升高(P0.05)。结论:银杏蜜环口服溶液联合尼可地尔治疗冠心病的疗效明显优于单独口服尼可地尔治疗,其机制可能与降低血清Hs CRP、HCY、IMA、LP-PLA2水平相关。     

Presence of Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors in the Rhizome of Alpinia officinarum Hance

The galangal (the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum, Hance) is popular in Asia as a traditional herbal medicine. The present study reports that the galangal extract (GE) can potently inhibit fatty-acid synthase (FAS, E.C.2.3.1.85). The inhibition consists of both reversible inhibition with an IC50 value of 1.73?μg?dried?GE/ml, and biphasic slow-binding inactivation. Subsequently the reversible inhibition and slow-binding inactivation to FAS were further studied. The inhibition of FAS by galangin, quercetin and kaempferol, which are the main flavonoids existing in the galangal, showed that quercetin and kaempferol had potent reversible inhibitory activity, but all three flavonoids had no obvious slow-binding inactivation. Analysis of the kinetic results led to the conclusion that the inhibitory mechanism of GE is totally different from that of some other previously reported inhibitors of FAS, such as cerulenin, EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) and C75.     

外来杂草加拿大一枝黄花对入侵地植物的化感效应

采用人工气候箱培养试验,初步研究了入侵杂草加拿大一枝黄花对本地植物的化感作用.测定了根系和根状茎的不同浓度浸提液对白三叶发芽率和幼苗生长的影响;不同播种密度下根系1:60提取浓度对白三叶种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响;根状茎1:60提取浓度对白三叶、红三叶、天蓝苜蓿、黑麦草、北美车前、鸡眼草、苇状羊茅、胜红蓟、马齿苋、碱蓬和刺苋的种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,加拿大一枝黄花根系和根状茎的化感抑制作用均随浓度的升高而增强,且根状茎提取物的抑制效应高于根系提取物的效应;在1:60低浓度根系浸提液作用下,不同密度的白三叶幼苗萌发率和幼根、幼芽长度差异不显著;1:60低浓度根状茎提取物对11个物种的种子萌发均有显著抑制作用,但对不同物种的抑制程度有差异,对禾本科植物的抑制作用大于非禾本科和豆科;1:60低浓度根状茎提取物对10个物种的幼根影响与对萌发率的影响相似,但在对幼芽的影响上,仅对鸡眼草、刺苋和苇状羊茅起抑制作用,而对其他植物无显著抑制(黑麦草、北美车前、胜红蓟、马齿苋和刺苋)或起促进作用(白三叶、红三叶、天蓝苜蓿).