四种植物生长调节剂对线纹香茶菜组织培养的影响

以线纹香茶菜叶切片、茎切段为外植体,研究2,4-D、NAA、6-BA、CPPU对其快速繁殖的影响。结果表明,0.2~0.3mg/L CPPU能诱导叶切片、茎切段两端切口处产生不定芽,平均诱导率分别为22.5%和66.0%,亦能使叶腋形成丛生芽;其活性高于相同浓度的6-BA。0.2mg/L CPPU与0.1mg/L NAA配比对无根苗的芽增殖效果最佳。在附加0.2mg/L NAA的1/2MS培养基上无根苗的生根效果最好。     

Specifically deuterated and tritiated auxins

Regiospecific syntheses of monodeuterated and monotritiated natural auxin (indole- 3-acetic acid), a synthetic auxin (naphthalene-1-acetic acid) and a photoaffinity labeling auxin (5-azidoindole-3-acetic acid) are described. These syntheses provide benzene-ring tritiated auxins for use in reversible and covalent binding studies.     

Metabolic profiling reveals disorder of amino acid metabolism in four brain regions from a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress

Chronic stress is closely linked to clinical depression, which could be assessed by a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) animal model. We present here a GC/MS-based metabolic profiling approach to investigate neurochemical changes in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and remaining brain tissues. Multi-criteria assessment for multivariate statistics could identify differential metabolites between the CUMS-model rats versus the healthy controls. This study demonstrates that the significantly perturbed metabolites mainly involving amino acids play an indispensable role in regulating neural activity in the brain. Therefore, results obtained from such metabolic profiling strategy potentially provide a unique perspective on molecular mechanisms of chronic stress.     

NAA对胡萝卜（Daucus carota）悬浮细胞茄红素合成的影响

通过对胡萝卜新透心红 DaucuscarotaCV.XinTouxinhong 细胞悬浮系单位鲜重细胞的茄红素含量、细胞总产量以及茄红素总产量的分析比较,研究了培养基中不同NAA浓度对胡萝卜细胞悬浮系茄红素代谢的影响.结果表明,NAA具有增强细胞茄红素代谢水平、提高单位鲜重细胞中茄红素的含量的作用,但对细胞的生长具有抑制作用.从茄红素单产和总产量综合评价,培养基中加入3.0mg·L-1NAA效果最佳.     

外源α-萘乙酸对花期长期干旱大豆叶片抗氧化系统的影响

以不同耐旱型品种‘南农99-6’和‘科丰1号’大豆为材料,2012年在南京农业大学牌楼试验站进行为期110 d的盆栽试验,研究大豆花期叶面喷施α-萘乙酸(NAA)对长期干旱条件下大豆植株抗氧化系统的影响.结果表明: 干旱胁迫显著降低了大豆地上部干物质量,叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量及活性氧(ROS)水平显著升高,同时,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（MDHAR）、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性,还原型抗坏血酸(AsA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及AsA/DHA(双脱氢抗坏血酸)和GSH/GSSG(氧化型谷胱甘肽)比值显著升高,其中‘科丰1号’大豆的抗氧化能力更高,从而维持较低的ROS水平和MDA含量.NAA可显著提高叶片中的APX、POD、CAT、MDHAR活性及AsA/DHA、GSH/GSSG比值,其中‘科丰1号’大豆叶片的脱氢抗坏血栓还原酶（DHAR）活性和AsA含量极显著增加.     

Somatic embryogenesis, scanning electron microscopy, histology and biochemical analysis at different developing stages of embryogenesis in six date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars

