BIOLOGY OF CHRYSOPA PHYLLOCHROMA WESMAEL (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE). II: INTRASPECIFIC INTERFERENCE AND SEARCHING CAPACITY

Abstract  The present study examined intraspecific interference and searching behavior of Chrysopa phyllochroma Wesmael (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) for Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) nymphs under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The results were shown as follow: 1) In four different arenas ( i.e . Petri dish, glass vessel, glass vessel with barriers in it, and cage with potted cotton plant), the predaceous efficiency of C. phyllochroma larvae varied with the predator density, the hunt constant ( Q ) and the intraspecific interference (m) increased with the prey density but decreased with the space heterogeneity; 2) In cage with potted cotton plant, the first- and second-instar green lacewing larvae consumed 13.6 and 29.4 cotton aphiddday respectively. The number of cotton aphids consumed by C. phyllochroma on lower leaves was significantly less than that on upper leaves; and 3) In cage with potted cotton plant, the percentage of the first- and second-instar green lacewing larvae located on upper leaves was significant less than that on lower leaves.     

七星瓢虫成虫对枸杞木虱的捕食作用

为了测定七星瓢虫成虫对枸杞木虱4种虫态的捕食作用,分别在室内测定七星瓢虫的捕食功能反应、种内干扰、自身密度干扰、捕食偏好性以及在田间七星瓢虫对枸杞木虱的捕食效果.结果表明: 七星瓢虫对枸杞木虱的捕食功能反应符合Holling Ⅱ型方程,其中对卵的最大捕食量为112.6粒,对1～2龄若虫、3～5龄若虫、成虫的最大捕食量分别为536、415和113.9头;田间罩笼试验结果证明,七星瓢虫成虫在其生长周期30 d内能使枸杞木虱总虫口密度下降80.1%;七星瓢虫对1～2龄枸杞木虱若虫的搜寻效率参数a=0.9451,处理时间参数T_h=0.001865,整体优于卵、3～5龄若虫与成虫,且在每皿100头的猎物密度下七星瓢虫的最大捕食率能达80.2%,益害比参考值为1∶100.七星瓢虫对枸杞木虱的捕食作用受自身密度的影响显著大于种内干扰.在混合猎物密度为每皿100头下,七星瓢虫更偏好木虱成虫,在密度为每皿300头下,七星瓢虫更偏向于木虱若虫.表明七星瓢虫是很有控制潜力的捕食性天敌,人工释放七星瓢虫成虫可有效取食枸杞木虱初孵若虫,降低木虱为害.     

Energy budgets of the Chinese green lacewing （Neuroptera： Chrysopidae） and its potential for biological control of the cotton aphid （Homoptera： Aphididae）

Energy budgets of larval stages of the Chinese green lacewing, Chrysopa sinica (Tjeder) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) were determined under laboratory conditions at photo‐period of 14:10 L:D, 27 ± 1°C and 75%± 2% RH. The energy used as ingestion, assimilation, respiration, productivity and feces was constructed for each developmental stage. In addition, under these experimental conditions, the potential of C. sinica as a biological control agent was evaluated according to the ingestion by this predator and the energy content of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae). The larval stage of C. sinica was able to consume 1281.4 1‐day‐old aphids, 1018.7 2‐day‐old aphids, 626.9 3‐day‐old aphids, 393.5 4‐day‐old aphids, 312.1 5‐day‐old aphids or 203.5 9‐day‐old aphids, respectively. No significant difference was detected between the estimated number of aphids consumed by the lacewings using energetic methods and the actual number of aphids consumed by the lacewings in this experiment. Our results showed that C. sinica is an important natural enemy of the cotton aphid, and energetic methods are very useful to quantify biological control efficacy of natural enemies.     

大白菜上七星瓢虫空间格局及抽样技术研究

一、引言种群的空间格局是生物种群的一项重要特征,常常影响物种的空间分布、结构和活动;影响捕食者对被食者的寻找。从而影响了捕食效率。还影响种群密度、死亡率及生殖力的空间关系,影响抽样调查方法、数量及其资料处     

七星瓢虫卵黄原蛋白基因的表达mRNA的体外转译

七星瓢虫成熟雌虫脂肪体总RNA和poly(A)~+RNA中可转译mRNA的水平约为雄虫和不成熟雌虫的两倍,其中所含的卵黄原蛋白mRNA可在体外转译系统中指导卵黄原蛋白多肽的合成。 雌虫取食人工饲料时,其脂肪体RNA中可转译mRNA的水平很低,不能指导卵黄原蛋白多肽的合成。保幼激素类似物能诱导可转译卵黄原蛋白mRNA的出现。     

Laboratory study of cannibalism and interspecific predation in ladybirds

Abstract.

