Effects of NADH and thiol compounds on wheat leaf nitrate reductase

The initial activity of wheat leaf nitrate reductase was depressed on inclusion of the following thiol compounds; dithiothreitol, dithioerythreitol or mercaptoethanol, but not cysteine and glutathione. This thiol effect simply resulted from an interference with the chemical determination of nitrite. Preincubation of the enzyme with NAD⁺ and these thiols enhanced the inhibition of nitrate reductase activity. This effect was mediated by NADH production by the thiol reduction of NAD⁺. The inactivation by NAD⁺ in the presence of thiol compounds which was enhanced by cyanide ions could be reversed by ferricyanide, as has been observed previously for NADH-mediated inactivation of nitrate reductase.     

小麦花培育种效率与从不同杂种世代取材的关系

通过对小麦花培育种效率与不同杂种世代取材的研究表明,过去小麦花培育种效率低的主要原因是取F1代材料花药培养。通过大量的实验研究认为;用F1代材料进行花药培养育种的效率非常低,特别是在花培苗群体小的情况下,要获得新品种几乎是不可能的,根据实验结果以及理论分析,建议花培育种应结合常规的田间选择,取F2或F3代（特别是F3代）材料是进行花培,育种效果较好。并在此实验结果的指导下,从稍高世代取材,于5－7年的时间内选育出两个通过审定的花培小麦新品种。     

CO2浓度倍增对小麦叶绿体超微结构、超分子结构及光谱特性的影响

超薄切片及冰冻撕裂电镜观察、吸收光谱及 77K低温荧光发射光谱的测定结果表明 :CO2 浓度倍增对小麦(TriticumaestivumL .)叶绿体的超微、超分子结构及光谱特性的影响均为正效应。具体反映在 :(1)小麦叶绿体中除了比对照积累有较多的淀粉粒外 ,其基粒和基质类囊体膜发育较好 ;(2 )叶绿体的光合膜系 ,无论是垛叠和非垛叠膜区 ,其镶嵌于内质膜撕裂面 (EFs和EFu)及原生质膜撕裂面 (PFs和PFu)的功能蛋白粒均比其对照的发育良好 ,尤其PFs与EFs面较为突出 ,即它们除了所含蛋白粒的密度较大外 ,在EFs面上有时还呈现出密集有序的阵列结构 ;(3)叶绿体整个吸收谱带 ,尤其红区和蓝区的主峰均较其对照有较大的光吸收 ,表明对光能的捕获能力明显高于对照 ;(4)无论是以 4 36nm还是以 4 80nm波长激发的 ,其叶绿体的F684/F73 3 (PSⅡ /PSⅠ )的比值均较对照的高 ,表明CO2 浓度倍增条件下生长的小麦叶片叶绿体的PSⅡ相对荧光强度有所增强 ,这与叶绿体的超微、超分子结构及吸收光谱的测定结果相一致。以上结果可为小麦在高CO2 浓度下增产提供理论依据。     

Identification of new low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes in wheat

To clarify the composition of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GSs) in a soft wheat cultivar, we cloned and characterized LMW-GS genes from a cDNA library and genomic DNA in Norin 61. Based on alignment of the conserved N- and C- terminal domains of the deduced amino-acid sequences, these genes are classified into 12 groups. One of these groups (group 5), the corresponding gene of which has not been reported previously, contains two additional hydrophobic amino-acid clusters interrupting the N-terminal repetitive domain. Other groups (groups 11 and 12), which were not identified in other cultivars as a protein product, showed all eight cysteines in the C-terminal conserved domain. With specific primer sets for these groups it was revealed that Glu-D3 and Glu-A3 encoded the former and the latter, respectively. Both groups of genes were expressed in immature seeds. The presence of these groups of LMW-GSs may affect the dough strength of soft wheat. Received: 26 March 2001 / Accepted: 16 July 2001     

DXS6804/DXS9896/GATA144D04基因座在中国汉族群体中的遗传多态性及其法医学应用

为了调查X染色体上DXS6804、DXS9896和GATA144D04等3个STR基因座在中国汉族群体的遗传多态性及其法医学应用价值,来用PCR和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对X染色体3个STR基因座进行分型,并检验女性基因型频率分布是否符合Hardy Weinberg平衡,计算法医学常用各种概率。DXS6804、DXS9896和GATA144D04的非父排除率分别为0 5990、0 6220、0 4280,表明3个STR基因座在中国汉族群体均具有遗传多态性,χ2检验表明女性的基因型频率分布符合Hardy Weinberg平衡。X染色体上的基因座DXS6804、DXS9896和GATA144D04在中国汉族群体中具有较高的遗传多态性,可应用于法医学检验和群体遗传学分析。     

