菊花中一个新的多糖的研究

通过热水提取、离子交换层析和凝胶层析,从菊花(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat．)中分离得到一个新的多糖。根据糖组成分析、甲基化分析、高碘酸氧化、部分酸水解和NMR谱图分析,确定其结构如下：     

Chemical Composition,Antioxidant and Anti‐melanogenic Activities of Essential Oils from Chrysanthemum boreale Makino at Different Harvesting Stages

In the present study, the chemical compositions and skin whitening‐related antioxidant and anti‐melanogenic effect of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Chrysanthemum borealeMakino (CBM) (CBMEOs) at vegetative, pre‐flowering and full‐flowering are investigated and contrasted among the three stages. The yields and components of the CBMEOs were different at each stage. The CBMEOs increased DPPH and ABTs scavenging activities and attenuated the α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH)‐induced tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in B16BL6 cells. Among CBMEO components, eugenol had the highest DPPH and ABTs scavenging activities and cuminaldehyde was the strongest inhibitor of α‐MSH‐induced tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis. The CBMEOs in each stage showed the different levels of phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase1/2 and p38 MAPK. These findings demonstrate that the CBMEOs have antioxidative and anti‐melanogenic activities in all the CBM harvesting stages, resulting in skin‐whitening biological activities and that the levels of their component contents and bioactivities differ among the CBM harvesting stages. The CBMEOs may have the potential for use in cosmetics and alternative medicine.     

Studies on Chemical Constituents from Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel.: Structure Elucidation of Two New Triterpenoid Esters

Two new triterpenoid esters (1 and 2) and eleven known compounds were isolated from the ethyl ether extract of Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel. By means of chemical correlation and spectral analyses (IR, FAB-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR), compounds 1 and 2 were established as 16β, 22α-dihydroxypseudotaraxasterol-3β-O-palmitate and lup-16β, 28-dihydroxy-3β-O-palmitate.     

拟南芥LFYcDNA的克隆及转化菊花的研究

以野生型拟南芥（Ａｒａｂｉｄｏｐｓｉｓｔｈａｌｉａｎａ（Ｌ．）Ｈｅｙｎｈ．）为材料,克隆并测序了Ｌｅａｆｙ（ＬＦＹ）基因的全长ｃＤＮＡ;同时构建了ＬＦＹｃＤＮＡ以ＣａＭＶ３５Ｓ为启动子的植物表达载体,并转化菊花（Ｃｈｒｙｓａｎｔｈｅｍｕｍｍｏｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍ（Ｒａｍａｔ．）Ｔｚｖｅｌ．）。该ｃＤＮＡ全长１２６３ｂｐ,共编码４２０个氨基酸残基,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明,ＬＦＹｃＤＮＡ整合到菊花染色体组中。跟正常植株相比,转基因植株中有３株分别提早６５、６７、７０ｄ开花,２株分别推迟７８、９０ｄ开花。     

A Correlation between Antioxidant Activity and Metabolite Release during the Blanching of Chrysanthemum coronarium L.

Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS)-based metabolite profiling was applied to elucidate the correlation between metabolite release and antioxidant activity during water blanching of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (CC). Some major metabolites showing differences between fresh CC and blanched CC (BCC) were selected by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-square discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) loading plots, and were identified as dicaffeoylquinic acid (DCQA), succinoyl-DCQA, and acetylmycosinol. By PLS regression analysis of the correlation between antioxidant components and effects, candidate antioxidative metabolites were predicted due to strong positive correlations with DCQA and succinoyl-DCQA, and by a relatively weak positive correlation with acetylmycosinol.     

