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21.
Zeidler R Albermann K Lang S 《Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death》2007,12(11):1927-1943
Cigarette smoking is associated with a plethora of different diseases. Nicotine is the addictive component of cigarette but
also acts onto cells of the non-neuronal system, including immune effector cells. Although nicotine itself is usually not
referred to as a carcinogen, there is ongoing debate whether nicotine functions as a ‘tumor enhancer.' By binding to nicotinic
acetylcholine receptors, nicotine deregulates essential biological processes like angiogenesis, apoptosis, and cell-mediated
immunity. Apoptosis plays critical roles in a wide variety of physiologic processes during fetal development and in adult
tissue and is also a fundamental aspect of the biology of malignant diseases. This review provides an overlook how nicotine
influences apoptotic processes and is thus directly involved in the etiology of pathological conditions like cancer and obstructive
diseases. 相似文献
22.
Khyatiben V. Pathak Medjda Bellamri Yi Wang Sophie Langou?t Robert J. Turesky 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(26):16304-16318
2-Amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AαC) is a carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amine formed during the combustion of tobacco. AαC undergoes bioactivation to form electrophilic N-oxidized metabolites that react with DNA to form adducts, which can lead to mutations. Many genotoxicants and toxic electrophiles react with human serum albumin (albumin); however, the chemistry of reactivity of AαC with proteins has not been studied. The genotoxic metabolites, 2-hydroxyamino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (HONH-AαC), 2-nitroso-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (NO-AαC), N-acetyloxy-2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (N-acetoxy-AαC), and their [13C6]AαC-labeled homologues were reacted with albumin. Sites of adduction of AαC to albumin were identified by data-dependent scanning and targeted bottom-up proteomics approaches employing ion trap and Orbitrap MS. AαC-albumin adducts were formed at Cys34, Tyr140, and Tyr150 residues when albumin was reacted with HONH-AαC or NO-AαC. Sulfenamide, sulfinamide, and sulfonamide adduct formation occurred at Cys34 (AαC-Cys34). N-Acetoxy-AαC also formed an adduct at Tyr332. Albumin-AαC adducts were characterized in human plasma treated with N-oxidized metabolites of AαC and human hepatocytes exposed to AαC. High levels of N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-AαC (dG-C8-AαC) DNA adducts were formed in hepatocytes. The Cys34 was the sole amino acid of albumin to form adducts with AαC. Albumin also served as an antioxidant and scavenged reactive oxygen species generated by metabolites of AαC in hepatocytes; there was a strong decrease in reduced Cys34, whereas the levels of Cys34 sulfinic acid (Cys-SO2H), Cys34-sulfonic acid (Cys-SO3H), and Met329 sulfoxide were greatly increased. Cys34 adduction products and Cys-SO2H, Cys-SO3H, and Met329 sulfoxide may be potential biomarkers to assess exposure and oxidative stress associated with AαC and other arylamine toxicants present in tobacco smoke. 相似文献
23.
Chuangxin Huang Joshua J. Wang Jacey H. Ma Chenjin Jin Qiang Yu Sarah X. Zhang 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(9):5367-5380
Recent studies have revealed a role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) in the regulation of RPE cell activity and survival. Herein, we examined the mechanisms by which the UPR modulates apoptotic signaling in human RPE cells challenged with cigarette smoking extract (CSE). Our results show that CSE exposure induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in ER stress markers, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial fragmentation, and apoptosis of RPE cells. These changes were prevented by the anti-oxidant NAC or chemical chaperone TMAO, suggesting a close interaction between oxidative and ER stress in CSE-induced apoptosis. To decipher the role of the UPR, overexpression or down-regulation of XBP1 and CHOP genes was manipulated by adenovirus or siRNA. Overexpressing XBP1 protected against CSE-induced apoptosis by reducing CHOP, p-p38, and caspase-3 activation. In contrast, XBP1 knockdown sensitized the cells to CSE-induced apoptosis, which is likely through a CHOP-independent pathway. Surprisingly, knockdown of CHOP reduced p-eIF2α and Nrf2 resulting in a marked increase in caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. Furthermore, Nrf2 inhibition increased ER stress and exacerbated cell apoptosis, while Nrf2 overexpression reduced CHOP and protected RPE cells. Our data suggest that although CHOP may function as a pro-apoptotic gene during ER stress, it is also required for Nrf2 up-regulation and RPE cell survival. In addition, enhancing Nrf2 and XBP1 activity may help reduce oxidative and ER stress and protect RPE cells from cigarette smoke-induced damage. 相似文献
24.
