四川阿坝不同生境绿绒蒿内生放线菌多样性

【背景】目前国内外对绿绒蒿内生放线菌的研究较为鲜见,利用可培养和免培养的方法可以丰富绿绒蒿内生放线菌资源。【目的】药用植物绿绒蒿生长于高海拔地区,而四川阿坝州生态环境适合绿绒蒿的生长,本研究旨在探究绿绒蒿内生放线菌的多样性及群落结构。【方法】从阿坝州6个不同地理位置采集的药用植物绿绒蒿,经严格的表面消毒后,用可培养和PCR-DGGE技术相结合的方法对其内生放线菌进行分析。【结果】可培养方法分析表明不同器官放线菌数量为根叶茎花;16S r DNA限制性内切酶片段长度多态性(RFLP)分析将供试菌株分为7个遗传群,系统发育分析表明,绿绒蒿内生放线菌可分为3簇遗传群落,链霉菌属(Streptomyces)为优势菌群,占总数的50%,还包括北里孢菌属(Kitasatospora)和厄氏菌属(Oerskovia),其中茎分离的放线菌多样性最好。不同地理位置的绿绒蒿经过PCR-DGGE技术分析表明,采样点松潘尕力台的根、茎、叶多样性指数最好,红原安曲乡的花多样性指数最好,而同一地理位置绿绒蒿内部组织之间总体来看茎和花的多样性指数最好,通过测序条带系统发育发现绿绒蒿内生放线菌可分为8簇遗传群落,红球菌属(Rhodococcus)为优势菌群,占总数的70%,还包括棒杆菌属(Corynebacterium)、诺卡氏菌属(Nocardia)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、栖霉菌属(Mycetocola)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)、假诺卡氏菌属(Pseudonocardia)和链霉菌属(Streptomyces)。【结论】绿绒蒿根、茎、叶、花组织中具有丰富的多样性,能够为以后活性物质和药用功效的研究奠定基础。     

喜树内生放线菌多样性及抗菌活性评价

从采集于云南大学的喜树中分离到了90株内生放线菌,经16SrRNA基因序列分析鉴定,分布于6个科10个属。对所有分离到的菌株进行抗菌活性检测,发现33.4%的菌株有抗菌活性。通过PCR方法,检测了PKSⅠ、PKSⅡ和NRPS基因,阳性检出率分别为31.1%,48.9%和45.6%。     

接菌壮秧剂对低磷土壤水稻秧苗生理生化特性的影响

通过苗床培养试验,研究了在低磷土壤上接菌壮秧剂对水稻品种东农423秧苗生理生化特性的影响.结果表明,在低磷土壤上施用接种5406放线菌和溶磷青霉菌P77的壮秧剂可增加植株地上部的含磷量和吸磷量,减少根部的含磷量和吸磷量;提高水稻秧苗的硝酸还原酶活性,增加可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质的含量,减少硝态氮在植物体内的积累;其Chl a、Chl b、Chl a Chl b和类胡萝卜素含量呈降低趋势,但Chl a/Chl b比值的变化不明显;以上各指标除根部含磷量和Chl a/Chl b外,其它与对照差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01).研究发现,接菌壮秧剂可以有效改善水稻秧苗的磷素营养状况,且接种P77的效果好于5406,2种菌的接种浓度均以5×107cfu/g效果较佳.     

药用植物内生放线菌的生物活性及菌株D62的代谢产物分析

利用琼脂移块法及WST-8法分别对分离自西双版纳药用植物的165株内生放线菌进行了抗菌、抗肿瘤活性测定。结果显示,超过42%的菌株对病原菌表现出拮抗活性,且对病原真菌的总体拮抗活性明显强于土壤放线菌;78%的菌株表现出抗肿瘤活性,且大部分菌株(54.5%)具有强抗肿瘤活性。选取其中对真菌及肿瘤细胞均有高抑制活性的菌株D62,并对其次生代谢产物进行了进一步的研究,共分离得6个化合物,分别是Antimycin A4a(1),Antimycin A7a(2)、Antimycin A2a(3)、Antimycin A1a(4)、10-hydroxy-10-methyl-dodec-2-en-1,4-olide(5)及6-(2-(4-aminophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one(6),其中化合物6为新化合物。以上结果表明药用植物内生放线菌作为一类新的微生物资源具有很好的开发潜力。     

Analysis of Salt-Containing Biofilms on Limestone Buildings of the Mayan Culture at Edzna,Mexico

Biofilms on the salted ceiling of a limestone tunnel at the Mayan site of Edzna, Mexico, were characterised using SEM, EDS, chemical analysis, light microscopy, culture and pigment analysis. Major superficial biomass was pigmented, scytonemin-rich Subsection II cyanobacteria. Main endolithic phototrophs were Subsection I and II cyanobacteria and the alga Nanochlorum. Bacteria and actinomycetes of the Geodermatophilus, nocardioform, and streptomycete groups were present at all levels. Salt crystals, mainly sulfates, were found throughout the stone. Microbial ion transport, metabolite production, chelation, and water retention caused degradation and salt deposits. Exfoliation is the major erosion process.     

An <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-acyl homolog of mycothiol is produced in marine actinomycetes

Marine actinomycetes have generated much recent interest as a potentially valuable source of novel antibiotics. Like terrestrial actinomycetes the marine actinomycetes are shown here to produce mycothiol as their protective thiol. However, a novel thiol, U25, was produced by MAR2 strain CNQ703 upon progression into stationary phase when secondary metabolite production occurred and became the dominant thiol. MSH and U25 were maintained in a reduced state during early stationary phase, but become significantly oxidized after 10 days in culture. Isolation and structural analysis of the monobromobimane derivative identified U25 as a homolog of mycothiol in which the acetyl group attached to the nitrogen of cysteine is replaced by a propionyl residue. This N-propionyl-desacetyl-mycothiol was present in 13 of the 17 strains of marine actinomycetes examined, including five strains of Salinispora and representatives of the MAR2, MAR3, MAR4 and MAR6 groups. Mycothiol and its precursor, the pseudodisaccharide 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosyl)-d-myo-inositol, were found in all strains. High levels of mycothiol S-conjugate amidase activity, a key enzyme in mycothiol-dependent detoxification, were found in most strains. The results demonstrate that major thiol/disulfide changes accompany secondary metabolite production and suggest that mycothiol-dependent detoxification is important at this developmental stage.     

连翘和水茄内生放线菌的多样性、活性及生物合成基因的PCR筛查

从采自成都地区的中药植物连翘Forsythia suspense和水茄Solanum torvum的根部分离到14株内生放线菌。活性筛选表明,10株菌的发酵粗提物具有不同程度的抗肿瘤活性,占全部菌株的71%;3株菌具有抗细菌活性,其中菌株A263具有较强的细胞毒活性和广谱抗细菌活性。基于16S rRNA基因部分序列的相似性分析表明,菌株A275属于克里贝拉菌属Kribbella,其余13株属于链霉菌属Streptomyces。多种生物合成基因的筛查实验表明,5株菌同时具有PKS-I、PKS-II、NRPS型基因,其中A255和A263还具有3,5-AHBA合酶基因,但仅A275具有oxyB基因。结果可以推测,链霉菌是这2种中药植物根部的优势内生放线菌,生物合成基因的PCR筛查能极大地弥补传统活性筛选模型的不足,内生放线菌具有产生丰富生物活性化合物的巨大潜力。