从宏基因组学切入探讨老年性阴道炎阴道微生态的微观整体性

老年性阴道炎是女性绝经后的常见病、多发病,西医认为该病的病因为绝经后或长期闭经后雌激素水平降低,阴道微生态失衡。宏基因组学是近年出现的菌群整体性检测方法,采用宏基因组学技术检测老年性阴道的微观整体状况,将为本病中医证型及疗效评定提供客观精确的量化标准。     

震旦鸦雀种群生态的研究

震旦鸦雀是一种小型濒危鸟类,在IUCN和ICBP出版的红皮书中,共同认定为Ⅰ(Indeterminate)级。本文是作者于1985～1986年期间,对种群生态进行研究的首次报道。该鸟栖息于上海沿海芦苇滩中。种群密度1.21±0.57对/公顷。文中还论述数量变动和种群活动的变化规律。在奉贤沿海估计有290～387对。在越冬期中,剥取芦鞘内的寄生虫等为食。由于围垦不断发展,栖息地日益缩小,因此在生存上受到严重威胁。     

Biogeography of dinoflagellate cysts in northwest Atlantic estuaries

Few biogeographic studies of dinoflagellate cysts include the near‐shore estuarine environment. We determine the effect of estuary type, biogeography, and water quality on the spatial distribution of organic‐walled dinoflagellate cysts from the Northeast USA (Maine to Delaware) and Canada (Prince Edward Island). A total of 69 surface sediment samples were collected from 27 estuaries, from sites with surface salinities >20. Dinoflagellate cysts were examined microscopically and compared to environmental parameters using multivariate ordination techniques. The spatial distribution of cyst taxa reflects biogeographic provinces established by other marine organisms, with Cape Cod separating the northern Acadian Province from the southern Virginian Province. Species such as Lingulodinium machaerophorum and Polysphaeridinium zoharyi were found almost exclusively in the Virginian Province, while others such as Dubridinium spp. and Islandinium? cezare were more abundant in the Acadian Province. Tidal range, sea surface temperature (SST), and sea surface salinity (SSS) are statistically significant parameters influencing cyst assemblages. Samples from the same type of estuary cluster together in canonical correspondence analysis when the estuaries are within the same biogeographic province. The large geographic extent of this study, encompassing four main estuary types (riverine, lagoon, coastal embayment, and fjord), allowed us to determine that the type of estuary has an important influence on cyst assemblages. Due to greater seasonal variations in SSTs and SSSs in estuaries compared to the open ocean, cyst assemblages show distinct latitudinal trends. The estuarine context is important for understanding present‐day species distribution, the factors controlling them, and to better predict how they may change in the future.     

千山油松年轮宽度年表的建立及其与气候的关系

以千山油松为样本,建立了年轮宽度标准化年表、差值年表和自回归年表.结果表明,油松年轮宽度与5—7和9—11月温度指标的相关性较高,且与低温呈正相关,其中与7月的极端最低温、9月的平均最低温显著相关.3种年表与上年12月和当年1月的极端最低温、1月的平均最低温呈显著相关,且其与全年、上年12月、当年5月的降水量显著相关,与4月的降水量极显著相关.油松与水汽压、相对湿度的月和年指标均有较强的相关性.蒸发的年指标和绝大部分月指标对油松生长具有负效应,其中4—7月最明显.油松年表的窄化突变佐证了1800年以来的30次主要的旱灾年历史记录.千山油松的生长受全球或半球尺度气候变化的影响.年表与太阳活动存在显著的11、23和50年左右的公共周期,与地磁指标在10、20和45年左右存在共同的周期变化.     

海南岛土著药用木本植物区系及其应用现状调查

对海南岛野生土著药用木本植物区系的研究表明,该区系由70科206属332种组成,呈现出热带北缘特征,物种主要集中在岛南部、中南部和东南部地区。本文还对海南岛药用植物资源的应用现状及发展思路作了探讨。     

The altered activity of complex III may contribute to the high penetrance of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy in a Chinese family carrying the ND4 G11778A mutation

The ND4 G11778A mutation is the most common mitochondrial DNA mutation leading to Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Despite considerable clinical evidences, the modifier role of nuclear background and mitochondrial haplotypes in phenotypic manifestation of LHON remains poorly understood. We investigated the effect of these modifiers on bioenergetics in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from five affected subjects of one Chinese family carrying the G11778A mutation and five Chinese controls. Significant reductions in the activities of complexes I and III were observed in mutant cell lines from the Chinese family, whereas the mutant cell lines from other families carrying the same mutation exhibited only reduced activity of complex I. The reduced activities of complexes I and III caused remarkably higher reductions of ATP synthesis in mutant cell lines from the Chinese family than those from other families. The deficient respiration increased generation of reactive oxygen species. The defect in complex III activity, likely resulting from the mitochondrial haplotype or nuclear gene alteration, worsens mitochondrial dysfunction caused by the G11778A mutation, thereby causing extremely high penetrance and expressivity of optic neuropathy in this Chinese family. Our data provide the first experimental evidence that altered activity of complex III modulates the phenotypic manifestation of LHON-associated G11778A mutation. Thus, our findings may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of LHON.     

大葱组织培养中玻璃苗特性研究

以章丘大葱为试验材料,从形态组织学及生理生化等方面探讨了大葱试管苗玻璃化发生的可能机理。结果表明,玻璃苗形态组织结构与正常苗有很大差异,玻璃苗组织含水量增加,过氧化物酶(POD)活性增强,叶绿素总量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性、可溶性蛋白含量均降低。玻璃苗酯酶同工酶谱带与正常苗相比,增加了一条带,同时缺少了两条带;可溶性蛋白电泳分析表明,玻璃苗与正常苗间也存在明显差异。可见,当外界环境条件不适宜植物生长需要时,植物体在基因表达水平上将会受到影响,表达产物的差异可引起生理代谢功能上的紊乱,从而导致形态结构的畸型,进而产生玻璃化苗。     

中药山豆根的研究进展

本文对中药山豆根进行了本草考证,并概括总结了半个世纪以来国内外对山豆根(广豆根)和北豆根在生药学研究、化学成分、药理作用与临床应用等方面的研究成果,为山豆根的进一步研究提供参考。全文附参考文献105篇。     

浅谈传粉生物学中几个术语的含义及其中文译名

准确理解外来的专业术语并给予合适的中文译名,不仅有助于推动学科的发展,而且有利于同行之间的交流。传粉生物学是近年来在我国迅速发展的一个生态学与进化生物学的分支领域。本文讨论了该学科中的几个重要术语的含义和它们的中文译名,建议将pollen discounting和seed discounting译为“花粉折损”和“种子折损”,herkogamy译为 “雌雄异位”,trade-off译为“权衡”。