Sediment transport in an inland river in North Queensland

Rivers in northern Queensland are ephemeral and carry water mainly as a direct response to heavy rainfall. Sediment is transported downstream with the runoff and sediment deposition may be a major problem in many proposed reservoirs. Hence information about sediment transport, particularly under high flow conditions, is required for planning and design of water storage reservoirs. In this region, bed material samples can be obtained during low flow periods and suspended sediment sampling during floods is possible but only with difficulty. Little reliable data is available.This paper outlines a possible approach to predicting sediment loads in such rivers. Suspended sediment samples have been analysed to give both particulate concentrations and their grain size distributions. The latter have been compared with bed material size distributions, and the concentrations of suspended bed material and wash load components have been estimated.After investigations of a number of methods for predicting bed material transport, those which treat bed load and suspended load independently have been selected. Field data have been used to determine the wash load and the suspended bed material load. The bed load was then computed so that the total sediment load could be determined.This approach has been applied to the Flinders River at Glendower, based on field data obtained by the Queensland Water Resources Commission in 1982/83.     

Chromosomes and their relationship to nuclear components during the cell cycle in Chinese hamster cells

Summary Chromosomes and their relationship to nuclear components during various phases of the cell cycle were studied with different fixation, embedding, and enzyme techniques. The results showed that interphase chromosomes may have oriented in such a way that a given locus became associated with the nuclear membrane. Some chromosomes also appeared to interact with the nucleolus. The nuclear matrix materials, however, were distributed between the chromosomes and formed a delineating boundary for the chromosomes. These matrix materials, furthermore, formed channel-like structures within the nucleus and towards the cytoplasm through their interaction with nuclear pore complexes. During mitosis, chromosomes were encapsulated with material that appeared to be derived from the matrix, disintegrated residues and fragments of the nuclear envelope, the lamina, and nucleolar material. These chromosome-associated materials seen in mitosis appeared to serve as foci for formation of new nuclear components in subsequent interphase.     

中国的红树林

我国红树林主要分布在热带及亚热带沿海盐滩和河川出口的冲积盐性土上,包括24个科,47种,属于东方群系。从广西钦州湾开始经北海港,沿雷州半岛的海安分为两支,一支往南经海南岛的儋县新英港,向东经琼山县的东寨港和文昌县的清澜港,沿着东海岸至崖县的三亚港,又折向北到达东方县的八所港;另一支向东北经湛江的赤坎,阳江的海陵岛,台山的上下川岛,中山的三灶岛,新会的崖门,再沿海岸往北至福建的福鼎和台湾的新竹港。根据我国红树林的主要构成种类、外貌、生境,大致可分为3大群系和10个群落。(1) 矮灌木群系——这个群系多见于纬度稍高的海滩前缘,包括海榄雌群落和桐花树群落。这些群落在演替上处于前期阶段。(2) 高大稠密灌木群系——这个群系由于气温、年降雨量的差异和土壤性质的不同,组成这个群系的种类也有不同,不过都是以红树族的种类为建群种,它包括4个群落:红树群落、红海兰群落和角果木群落,这些群落在演替上属于中期阶段。(3) 乔木群系——这个群系主要分布在海南岛东北和东部海岸,所在地一般地势较高,前缘地带每日潮涨仍有海水浸淹。后缘地带只有每月大潮时才有海水到达,土壤比较固结,它包括木榄群落、海莲和尖瓣海莲群落、海桑群落及半红树林水椰群落。这些群落在演替上是处于后期阶段。组成我国红树林的种类大多数都具有较高的经济价值,如角果木是优质单宁的原料,有些种类经过发酵处理成为高营养的饲料和肥料。此外,沿海浮游生物的产量有红树林比无红树林的地带高达7倍,因此加强对红树林的经营和保护应采取积极态度和有效措施。     