25.
B. Zappacosta G.E. Martorana S. Papini J. Gervasoni F. Iavarone S. Fasanella B. Giardina P. De Sole S. Persichilli 《Luminescence》2011,26(5):331-335
Cigarette smoking plays an important role as a cause of morbidity and mortality in humans, involving respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive and reproductive systems. Tobacco smoke contains a large number of molecules, some of which are proven carcinogens. Although not fully understood, polymorphonuclear leukocytes seem to play a crucial role in the mechanisms by which tobacco smoke compounds are implicated in smoke‐related diseases. In this paper the effects of an aqueous cigarette smoke extract on the expression of adhesion molecules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes together with the changes in the cell morphology have been related to the chemiluminescence activity. The results obtained show that polymorphonuclear leukocytes treated with aqueous cigarette smoke extract are significantly impaired, as suggested by the changes of chemiluminescence activity, of membrane receptors (CD18, CD62), myeloperoxidase expression and of cell morphology. Altogether the present data indicate that treated polymorphonuclear leukocytes are ineffectively activated and therefore unable to phagocytize zymosan particles. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
26.
27.
Anbarasi K Vani G Balakrishna K Devi CS 《Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology》2005,19(1):59-65
Membrane-bound enzymes play a vital role in neuronal function through maintenance of membrane potential and impulse propagation. We have evaluated the harmful effects of chronic cigarette smoking on membrane-bound ATPases and the protective effect of Bacoside A in rat brain. Adult male albino rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for a period of 12 weeks and simultaneously administered with Bacoside A (the active principle isolated from Bacopa monniera) at a dosage of 10 mg/kg b.w/day, p.o. The levels of lipid peroxides as marker for evaluating the extent of membrane damage, the activities of Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase, and associated cations sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) were investigated in the brain. Neuronal membrane damage was evident from the elevated levels of lipid peroxides and decreased activities of membrane-bound enzymes. Disturbances in the electrolyte balance with accumulation of Na+ and Ca2+ and depletion of K+ and Mg2+ were also observed. Administration of Bacoside A inhibited lipid peroxidation, improved the activities of ATPases, and maintained the ionic equilibrium. The results of our study indicate that Bacoside A protects the brain from cigarette smoking induced membrane damage. 相似文献
28.
Hoshino S Yoshida M Inoue K Yano Y Yanagita M Mawatari H Yamane H Kijima T Kumagai T Osaki T Tachiba I Kawase I 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2005,329(1):58-63
Cigarette smoking is the most crucial factor responsible for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The precise mechanisms of the development of the disease have, however, not been fully understood. Recently, impairment of pulmonary endothelial cells has been increasingly recognized as a critical pathophysiological process in COPD. To verify this hypothesis, we examined how cigarette smoke extract (CSE) damages human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). CSE activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and treatment of HUVECs with SP600125, a specific inhibitor of the JNK pathway, significantly suppressed endothelial cell damage by CSE. In contrast, inhibition of the extracellular-regulated kinase or the p38 pathway did not affect the cytotoxicity of CSE. Furthermore, anti-oxidants superoxide dismutase and catalase reduced CSE-induced JNK phosphorylation and endothelial cell injury. These results indicate that CSE damages vascular endothelial cells through the JNK pathway activated, at least partially, by oxidative stress. 相似文献
29.
Raveendran M Wang J Senthil D Wang J Utama B Shen Y Dudley D Zhang Y Wang XL 《FEBS letters》2005,579(3):733-740
Cigarette-induced endothelial dysfunction could be an early mediator of atherosclerosis. In this study, we explored the mechanisms of cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) apoptosis. We found that 10-65% of HAECs underwent apoptotic changes when HAECs were exposed to 0.001-0.02 cigarette equivalent unit of CSE for 4 h. CSE activated the caspases-3 and 8, the p38 MAP kinase and stress activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (SAPK/JNK). Specific inhibitors of p38 MAP or SAPK/JNK reduced CSE-induced caspase activation. We further showed that eNOS pre-activation by L-arginine reduced endothelial apoptosis from 65% to 5%; and eNOS inhibition by N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester accentuated CSE-induced endothelial apoptosis. We suggest that appropriate endogenous NO production may be an important protective mechanism against smoking-induced endothelial damage. 相似文献
30.