An efficient somatic embryogenesis system has been established in six date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars (Barhee, Zardai, Khalasah, Muzati, Shishi and Zart). Somatic embryogenesis (SE) was growth regulators and cultivars dependent. Friable embryogenic callus was induced from excised shoot tips on MS medium supplemented with various auxins particularly 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 1.5 mg 1^−l). Suspension culture increased embryogenesis potentiality. Only a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 0.5 mg 1⁻¹) produced somatic embryos in culture. Somatic embryos germinated and converted into plantlets in N⁶-benzyladenine (BAP, 0.75 mg 1^−l) added medium following a treatment with thidiazuron (TDZ, 1.0 mg 1^−l) for maturation. Scanning electron microscopy showed early stages of somatic embryo particularly, globular types, and was in masses. Different developing stages of embryogenesis (heart, torpedo and cotyledonary) were observed under histological preparation of embryogenic callus. Biochemical screening at various stages of somatic embryogenesis (embryogenic callus, somatic embryos, matured, germinated embryos and converted plantlets) of date palm cultivars has been conducted and discussed in detail. The result discussed in this paper indicates that somatic embryos were produced in numbers and converted plantlets can be used as a good source of alternative propagation. Genetic modification to the embryo precursor cell may improve the fruit quality and yield further.     

NAA对蜜环菌生长及CAT,SOD活性影响的研究

低浓度（低于30mg／L）的α－萘乙酸（NAA）能刺激密环菌的生长,其生长量可提高0～47．1％;并促进密环菌中SOD（超氧化物歧化酶）和CAT（过氧化氢酶）活性提高,随NAA处理浓度的增加及时间的延长（0～12d）2酶活性随之增强。过高浓度则2酶活性提高率下降,但仍高于对照。10mg／LNAA处理12dSOD活性提高61．1％,处理16dCAT活性提高54．7％。10mg／LNAA处理时可提高密环菌中可溶性蛋白质含量13．0％～17．4％。     

铁线莲品种‘Multi-Blue’不定根的诱导培养及其发生过程的解剖学观察

对适宜于铁线莲品种 'Multi-Blue'(Clematis 'Multi-Blue')不定芽生根培养的基本培养基进行了筛选,并采用L9(32)正交实验设计对生根培养基中NAA和IBA质量浓度进行了比较分析,对不定根形成过程中解剖结构的变化也进行了观察.接种在1/2MS培养基上的铁线莲品种'Multi-Blue'不定芽的生根率极显著高于改良1/2MS、MS和WPM培养基(P<0.01),生根率达66.97%;在1/2MS培养基中添加 0.05 mg·L-1 NAA,不定芽的生根效果最好,生根率达69.34%,极显著高于其他处理组(P<0.01).研究结果表明,添加0.05 mg·L-1 NAA的1/2MS培养基(含30 g·L-1蔗糖和8 g·L-1琼脂,pH 5.8)为铁线莲品种'Multi-Blue'不定芽生根培养的最佳培养基.在不定芽的茎横切面上未见潜伏根原基存在;而在接种约1周后,不定芽茎基部皮层的薄壁细胞逐渐恢复分生能力,出现胞质变浓、核质增加、液泡缩小及细胞排列紧密等变化,细胞开始分裂并形成分生细胞团;接种后约2周,根原基发端细胞不断分裂并逐渐形成体积较小、染色较深的一群分生细胞,并出现明显的分层结构;接种后约3周,细胞继续进行平周分裂和垂周分裂,并分化出球形或楔形的不定根根原基;根原基在皮层中常发生弯曲或分支,且皮层处的不定根加粗生长,最终突破皮孔并形成独立的不定根.观察结果表明,铁线莲品种'Multi-Blue'不定芽基部形成的不定根根原基为诱生根原基.     

In vitro biotechnological advancements in Malabar nut (Adhatoda vasica Nees): Achievements,status and prospects

Adhatoda vasica Nees, belonging to family Acanthaceae, is a well-known medicinal plant. It is endorsed for its pyrroloquinazoline alkaloids and its derivatives, such as vasicine and vasicinone. Germinating A. vasica seeds is a tedious task; on that account, vegetative propagation is the preferred method for its multiplication. For rapid and large-scale multiplication, germplasm conservation as well as secondary metabolites production, in vitro culture of A. vasica was preferred over conventional propagation by several researchers; however, some major applications of this tissue culture technique are still awaiting to undergo extensive research. The present review, for the first time, illustrates all the major achievements associated with in vitro regeneration of A. vasica, reported till date and highlights the future prospects.