中国的红树林

我国红树林主要分布在热带及亚热带沿海盐滩和河川出口的冲积盐性土上,包括24个科,47种,属于东方群系。从广西钦州湾开始经北海港,沿雷州半岛的海安分为两支,一支往南经海南岛的儋县新英港,向东经琼山县的东寨港和文昌县的清澜港,沿着东海岸至崖县的三亚港,又折向北到达东方县的八所港;另一支向东北经湛江的赤坎,阳江的海陵岛,台山的上下川岛,中山的三灶岛,新会的崖门,再沿海岸往北至福建的福鼎和台湾的新竹港。根据我国红树林的主要构成种类、外貌、生境,大致可分为3大群系和10个群落。(1) 矮灌木群系——这个群系多见于纬度稍高的海滩前缘,包括海榄雌群落和桐花树群落。这些群落在演替上处于前期阶段。(2) 高大稠密灌木群系——这个群系由于气温、年降雨量的差异和土壤性质的不同,组成这个群系的种类也有不同,不过都是以红树族的种类为建群种,它包括4个群落:红树群落、红海兰群落和角果木群落,这些群落在演替上属于中期阶段。(3) 乔木群系——这个群系主要分布在海南岛东北和东部海岸,所在地一般地势较高,前缘地带每日潮涨仍有海水浸淹。后缘地带只有每月大潮时才有海水到达,土壤比较固结,它包括木榄群落、海莲和尖瓣海莲群落、海桑群落及半红树林水椰群落。这些群落在演替上是处于后期阶段。组成我国红树林的种类大多数都具有较高的经济价值,如角果木是优质单宁的原料,有些种类经过发酵处理成为高营养的饲料和肥料。此外,沿海浮游生物的产量有红树林比无红树林的地带高达7倍,因此加强对红树林的经营和保护应采取积极态度和有效措施。     

不同季节银木叶精油化学成分的研究

用毛细管气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术、毛细管气相色谱双柱保留指数法和双柱标准品叠加法分析了不同季节银木叶精油化学成分。从分离出来的207—250个色谱峰中,初步鉴定出59个成分,被鉴定成分的总量占精油总组成的94.45—98.92%,其主要成分随采油季节不同而有所不同。     

红腹锦鸡和白腹锦鸡卵壳的超微结构

本文报道了锦鸡属——白腹锦鸡和红腹锦鸡卵壳的气孔、外壳膜、锥体层、木栅层的超微结构。并对两者的卵壳进行了比较。     

Variability and transport of suspended sediment,particulate and dissolved organic carbon in the tidal freshwater Hudson River

Measurements of suspended matter, particulate organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon were made over a three year period at stations spanning 150 km of the tidal freshwater Hudson River. Suspended matter concentrations varied from year-to-year and were not related to freshwater discharge. The increase in suspended matter with depth in vertical profiles suggests that, during medium to low flow conditions, resuspension of bottom sediments was as important a source of sediment as loadings from tributaries. Particulate organic carbon showed significant variability among stations, and both autochthonous primary production and detrital organic matter are contributing to POC standing stocks. Dissolved organic carbon represented over half of the total organic carbon in the water column and showed little variation among stations.Examining downstream changes in transport showed that there was significant production of both suspended matter and POC within the study reach during the ice-free season. Tributary loadings within the study reach do not appear to be the cause of these increases in downstream transport. Dissolved organic carbon behaved conservatively in that there was no evidence for net production or net consumption within the river.The spatial/temporal patterns and analyses of transport suggest that suspended matter and POC, but not DOC, were controlled to a significant extent by processes occurring within the river and were not simply related to loadings from outside.     

中国繁缕属的一些分类问题

研究了36种中国产繁缕属(Stellaria)植物,根据模式材料或仅根据原描述,将已合格发表的1组、1系、12种、4变种和1变型首次归并到有关各类,依次列举入异名录中,其中有1移属。讨论了各种错误鉴定,同时对于选择性状、设想进化过程和分布记录均有讨论。     

国产五种菊属植物的核型研究

本文对国产5种菊属植物的核型进行了研究,结果为:D. indicum 2n=2x=18=16m 2st,2n=4x=36=28m 6sm 2st;D. lavandulifolium 2n=2x=18=14m 4sm,2n=4x=36=28m 6sm 2st;D. lavandulifolium var.seticuspe 2n=2x=18=12m 6sm;D. chanetii 2n=4x=36=20m 14sm 2st,2n=6x=54=38m 14sm 2st;D. potentilloides2n=2x=18=14m 2sm 2st;D. vestitum 2n=6x=54=38m 16sm.核型分析的结果表明,本文所研究类群中出现的多倍体多为异源多倍体;根据对核型资料、形态特征及地理分布特点的综合分析,作者认为多倍化是菊属野生种进行的主要途径。     

Effects of gravel size and peat material concentrations on embryo survival and alevin emergence of brown trout,Salmo trutta L.

Embryo survival and alevin emergence pattern of brown trout were studied in simulated redds with different homogeneous gravel sizes and different concentrations of peat material. Optimal survival (95%) occurred in 18 mm gravel and survival decreased with decreasing gravel size. High concentrations (40%) of peat material resulted in low survival (65%). The proportion of premature emerging alevins increased in finer gravels and at high peat concentrations. Premature alevins had a large yolk sac and are probably very vulnerable to predators.