重庆地区蕨类植物区系的初步研究

对重庆地区蕨类植物从科、属分布区类型进行了统计分析,同时将该区区系特征与其它几个地区进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)该区共有蕨类植物389种(含变种和变型),隶属于109属, 43科。(2)该区蕨类植物中优势科、属十分明显,其中优势科为:鳞毛蕨科、金星蕨科、水龙骨科、蹄盖蕨科、凤尾蕨科;优势属为鳞毛蕨属、耳蕨属、凤尾蕨属、铁角蕨属、卷柏属、凤丫蕨属。(3)从蕨类植物科、属分布区类型的所占比例来看,该地区区系性质以热带成分占优势,其中热带分布科22科,占总科数的75.00%;热带分布属有60属,占总属数的64.52%(剔除世界分布)。(4)本区区系成分古老,古老孑遗的科属较为丰富,但特有现象不明显。(5)该区地形、气候条件对于蕨类植物的散布和充分发育比较适宜,为其在该区的充分发育创造了极为有力的条件。(6)经对比分析和聚类分析表明:该区与临近的几个地区属的相似性系数很高,特别是与西南地区的西藏、横断山区的属相似性系数较大,表明区系上与这些地区有着广泛的联系;而与华北的内蒙古,东北的辽宁等相距较远的地区属的相似性系数较低,表明区系上联系较为疏远。     

重庆岩溶区土壤有机碳库的估算及其空间分布特征

基于重庆市第二次土壤普查和2007年测土配方施肥的1 412个土壤剖面数据,结合重庆岩溶区土壤图、土地利用现状图和行政区划图,在地理信息系统技术的支持下,对重庆岩溶区土壤有机碳密度及储量进行了估算,同时引入有机碳丰度指数这一指标,对有机碳在不同土壤和不同景观中的分布特征进行了分析.结果表明:重庆岩溶区20 cm和100 cm深度的土壤有机碳储量分别为1.43×1011 kg和3.29×1011 kg.不同土地利用方式下重庆岩溶区土壤有机碳密度分布不均匀,20 cm深度的土壤有机碳密度介于1.26～7.20 kg m-2之间,100 cm深度的土壤有机碳密度介于1.43～25.72 kg m-2之间.重庆岩溶区土壤有机碳库在不同土壤和不同景观中的分布具有高度的空间变异性,20 cm深度的土壤和景观有机碳丰度指数分别在0.73～1.74和0.39～1.20之间,100 cm深度的土壤和景观有机碳丰度指数分别在0.32～3.00和0.46～1.70之间.与全国的平均水平相比,单位面积上20 cm深度土壤有机碳储量重庆岩溶区高于全国的平均水平,但单位面积上100 cm深度土壤有机碳储量重庆岩溶区低于全国的平均水平,总体而言,重庆岩溶区是土壤有机碳储量相对贫乏的区域.     

基于属性理论的城市生态系统健康评价——以重庆市北部新区为例

确定了城市生态系统健康评价指标体系,提出了基于属性理论的城市生态系统健康评价模型及评价方法。以重庆北部新区为对象,运用该模型和方法对重庆北部新区生态系统健康现状进行了评价。结果表明:重庆北部新区城市生态系统现状属于一般健康类;基于评价结果识别健康限制因素,提出了生态系统健康调控措施。     

Seed coating with beneficial microorganisms for precision agriculture

Seed coating is a technique of covering seeds with adhesive agents to improve seed performance and plant establishment while reducing production cost. To meet the needs of development of precision agriculture, seed coating has been widely used in agriculture as an effective means to alleviate biotic and abiotic stresses, thus enhancing crop growth, yield, and health. Plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPM) are recognized as essential contributors to improving agricultural productivity via direct application to the rhizosphere and plant tissues, or seed inoculation. However, during conventional inoculation processes, several factors such as insufficient microbial survival, hindrance in the application of biocontrol inocula to the seeds and exposure to unsuitable temperature and light in subsequent seed storage, force us to explore efficient and reliable microbial application tools. Recently, biological seed coating with PGPM is proposed as an alternative to conventional seed treatment (such as fertilizer and protection products) due to its ecological safety and socio-economic aspects. In this review, microbial seed coating technology and its contribution to sustainable precision agriculture are well discussed and highlighted in the extensive table and elaborate schematic drawings.     

Pigmentation of the Early Silurian shallow marine red beds in South China as exemplified by the Rongxi Formation of Xiushan,southeastern Chongqing,central China

The origin and pigmentation of red beds have long been investigated, but mainly on continental settings and carbonate facies (including deep marine red beds). This paper focuses on the shallow marine clastic red beds developed in South China during the Silurian. Based on the sedimentological and geochemical analyses on red layers, green layers and laminae of the Rongxi Formation (Llandovery, Lower Silurian) of Xiushan, southeastern Chongqing, known as the ‘lower red beds’ (LRBs), the following observations are made: (1) the LRBs are primary red beds whereas the green layers are secondary (i.e., formed during early diagenesis); (2) the color differentiation of sediments shows little relevance to the bottom redox potential shift but has a close relationship to grain size and sediment sorting which may be caused by sea level changes and tides. The controlling factors of LRBs pigmentation are significantly different from those of deep marine red beds, and some coeval red beds in North America and Europe. It is noted that, among the shallow marine clastic red beds, the sedimentological and geochemical signatures from the laminae seem to better indicate the environmental conditions than those derived from the layers.