• 1 In the absence of aphids, adult females of Adalia bipunctata (L.) showed a greater reluctance to eat eggs than males.
• 2 Eggs and young larvae were more vulnerable to cannibalism than older larvae and starved larvae were more vulnerable than well-fed larvae.
• 3 Both egg and larval cannibalism is inversely related to the abundance of aphids.
• 4 Eggs are a better food, in terms of larval growth and survival, than aphids.
• 5 In the absence of aphids interspecific predation occurred, but not equally, between the coccinellids A.bipunctata, A.decempunctata (L.), Coccinella septempunctata L. and C.undecempunctata L.
• 6 Larvae and adults of A. bipunctata and C.septempunctata were reluctant to eat conspecific eggs painted with a water extract of the other species' eggs and larvae of C. septempunctata were more likely to die after eating a few eggs of A.bipunctata than vice versa.
• 7 These results indicate that cannibalism occurs mainly when aphid prey is scarce and is adaptive in that it improves the chances of survival, and coccinellids, to varying degrees, are defended against interspecific predation.

     

山区林地七星瓢虫成虫空间分布型的研究

经过山区林地的抽样调查,确定了七星瓢虫Coccimella septempunctata L.成虫的空间分布型属于聚集分布,其分布的基本成分是个体群,基本成分的分布是均匀的,个体群内的分布是随机的,个体群较松散,个体群的平均大小是2m~2。     

Potential for intraguild predation and competition among predatory Coccinellidae and Chrysopidae

In a laboratory study two coccinellid species, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer) and Harmonia axyridis Pallas, completed preimaginal development on lacewing eggs, Chrysoperla carnea Stephens or pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) in similar times. Preimaginal survival on C. carnea eggs was similar to survival on A. pisum for all stages of C. maculata and H. axyridis. Coccinellid adults that developed on C. carnea eggs were smaller than adults reared on A. pisum. Coccinella septempunctata L. did not complete preimaginal development on C. carnea eggs. Chrysoperla carnea preimaginal developmental time was approximately 20 days when fed either C. maculata eggs or A. pisum. Chrysoperla carnea fed C. maculata eggs developed into smaller adults, compared to adults reared as larvae on A. pisum, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) eggs, or A. pisum alternated daily with O. nubilalis eggs. C. carnea did not complete preimaginal development on H. axyridis eggs. Cannibalism occurred more frequently between C. carnea third instars than between C. maculata fourth instars. When a C. carnea third instar was paired with a C. maculata fourth instar, more C. maculata were preyed upon by C. carnea, regardless of the herbivorous prey density. In the field these two predator species may negatively affect each other and reduce their suppression of pest densities.     

七星瓢虫精子鞭毛的超微结构(英文)

应用细胞整装制备和超薄切片技术,在透射电子显微镜下检查了七星瓢虫成熟精子鞭毛的超微结构。精子鞭毛是由一个典型的9＋9＋2轴丝,两个同形结晶的线粒体衍生物,两个附体（每个附体具有两部分,一个嗜锇致密月牙体和一个海绵月牙体）和一个非结晶体组成,在鞭毛终端部,仅存的轴丝失去了两个中央微管保留了9个具有动力蛋白臂的双微管和9个附微管。     

七星瓢虫对麦长管蚜,禾谷缢管蚜捕食选择性研究

本文报导了七星瓢虫对两种猎物捕食选择性研究成果,这对以瓢治蚜工作提供了理论依据。主要结果为:1.七星瓢虫对麦长管蚜有明显的正喜好性,对禾谷缢管蚜有明显的负喜好性。2.瓢虫对两种蚜虫的喜好性与麦长管蚜密度呈显著负相关,与禾谷缢管蚜密度呈正相关。3.当两种猎物共存时,瓢虫对每种猎物的功能反应有所变化。两猎物总密度增加,瓢虫对每种猎物的功能反应越来越趋向Hollink Ⅲ型,一种猎物密度恒定,另一种猎物密度变化时,瓢虫对猎物的功能反应趋向Holling Ⅲ型。而且随猎物恒定的密度增加,HoUing Ⅲ型典型性增加。4.麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜密度增加均降低瓢虫的捕食作用率。但是,禾谷缢管蚜所引起捕食作用率更为严重的减少。