Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Induces Transient Reversible Monoaminergic Changes in the Rat Brain

Chronic restriction of cerebral blood flow in hypoperfused Wistar rats has been proposed as a new model of cerebrovascular-type dementia. Using this model, we have investigated central monoaminergic neuronal systems that are closely related to higher brain function. Monoamine and monoamine-metabolite levels were determined, as relative monoaminergic markers, at 1 day and 1,3,6 and 12 weeks after the bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries. Dopaminergic changes in the frontal cortex and striatum were observed in hypoperfused rats at 1–3 weeks following occlusion. Serotonergic changes were recognized at four brain regions examined (frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and thalamus+midbrain). In particular, the immediate enhancement of serotonin turnover in the striatum appeared to influence the reaction to the acute ischemic attack such as vasoconstriction produced by hypoperfusion. Our findings suggest that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induces transient reversible changes in central monoaminergic neuronal function within three weeks of ligation of carotid arteries. This time interval seems to represent a turning point in the process of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced progressive brain injury.     

Effect of Chronic Variate Stress on Thiobarbituric-Acid Reactive Species and on Total Radical-Trapping Potential in Distinct Regions of Rat Brain

It has been suggested that oxidative stress is involved in aging and neuropathologic disorders. In addition, chronic stress and high corticosterone levels are suggested to induce neuronal death. The aim of this study is to verify the effect of chronic variate stress on lipoperoxidation and on the total radical-trapping potential (TRAP) in hippocampus, hypothalamus and cerebral cortex. Adult male Wistar rats were submitted to different stressors during 40 days. Lipid peroxide levels were assessed by the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) reaction, and TRAP was measured by the decrease in luminescence using the 2-2-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane)-luminol system. The results showed that in cerebral cortex homogenates chronic stress induces an increase in oxidative stress. In hypothalamus a decreased lipoperoxidation was observed, however TRAP showed no difference. In hippocampus no difference was observed. We concluded that prolonged stress induces oxidative stress which varies selectively with the brain region.     

Effect of chronic hyperprolactinemia on daily changes of glutamate and aspartate concentrations in the median eminence and different hypothalamic areas of male rats

The 24h changes of glutamate (GLU) and aspartate (ASP) were studied in the median eminence (ME) and hypothalamic areas. It was analyzed whether prolactin may change their daily patterns. The hypothalamic concentration of these amino acids was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorometric detection. Plasma prolactin levels increased over the 24h light-dark cycle after pituitary grafting compared to controls, and its circadian rhythm was disrupted. In controls, aspartate and glutamate in the hypothalamic areas studied followed a specific daily variation or showed no rhythmicity. In the median eminence, hyperprolactinemia seem to phase advance the aspartate or glutamate peaks from 16:00 to 12:00. In the mediobasal hypothalamus, hyperprolactinemia altered daily changes of aspartate and significantly decreased its concentration. Also, it seems to delay the nocturnal glutamate peak compared to controls. In the posterior hypothalamus, hyperprolactinemia did not change aspartate and glutamate concentrations and their daily changes, although it increased the glutamine concentration. These data show the existence of 24h changes of amino acid concentration in three of the hypothalamic regions studied. Increased plasma prolactin levels differentially affected these patterns depending on the hypothalamic area analyzed. (Chronobiology International, 17(5), 631-643, 2000)     

慢性乙型肝炎舌红苔黄和舌淡苔白不同舌象的尿代谢组研究

目的：探索慢性乙型肝炎舌红苔黄和舌淡苔白不同舌象者的尿代谢差异指标,为中医舌象生物学物质基础微观辨证提供证据。方法：采用气相色谱／质谱联用（GC／MS ）技术方法获取慢性乙型肝炎舌红苔黄和舌淡苔白不同舌象者的尿液样本代谢指纹谱,用无监督的学习模式进行多变量统计分析,观察不同组别的人群之间是否存在“自然”的分类结构。利用有监督的学习模式进行数据分类模型的建立和检验,寻找造成样本聚集和离散的主要差异变量。利用商业化的代谢物谱库以及标准品数据库,进行物质鉴定。结果：慢性乙型肝炎舌红苔黄和舌淡苔白者在有监督的学习模式下具有良好的分开趋势,慢乙肝不同舌象者较健康者的差异代谢物谱主要与能量代谢、氨基酸代谢、核苷酸代谢以及肠道菌群代谢相关。结论：舌象是机体变化的重要窗口,不同舌象的外在表观潜在体内的代谢差异。     

黄芪汤治疗慢性肝病研究进展

黄芪汤,又名黄芪六一汤,始载于《太平惠氏和剂局方》,由黄芪和甘草组成。治诸虚不足,肢体劳倦,心中烦悸,唇口干渴,食少面黄。该方重用黄芪为君,辅以甘草和大枣,具有补气益虚损之功,历来或被单独应用,或取其药对组合应用于复方之中。课题组前期工作发现,黄芪汤“益气生精、补益虚损”,可显著改善乙肝后肝硬化的肝细胞坏死,提高肝细胞功能,促进早期肝硬化组织学的逆转。本文对黄芪汤治疗慢性肝病的研究情况做一综述。     