An improved micropropagation system for Chrysanthemum based on Pluronic F-68-supplemented media

Supplementation of MS-based medium containing 4.4 M 6-benzyladenine and 2.7 M -naphthaleneacetic acid with 0.001–0.1% (w/v) of the non-ionic, co-polymer surfactant, Pluronic F-68, significantly (p<0.05) increased the mean fresh weight gain of cultured leaf explants of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) Tone Maid and Early Charm by a maximum of 74% and 34%, respectively. The percentage of individual explants giving adventive shoots was also stimulated by Pluronic F-68; for cv. Early Charm, 0.001% (w/v) Pluronic F-68 induced the maximum response, whereas for cv. Tone Maid, the maximum response occurred with 0.01% surfactant. Shoot regeneration from explants was also enhanced at these concentrations of surfactant, compared to explants cultured in the absence of Pluronic F-68.Abbreviations BA 6-benzyladenine - MS Murashige & Skoog 1962 - NAA -naphthaleneacetic acid     

Isocucurbic Acid Derivatives and Soluble Epoxide Hydroxylase Inhibitors from the Flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum L.

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitory activity guided fractionation and isolation of two new isocucurbic acid derivatives ( 1 and 2 ) and nine known compounds ( 3 – 11 ) from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum L. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation and comparison with those reported in previous studies. Luteolin ( 3 ), acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside ( 6 ), and methyl 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinate ( 10 ) displayed sEH inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values ranging from 13.7±3.6 to 20.8±0.4 μM. Enzyme kinetic analysis revealed that 3 , 6 , and 10 were non-competitive inhibitors with K_i values of 14.8±0.5, 31.2±0.8, and 3.9±0.2 μM, respectively. Additionally, molecular docking studies indicated compound 10 had the ability to form six hydrogen bonds at sEH active site, resulting binding energy as low as −9.58 Kcal/mol.     

Pathogenicity of Pythium aphanidermatum to Chrysanthemum in Combined Inoculations with Belonolaimus longicaudatus or Meloidogyne incognita

Rooted cuttings of ''Iceberg'' chrysanthemum in steamed soil were inoculated with the nematodes Belonolaimus longicaudatus, and Meloidogyne incognita, alone and combined with Pythium aphanidermatum, a fungus pathogen of chrysanthemum. B. longicaudatus alone severely restricted the root system; with P. aphanidermatum also present, plant weight and height were further reduced and onset of symptoms was earlier. M. incognita + fungus interaction was similar but less intense. The fungus suppressed egg production of M. incognita but not the reproduction of B. Iongicaudatus. However, all three pathogens combined significantly suppressed reproduction of both nematodes and caused greatest inhibition of plant growth.     

Antidiabetic‐Like Effects of Naringenin‐7‐O‐glucoside from Edible Chrysanthemum ‘Kotobuki’ and Naringenin by Activation of the PI3K/Akt Pathway and PPARγ

Obesity is directly associated with cancer, cardiovascular injury, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. To date, Yamamoto identified that hot water extracts of edible Chrysanthemum (EC) induced cell size reduction, up‐regulation of adiponectin expression, and glucose absorption inhibition in 3T3‐L1 cells during adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, EC showed antidiabetic effects such as improvement in insulin resistance and the down‐regulation of the blood glucose level and liver lipid content in type 2 diabetes model mice. In this study, we attempted to identify the antidiabetic components in EC. The methanol fraction from EC that showed relatively strong biological activity was purified by chromatography to obtain acacetin‐7‐O‐glucoside, apigenin‐7‐O‐glucoside, kaempferol‐7‐O‐glucoside, and naringenin‐7‐O‐glucoside. Among the isolated compounds and their aglycones, naringenin (NA) and naringenin‐7‐O‐glucoside (NAG) up‐regulated the intracellular accumulation of lipid and adiponectin‐secretion and down‐regulated the diameter of 3T3‐L1 cells during adipocyte differentiation. Because the PPARγ antagonist BADGE and PI3K/Akt inhibitors wortmannin and LY29004 inhibited the intracellular lipid accumulation by NA and NAG associated with adipogenesis, it was considered that NA and NAG showed the above‐mentioned activities via the activation of PPARγ as well as phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.