中国龟鳖物种多样性及濒危现状

本文对1949年以来我国龟鳖动物的新种和新记录、物种多样性和名录变化状况作了述评,分析了中国龟鳖物种多样性的特点及濒危现状。我国现存龟鳖动物1目6科21属41种。     

Protoplast Culture and Plant Regeneration of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Suspension cultures were established from embryogenic calli derived from cultured anthers of cv. Jinghua No.1 and mature embryos of cv. Youmangbai No. 7, respectively. After being isolated and cultured in WPMI, protoplasts began to form cell walls within 1 day post-isolation, followed by cell division observed between 2–3 days. A division frequency of 22.0% was estimated on the 7th day of culture, and 43.7% on the 14th day. During 10–15 days after the initiation of culture, a large number of cell aggregates emerged, with 0.5–0.8% of plating efficiency. Protoplast-derived calli grew up to lmm or more in diameter when cultured for 4 weeks, and eventually gave rise to green plants through embryogenesis and organogenesis after being transferred to differentiation media. Plant regeneration from protoplasts was already obtained from Jinghua No.l, and protoplast-derived calli from Youmangbai No.7; an experiment on organ differentiation for the latter is under way. A few factors affecting the protoplast cultures were also studied.     

Effects of glucose on the production of recombinant protein C in mammalian cell culture

Effects of glucose on a cultured Chinese hamster ovary cell line producing recombinant human protein C were investigated. After the recombinant cells reached confluency, they were maintained in the medium containing 10% serum and different levels of glucose in either batch or daily-exchange mode. High concentrations of glucose to the cultures yielded higher cell densities. Daily exchanges of media produced higher cell densities than the corresponding batch culture. Total protein C production per cell decreased with time in batch culture, in accordance with the declined glucose metabolism. Supplementation of the media with high levels of glucose diminished both the expression and gamma-carboxylation activities of the recombinant cells. Production of protein C persisted in daily-exchange culture, resulting in a constant production rate of protein C. In this case again, glucose reduced the specific productivity of recombinant protein C. An apparent glucose inhibition constant was determined to be 0.11 mg/mL by Dixon plots. The ability to gamma-carboxylate recombinant protein C was also impaired at the highest level of glucose. From these results, a strategy to maximize recombinant protein C productivity is discussed.     

渍水对冬小麦生长的危害及其生理效应

小麦受渍后叶片的光合和蒸腾速率迅速下降,而后则显微弱的回升趋势。渍害不仅削弱小麦光合产物的积累,并且改变光合产物在地上部分和根系中的分配比例;植株根／冠比下降,而黄叶的发展与根／冠比的变化呈显著负相关;渍害改变小麦的发育进程,尤其是后期渍害明显促使小麦早衰。认为清水使叶片光合速率降低、光合有效面积损失和衰老加速,从而危害小麦的生长。     

安息香科植物地理分布研究

安息香科植物共１２属,约１５０种,分布于亚洲和美洲的热带亚热带地区及欧洲南部的温暖地区。亚洲是现代安息香科植物的主要分布区,有１１个属,集中分布于中国南部和西南部附近。中国南岭山地及其附近汇集了８属２０多种,包括中国特有的陀螺果属、秤锤树属和长果安息香属以及东亚北美间断分布的银钟花属。这些呈星散分布的残余成分是从当地起源的。中国西南地区的安息香科植物仅云南一地就达８属３０余种,其中不少为局部分化形成的狭域分布特有种。这里是安息香科植物的分化中心,茉莉果属和歧序野茉莉属可能即是由此发端的。后者和安息香属经中南半岛一直分布到热带亚洲地区,并在马来西亚地区形成一次生分化中心。欧洲安息香科植物可能来自亚洲,并于第三纪得到发展。安息香科植物在欧洲的衰落,可能是遭到第四纪冰川严重破坏的结果。北美安息香科植物和欧亚大陆的有着共同起源,主要分布于东南部,并通过中美向南美发展。南美安息香科植物达５０余种,集中分布于亚马逊河流域。这里是安息香科植物的另一次生分化中心。特产巴西的花弄蝶属即是从当地分化出来的。