阿德福韦酯与拉米夫定治疗慢性乙肝的疗效对比

目的:比较阿德福韦酯与拉米夫定治疗慢性乙肝的远期疗效。方法:回顾性分析2012年5月至2014年5月我院收治的80例慢性乙肝患者的临床资料,随机分为研究组和对照组,每组各40例。研究组患者给予阿德福韦酯治疗,对照组患者给予拉米夫定治疗。观察两组患者不同时段肝功能指标复常率、病毒量转阴率、乙肝E抗原(HBe Ag)转阴率、粒细胞降低率及乙肝病毒脱氧核糖核酸(HBV-DNA)抑制率,并比较两组患者不良反应发生率。结果:研究组患者肝功能指标复常率、血病毒量转阴率、Hbe Ag转阴率均显著高于对照组同期对应值,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),但两组患者血粒细胞降低率无显著差异(P0.05);研究组患者HBV-DNA水平总抑制率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者均无严重不良反应发生(P0.05)。结论:阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙肝的疗效更显著,能有效抑制HBV-DNA复制且安全性较高。     

运动疗法对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者抑郁状态的效果观察

目的:探讨运动疗法对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者抑郁状态的临床效果。方法:选取52例COPD患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,各26例。对照组给予支气管扩张、健康教育、氧疗,试验组在对照组的基础上实施运动疗法,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、ADL生活质量量表对两组患者治疗前后进行评估。结果:对照组患者SAS、SDS评分治疗前后无明显变化,试验患者SAS、SDS评分均明显低于治疗前(P0.05),两组治疗后组间比较,差异亦有统计学意义(P0.05);试验组生活质量的改善优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:运动疗法能有效的改善COPD患者焦虑、抑郁负性情绪,提高患者的生存质量。     

头孢菌素联合鱼腥草注射液治疗老年慢性支气管炎的效果研究

目的：观察头孢菌素联合鱼腥草注射液治疗老年慢性支气管炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法：按照随机原则将76 例老年慢性 支气管炎患者分成两组,在常规治疗的基础上,其中对照组76 人采用头孢菌素治疗,治疗组患者在对照组治疗的基础上给予鱼 腥草注射液治疗,对两组临床费用、住院时间和临床疗效进行评价。结果：治疗组和对照组的住院时间分别为(26.0± 4.2)d 和 (32.4± 3.4)d,住院时间差异有显著性(P<0.05);治疗组的医疗费用为(10477± 1273.2)元,对照组医疗费用为(12790± 892.3)元,两组 医疗费用差异有显著性(P<0.05);治疗组临床有效率为83.4%,显著高于对照组的临床有效率(70.8%)(P<0.05)。结论：头孢菌素联 合鱼腥草注射液治疗老年慢性支气管炎的临床疗效确切,值得临床推广。     

吸入高浓度氢气对大鼠慢性阻塞性肺病的保护作用

目的:COPD是严重威胁人类健康的慢性呼吸系统疾病,而目前的治疗手段均不理想。氧化应激在COPD发病机制中发挥重要作用,而氢气具有选择性抗氧化特性。因此探讨氢气对COPD是否具有保护作用具有重要的现实意义。方法:采用被动吸烟法建立大鼠COPD模型,建模成功后对模型动物进行氢气吸入治疗。通过动物肺功能检测、肺组织形态学观察评价氢气对COPD是否具有治疗作用。并进一步通过检测血清及肺组织中MDA水平,以及肺组织中炎性因子水平初步探讨其可能的作用机制。结果:持续8周的烟熏造模,使大鼠体重Lee's指数显著降低,而氢气治疗2周后,Lee's指数较模型组有明显改善。动物肺功能检测显示,持续烟熏使大鼠肺气道阻力明显增加,潮气量和肺顺应性明显降低;氢气吸入治疗2周后,与COPD模型组相比,大鼠肺气道阻力、潮气量和肺顺应性均有明显改善。氢气可以明显改善烟熏引起的肺组织病理改变。氢气对烟熏引起血清及肺组织内MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β水平升高具有明显的抑制作用。结论:吸入氢气对烟熏引起的大鼠COPD具有明显的治疗作用。     

右美托米定对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者镇静效果的临床观察

目的:探讨右美托咪定对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者机械通气的镇静效果和安全性。方法:选取2012年6月-2014年9月在我院接受气管插管呼吸机辅助通气治疗的AECOPD患者62例,并将其随机分为实验组和对照组。其中,对照组患者给予常规治疗,实验组在常规治疗的基础上给予右美托咪镇痛。观察和比较两组患者机械通气持续时间、ICU停住时间、呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)、心动过缓和谵妄的发生率。结果:实验组患者机械通气时间及ICU停住时间均明显短于对照组,VAP、心动过缓及谵妄的发生率均显著低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定对行机械通气慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者良好的镇静效果,且安全性高,值得临床推广。