THE ROLE OF COURTSHIP SONGS IN REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION AMONG POPULATIONS OF GREEN LACEWINGS OF THE GENUS CHRYSOPERLA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE)

Male and female lacewings tremulate during courtship, establishing duets that always precede copulation. Three distinct courtship songs are found in populations of the green lacewing Chrysoperla plorabunda (P1, P2 and P3 song morphs). Analysis of five features of the songs for individuals collected from Connecticut, Idaho, Oregon and California showed few differences within song morphs, but sympatric song morphs differed significantly in temporal features of the songs and their mode of presentation. Playback experiments using recorded songs were performed on females with all possible sympatric and allopatric combinations of females and recorded songs. The results showed that females strongly prefer to duet with recordings of males of their own song type and usually showed no responses to songs of other types. Thus, song differences are effective barriers to reproduction between the sympatric morphs. Our results support the hypothesis that the three song morphs are true biological species.     

New Materials of Navicula ( Naviculaceae) from Anhui,China

In this paper, a new species, a new variety and a new record for china of Navicula from Anhui Province are reported. They are Navicula anhuinsis sp. nov. and N. muticaKütz. var. sinica var. nov. and N. mutica var. stigma Patrick.     

Impacts of the pesticides imidacloprid,propargite, and pymetrozine on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chrysoperla carnea</Emphasis> (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): IOBC and life table assays

The effects of imidacloprid, propargite, and pymetrozine on the common green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) were investigated in the laboratory, using the IOBC-system and the life table response experiment. Residual glass plate bioassays were carried out using two-day-old larvae at the Iranian maximum field recommended rate of each commonly used pesticide. All three tested pesticides produced significant adverse effects on pre-imaginal survival (p < 0.01). Imidacloprid had no significant effect on fecundity, but propargite and pymetrozin caused significant reductions (p < 0.05). According to the IOBC classification, imidacloprid was found to be harmless (E = 27.44%); propargite (E = 49.78%) and pymetrozine (E = 66.9%) were slightly harmful. Life table assays revealed that imidacloprid and propargite had no significant effects on the intrinsic rate of natural increase, while pymetrozine caused a 34% reduction in r _m value (p < 0.05). Propargite was non-toxic to C. carnea under the tested conditions. In the case of imidacloprid, using a glass plate as test substrate led to␣underestimation of its effects. The life table assay showed more adverse effects of pymetrozine than the IOBC method.     

不同亲缘关系大豆品种间种对生长及氮素利用效率的影响

为探究大豆不同品种间的亲缘关系对其生长和氮素吸收效率的影响,本研究选用"华夏3号(A)"、"桂早1号(B)"和"中黄24号(C)"3个亲缘关系不同的大豆(Glycine max)品种为实验材料,其中"华夏3号"为本研究的目标大豆品种,"桂早1号"为"华夏3号"的亲本之一,"中黄24号"与"华夏3号"无亲缘关系。设低氮(LN 0.6 mg·L-1)和高氮(HN 60 mg·L-1)2个氮素水平,以砂培盆栽方式培养。每盆种大豆4株,其中2株为华夏3号(A),另外2株为华夏3号(A)或桂早1号(B)或中黄24号(C),共有LN-AA、LNAB、LN-AC、HN-AA、HN-AB和HN-AC 6个处理,每个处理4个重复。结果表明:"华夏3号"与远亲缘大豆"中黄24"共同种植时其植株生物量、总根长、根体积比与近亲缘大豆"桂早1号"共存时显著增加,其中总根长、根体积在低氮处理下分别增加50%和57%,高氮处理下分别增加46%和50%;与远亲缘大豆共存时,"华夏3号"叶片硝酸还原酶活性显著增强,低氮和高氮处理分别增加56%和49%;盛花期大豆的茎叶全氮含量各处理间差异不显著,鼓粒期高氮处理下"华夏3号"与近亲缘大豆"桂早1号"共同种植的处理(HN-AB)的茎叶全氮含量显著高于与远亲缘(HN-AC)共同种植的处理,且低氮处理下也有相同趋势。研究结果表明,大豆可能具有亲缘识别的能力,且不同生育期存在差异。     

Development of the predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) as affected by feeding on Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) reared on transgenic Cry 2Ab tomato plants

Investigations were conducted using Helicoverpa armigera fed on transgenic tomato plants containing a synthetic Cry2ab gene aiming to evaluate its impact on the development of the predator Chrysoperla carnea. Prey consumption and development parameters of C. carnea were assessed. No obvious differences were observed in the development of C. carnea that preyed on H. armigera fed on transgenic Bt tomato plants as compared to the control. This shows obvious that transgenic Bt tomato plants can be safely used as an efficient tool for the biocontrol of H. armigera with no effect on its predator, C. carnea.     

