慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液中IL-8 和TNF-alpha水平变化及临床意义

目的：探讨慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液中白细胞介素-8（IL-8）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平变化及临床意义,为临床诊疗提 供参考。方法：选择2013 年12 月到2015 年12 月我院收治的60 例慢性牙周炎患者为实验组,选择同期60 例牙周健康者为对照 组。对照组对象于体检时、实验组患者于牙周常规治疗前后收集龈沟液并记录牙龈指数（GI）、牙龈沟出血指数（SBI）、菌斑指数 （PLI）、牙周袋探诊深度（PD）、临床附着丧失（CAL）等牙周临床指标。测量并比较两组对象龈沟液中IL-8 和TNF-α水平。结果：实 验组患者治疗前GI、SBI、PLI、PD 及CAL 等牙周临床指标均明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后,实验组患 者各牙周临床指标明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。实验组患者治疗 前龈沟液中IL-8 和TNF-α水平均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后,实验组患者龈沟液中IL-8 和TNF-alpha水 平均明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。实验组患者治疗前龈沟液中IL-8 水平与牙周临床指标PD 呈正相关性（r=0. 495,P=0.027）,TNF-α水平与牙周临床指标SBI、PD 呈正相关性（r=0.512,0.673;P=0.019,0.012）。结论：慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液中 IL-8 和TNF-α具有较高水平,两者可能与慢性牙周炎的发生发展有关,对于临床诊断慢性牙周炎具有积极的临床意义。     

小儿慢性胃炎的消化道外表现(附864 例报道)

目的:分析和总结小儿慢性胃炎的消化道外表现。方法:选择2008年1月~2008年10月哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院儿科门诊诊治的经腹部胃区叩诊法确诊为慢性胃炎的患儿864例,建立随访卡片,分析和总结其消化道内及消化道外的临床表现。结果:864例患儿常见的消化道症状依次为腹痛、恶心呕吐、便秘、上腹压痛。消化道外表现依次为头痛、刀枪刺、鼻出血、胸痛、多动抽动、手足搐搦。消化道外表现的发病率并不低于消化道表现,特别是头痛的发病率高达58.54%。腹痛、恶心呕吐症状缓解得最快,其次是头痛、头晕、胸闷、胸痛,多动症状较晚缓解,腹部叩痛的消失时间最晚。结论:小儿慢性胃炎的胃肠道外表现广泛存在,且极易与脑炎、心肌炎误诊,值得关注。头痛、胸痛的产生原因可能与内脏-内脏之间的牵涉痛有关。     

心包剥离术对老年慢性缩窄性心包炎患者ANF与ET的影响

目的:探讨心包剥离术对老年慢性缩窄性心包炎心钠素(ANF)与内皮素(ET)变化的影响。方法:收集我院收治的慢性缩窄性心包炎患者66例,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组各33例,患者均给予相应治疗,对照组给予相应强心、扩血管药物,实验组患者行心包剥离术,治疗结束后,对所有患者的ANF、ET、血压以及临床治疗效果进行检测并比较。结果:与治疗前相比,治疗后两组患者ANF、ET、舒张压以及脉压水平均下降,收缩压水平升高(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者ANF、ET、舒张压以及脉压水平较低,收缩压水平较高(P0.05);实验组患者治疗总有效率较高(P0.05)。结论:心包剥离术能够降低慢性缩窄性心包炎患者ANF、ET、舒张压以及脉压水平,升高收缩压水平,临床疗效较好,对临床有指导意义。     

不同电针方法对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠下丘脑TRH表达的影响

目的:研究分析两种不同电针方法对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠(CUMS)下丘脑中促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)表达的影响。方法:选取60只健康雄性SPF级SD大鼠编号后采用随机数字表法分为对照组(正常喂养)、模型组(仅建立CUMS模型,不予治疗)、观察组A(建立CUMS模型后,脉冲电针治疗)、观察组B(建立CUMS模型后,音乐电针治疗)、氟西汀组(建立CUMS模型后,氟西汀治疗)各12只,对除对照组之外的其他各组大鼠进行1只/笼的孤养结合方式建造CUMS模型,利用开野实验观察各组大鼠行为学改变,采用实时荧光定量(PCR)法测定各组大鼠下丘脑组织中TRH m RNA的表达,采用免疫组化法测定TRH蛋白的表达。结果:在刺激21 d后,模型组大鼠的水平运动次数、垂直运动次数显著的低于对照组、实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的水平运动次数、垂直运动次数显著低于对照组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的水平运动次数、垂直运动次数差异无统计学意义(P0.05);模型组大鼠的下丘脑TRH m RNA、TRH蛋白水平低于对照组、实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的大鼠的下丘脑TRH m RNA、TRH蛋白水平显著低于对照组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的大鼠的下丘脑TRH m RNA、TRH蛋白水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:CUMS大鼠下丘脑中促甲状腺激素释放激素表达水平降低,脉冲电针与音乐电针能有效逆转这一现象,效果相当。     

