夏石金花茶的核型研究

本文研究了夏石金花茶(Camellia xiashiensis S. Y. Liang et C. Z. Deng, sp. nov. ined)的核型。结果表明:其体细胞染色体数目为2n=30,具12对中部着丝点染色体.5对近中部着丝点染色体,第15对染色体具1对随体。根据Levan等的分类原则。其核型为2n=2x=24m(2SAT)+6sm。属于Stebbins核型的“2A”型。     

伊贝母愈伤组织在继代培养过程中的染色体变异和分化频率的研究

本文报道了伊贝母愈伤组织在不同培养基上继代培养的的染色体变异和分化频率。结果表明,随着继代培养的进程,二倍体细胞频率逐渐减少。亚二倍体和超二倍体细胞频率迅速增加。同时还观察到比率不等的亚单倍体、单倍体,超三倍体和超四倍体细胞。于是培养物最终变成为只有少量整倍体而多数为非整倍体染色体数的混倍体细胞群体。不同培养基对染色体变异的效应是2,4-D+KT>IAA+KT>NAA+KT。分化频率随继代次数的增加而下降。同时还观察到了各种类型的染色体结构变异和有丝分裂异常。根据试验结果,对继代培养中染色体变异的原因以及与分化频率的关系进行了讨论。     

几种盐肤木属植物的染色体观察

盐肤木(Rhus)属(广义)是漆树科中最多态最大的属,全世界分布有300余种,我国有20余种。本文报道了4种盐肤木属(Rhus)植物的染色体观察结果:1.盐肤木R.chinensis 2n=30,有0-5个B染色体存在;2.青麸杨R.potaninii 2n=30,本文为首次报道;3.火矩树R.typhiflua 2n=30;4.R.verniciflua 2n=30,但其中一个栽培品种为三倍体(2n=3x=45)。盐肤木、青麸杨为我国重要的倍子树,漆树是我国特种经济林木,火矩树为速生绿化风景树种,本文为进一步发掘利用及深入研究这些植物提供了细胞学依据。B染色体在木本植物中极少出现,在盐肤木中发现B染色体,对深入研究B染色体的起源、分布等有一定的意义。同时本文为Rhus属的分类问题提供了一些细胞学信息。     

小麦品种小偃6号染色体结构变异的细胞学研究

本文报道了小麦品种小偃6号的染色体结构变异。小偃6号及其亲缘品种与中国春小麦杂交,杂种F_1染色体配对资料表明:小偃6号及其父本小偃96与中国春在染色体结构上有很大差异。八倍体小偃麦小偃693与小偃6号和小偃96杂种F_1减数分裂中期出现19″+2′′′+5′的染色体构型,说明小偃6号和小偃96至少含有两个长穗偃麦草染色体片段。将小偃6号与中国春双端体系列杂交,杂种F_1中1AL、2AS、5AS、6AS和7BS端着丝点染色体配对频率极显著地低于(中国春×小偃6号)F_1的平均染色体臂配对频率(90.1％),从而将小偃6号中的异源片段局限于这5个染色体臂内;同时发现:1AL、2DS、4DS、6AL及3B(t″s+t′L)端体中的端着丝点染色体参与了杂种F_1中多价体的形成,或与此有关,故认为小偃6号与中国春至少有两个相互易位的差异,涉及到染色体1A、2D、3B、4D和6A。文章还对小偃6号异源易位的起源和鉴定等进行了讨论。     

水稻染色体G—带的研究

用改良的ASG法首次在籼稻(O.sativa subsp.indica)品种珍汕97和粳稻(O.subsp.iaponica)品种秀岭的有丝分裂染色体上显示了G-带,并作了相应的G-带核型分析。就同一材料来说,随着有丝分裂时期的推进,染色体上带纹数目逐渐减少。籼、粳亚种间相对应的同源染色体上G-带带纹特征彼此相似。讨论了水稻G-带带型与染色体不同区域分化的关系;G-带带型与籼、粳稻分歧的关系;以及G-显带的方法。     

Untersuchungen zur Karyologie und Mikrosporogenese vonPelargonium sect.Pelargonium (Geraniaceae)

The chromosome numbers of the 24 species of sect.Pelargonium were determined from field collected and cultivated plants of known localities in S. Africa. Twelve species are diploid (2n = 22), eight tetraploid (2n = 44), one hexaploid (2n = 66), and three octoploid (2n = 88). The chromosome numbers correlate well with the proposed subdivision of sect.Pelargonium. Its chromosomes are relatively small (1.0–1.5 µm) in comparison to most of the other sections, and its diploid karyotype is considered to be primitive. The occurrence of the basic number x = 11 in this section, in other sections of the genus, and in related genera (Monsonia, Sarcocaulon) leads to the conclusion that x = 11 probably is basic for the whole genus. — The pollen meiosis, microsporogenesis and pollen fertility of the diploid species is normal, with the exception of one, possibly young taxon from the Greyton Nature Reserve. The tetraploid species could be of autoploid origin, the higher polyploids exhibit a mixed auto-alloploid nature. — The 20 diploid and tetraploid species have a relatively small distribution range, most of them occur in the SW. Cape Province of South Africa. This area may therefore be considered as the centre of origin of the genus. Three of the four high polyploid species occupy rather large areas.

Untersuchungen zur Karyologie und Mikrosporogenese der GattungPelargonium, 1.     

Structural variability and chromosome numbers variation in natural populations ofScilla autumnalis (Liliaceae)

Chromosome variability within three populations ofScilla autumnalis was analysed. Among a total of 167 individuals we have detected one triploid structural heterozygote, 26 B-containing (with two different B-types), 11 structural variants (in the fifth chromosome pair), and one asynaptic. The possible relation between both types of chromosome variability (structural and chromosome numbers) is discussed.     

The fluorophenylalanine sensitive and resistant tobacco cell lines,TX1 and TX 4 1. DNA contents,chromosome numbers,nuclear ultrastructures,and effects of spermidine

Summary The two tobacco cell lines TX 1 (wild type) and TX 4 (Palmer andWidholm 1975), which are respectively sensitive and resistant to pfluorophenylalanine, were studied by light and electron microscopy and scanning cytophotometry. The two cell lines differ in the following respects: TX 1 cells exhibit spherical cells, a chromatin organization like in free-grown plants ofNicotiana tabacum, and mainly diploid and haploid DNA values. TX 4 cells show large elongated (thread-like) cells, a diffuse nuclear ultrastructure, and mainly tetraploid and octoploid DNA values. Chromosome number counts indicate that dividing TX 1 cells own a karyotype close to the diploid one, while dividing TX 4 cells are around the tetraploid state. In addition, the effects of an exogenous polyamine, spermidine, on chromatin organization were investigated. While the wild type cell line, TX1, did not respond to the treatment, the mutant, fluorophenylalanine resistant cell line, TX4, exhibited reduced nuclear size and increased chromatin condensation.