Ingestion of spinosad bait GF-120 and resulting impact on adult Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

The spinosad bait spray GF-120 Naturalyte F® (Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN, USA) is widely used in commercial olives in California. Because of concern about its non-target effects on beneficial insects, we studied its impact on feeding behavior, mortality, and reproductive parameters of adult green lacewings, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), under laboratory conditions. Male and female feeding rate and quantity, and subsequent mortality, were compared over a 5-day period following a 24-h exposure to honey, GF-120, or the bait component (without spinosad) in two-choice and no-choice assays. All treatments were ingested equally when offered alone. Spinosad did not impart repellency or preference to GF-120 relative to the bait. Honey was preferred in choice tests with GF-120 or bait. Significant mortality occurred when GF-120 was offered alone, but was not significant when it was offered in choice with honey or bait. In a separate assay of female longevity and reproduction, mortality rate as a function of time was similar in all treatments, except for some significantly earlier mortality due to GF-120 compared with honey. GF-120 ingestion significantly reduced fecundity compared with bait during the first week after treatment. Egg hatch was not significantly affected. The preference of adult C. carnea for food should ameliorate the potential negative effect of GF-120 on adult C. carnea mortality in the field. The laboratory study finds that GF-120 is a potentially safer choice for C. carnea than an aqueous suspension of spinosad, and provides no new evidence for definitive risk to field populations.     

烟气脱硝尾液厌氧氨氧化处理中微生物群落结构分析

采用厌氧序批式反应器处理火电厂烟气脱硝尾液并研究厌氧氨氧化微生物群落结构。通过扫描电镜观察发现,优势菌群为椭圆形的球菌且具有下凹的火山口状,直径约为0.7μm。通过污泥总DNA提取、PCR扩增、阳性克隆验证和测序等分子生物学手段得到反应器内菌群16S r RNA基因序列,建立系统发育树和克隆文库。结果表明,在细菌通用引物27F-1 492R PCR扩增的体系中,得到85个克隆子,分为21个OTU,各菌群所占的比例为:变形菌门Proteobacteria:61.18%;酸杆菌门Acidobacteria:17.65%;绿菌门Chlorobi:8.24%;绿弯菌门Chlorofexi:5.88%;芽单胞菌门Gemmatimonadetes:3.53%;硝化螺旋菌门Nitrospirae:2.35%;浮酶状菌门Planctomycetes:1.18%。而在厌氧氨氧化菌特异引物pla46rc-630r;AMX368-AMX820 PCR扩增的体系中有45个克隆子,分为3个OTU,其中Candidatus brocadia sp.占有95.6%,未知菌种4.4%。     

子囊具四个孢子的皱赤壳属一新种

描述了分布于中国热带、亚热带地区的丛赤壳科皱赤壳属Rugonectria一新种。对中国材料进行形态学和DNA序列分析相结合的研究表明,它们与日本报道的栗生皱赤壳R. castaneicola较为接近,但存在形态学和DNA序列上的明显差异,代表该属一个新种。     

两种草蛉对取食棉花的扶桑绵粉蚧的嗅觉反应（英文）

捕食性的普通草蛉Chrysoperla sp.（carnea group） 和安平草蛉Mallada desjardinsi（Navas）（脉翅目:草蛉科）的寄主-生境定位取决于其觅食行为以及对各阶段释放的植物气味的行为反应.本研究调查了这两种交配的草蛉成虫以及取食棉花的扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis的反应,以便了解它们之间的三重营养关系.结果表明：草蛉雄虫和雌虫均能感受到棉花植株释放的绿叶挥发物;植株的各个阶段均可使捕食性昆虫和绵粉蚧定位.在受绵粉蚧为害的棉叶上饱和烃含量高,说明草蛉成虫的反应更为强烈;在植株受为害期和开花期释放捕食性昆虫,可提高田间捕食性昆虫的作用.这些结果提示有效的生物防治取决于捕食性昆虫在植株上的天然定殖能力以及对害虫的吞食能力.