上胸段硬膜外阻滞治疗慢性心力衰竭合并房颤的临床研究

目的:比较上胸段硬膜外阻滞对有无合并房颤的扩张型心肌病心衰患者的疗效差异。方法:入选40例扩张型心肌病心衰患者,根据入院心电图有无房颤分为房颤组和非房颤组。所有患者均在抗心力衰竭常规治疗基础上,给予胸段硬膜外阻滞治疗4周,比较治疗前、后NYHA心功能分级、血浆N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)水平、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张期内径(LVEDD)及左房前后径(LAD)的变化情况。结果:与治疗前比较,两组患者经治疗后的NYHA心功能分级、NT-pro BNP、LVEF、LVEDD及LAD均明显改善(均P0.05),差异有统计学意义,但两组间各指标治疗前后的差值无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对于慢性心力衰竭合并房颤的患者而言,给予抗心力衰竭常规治疗基础上联合上胸段硬膜外阻滞治疗有效,且房颤的存在与否不影响上胸段硬膜外阻滞的疗效。     

A proteomics approach to identifying key protein targets involved in VEGF inhibitor mediated attenuation of bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with a life expectancy of less than 5 years post diagnosis for most patients. Poor molecular characterization of IPF has led to insufficient understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, resulting in lack of effective therapies. In this study, we have integrated a label‐free LC‐MS based approach with systems biology to identify signaling pathways and regulatory nodes within protein interaction networks that govern phenotypic changes that may lead to IPF. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of proteins modulated in response to bleomycin treatment identified PI3K/Akt and Wnt signaling as the most significant profibrotic pathways. Similar analysis of proteins modulated in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor (CBO‐P11) treatment identified natural killer cell signaling and PTEN signaling as the most significant antifibrotic pathways. Mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) were identified to be key mediators of pro‐ and antifibrotic response, where bleomycin (BLM) treatment resulted in increased expression and VEGF inhibitor treatment attenuated expression of mTOR and ERK. Using a BLM mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis and VEGF inhibitor CBO‐P11 as a therapeutic measure, we identified a comprehensive set of signaling pathways and proteins that contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis that can be targeted for therapy against this fatal disease.     

Acute stress is detrimental to heart regeneration in zebrafish

Psychological stress is one of the factors associated with human cardiovascular disease. Here, we demonstrate that acute perceived stress impairs the natural capacity of heart regeneration in zebrafish. Beside physical and chemical disturbances, intermittent crowding triggered an increase in cortisol secretion and blocked the replacement of fibrotic tissue with new myocardium. Pharmacological simulation of stress by pulse treatment with dexamethasone/adrenaline reproduced the regeneration failure, while inhibition of the stress response with anxiolytic drugs partially rescued the regenerative process. Impaired heart regeneration in stressed animals was associated with a reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation and with the downregulation of several genes, including igfbp1b, a modulator of IGF signalling. Notably, daily stress induced a decrease in Igf1r phosphorylation. As cardiomyocyte proliferation was decreased in response to IGF-1 receptor inhibition, we propose that the stress-induced cardiac regenerative failure is partially caused by the attenuation of IGF signalling. These findings indicate that the natural regenerative ability of the zebrafish heart is vulnerable to the systemic paracrine stress response.     

A simple recipe for setting up the flux equations of cyclic and linear reaction schemes of ion transport with a high number of states: The arrow scheme

The calculation of flux equations or current-voltage relationships in reaction kinetic models with a high number of states can be very cumbersome. Here, a recipe based on an arrow scheme is presented, which yields a straightforward access to the minimum form of the flux equations and the occupation probability of the involved states in cyclic and linear reaction schemes. This is extremely simple for cyclic schemes without branches. If branches are involved, the effort of setting up the equations is a little bit higher. However, also here a straightforward recipe making use of so-called reserve factors is provided for implementing the branches into the cyclic scheme, thus enabling also a simple treatment of such cases.     

Heterotopic Renal Autotransplantation in a Porcine Model: A Step-by-Step Protocol

Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients suffering from end-stage renal disease. It offers better life expectancy and higher quality of life when compared to dialysis. Although the last few decades have seen major improvements in patient outcomes following kidney transplantation, the increasing shortage of available organs represents a severe problem worldwide. To expand the donor pool, marginal kidney grafts recovered from extended criteria donors (ECD) or donated after circulatory death (DCD) are now accepted for transplantation. To further improve the postoperative outcome of these marginal grafts, research must focus on new therapeutic approaches such as alternative preservation techniques, immunomodulation, gene transfer, and stem cell administration.Experimental studies in animal models are the final step before newly developed techniques can be translated into clinical practice. Porcine kidney transplantation is an excellent model of human transplantation and allows investigation of novel approaches. The major advantage of the porcine model is its anatomical and physiological similarity to the human body, which facilitates the rapid translation of new findings to clinical trials. This article offers a surgical step-by-step protocol for an autotransplantation model and highlights key factors to ensure experimental success. Adequate pre- and postoperative housing, attentive anesthesia, and consistent surgical techniques result in favorable postoperative outcomes. Resection of the contralateral native kidney provides the opportunity to assess post-transplant graft function. The placement of venous and urinary catheters and the use of metabolic cages allow further detailed evaluation. For long-term follow-up studies and investigation of alternative graft preservation techniques, autotransplantation models are superior to allotransplantation models, as they avoid the confounding bias posed by rejection and immunosuppressive medication.