93份贵州地方辣椒资源品质性状分析

对93份贵州地方辣椒资源的品质性状进行了分析,结果表明:粗纤维含量在22.99%~44.06%之间,牛角椒含量最高,为33.71%;粗脂肪含量在11.49%~27.46%之间,锥形椒含量最高,为21.55%;蛋白质含量在12.81%~22.97%之间,指形椒含量最高,为18.78%;辣椒素含量在0.28~7.61 mg/g之间,指形椒含量最高,为4.47 mg/g;4个指标的平均隶属度值在0.21~0.68之间,超过0.60的辣椒资源有S106、S103、S072和S016;聚类分析表明,93份辣椒资源按平均隶属度大小可分为四大类型,即高品质型、中品质型、一般品质型和特殊品质型。贵州地方辣椒种质资源品质性状分析可为辣椒种质资源的创新利用、新品种的选育奠定基础。     

大棚辣椒最佳钾肥用量及运筹

以台湾‘长香’辣椒Capsicum frutescens品种为材料,通过设置钾肥横向与纵向施肥的田间试验,探讨辣椒最佳钾肥用量及其运筹。结果表明,在设定氮、磷肥施用量分别为15.0、3.5 kg·667m-2的条件下,钾肥不同施用量对辣椒的株高、幅宽、茎粗的长势及果长、果粗、单果重等品质均有明显的影响,辣椒产量(y)与钾肥施用量(x)两者呈y = -2.2743x2 + 53.402x + 802.45的相关性(r2 = 0.973),钾肥最佳施用量为11.74 kg·667m-2;在同样条件下,钾肥施用量12.00 kg·667m-2,按基肥与追肥不同比例进行施用,辣椒株高、幅宽、茎粗的长势及果长、果粗、单果重等品质与产量均有所差异,其基肥∶追肥按2∶8的配比进行运筹施用,辣椒品质与产量均明显优于其他配比。     

辣椒蚜虫种类的调查

蚜虫属同翅目蚜虫总科,是重要的作物害虫。调查海南辣椒植株的蚜虫种类,采集蚜虫标本。将上述活体蚜虫分别接种在室内盆栽辣椒植株上饲养、繁殖,并观察记录各龄期蚜虫的形态特征。经室内观察测定,鉴定出三种蚜虫：棉蚜[Aphis gossypii(Glover)]、桃蚜[Myzus persicae(Sulzer)]和萝卜蚜[Lipaphis erysimi(Kaltenbach)]。     

辣椒种子的超干研究

辣椒种子含水量(MC)降至5％以下,能显著提高抗老化劣变的能力。在同等老化处理(50C15d)后,对照种子(MC=7．5％)发芽势已大幅度下降,而超干种子(MC=4．1％～1．4％)的发芽势与未老化种子相同。超干种子脱氢酶活性明显高于同等老化条件下的对照种子,而丙二醛的含量则显著低于对照种子。电导率测定结果表明,超干种子细胞膜系统的完整性良好。     

Development of CMV-and TMV-resistant chili pepper: field perfermance and biosafety assessment

Both cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein (CP) genes have been transferred to chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum var. Longunt) cultivar 8212 by a modified procedure of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation using hypocotyl as the explant. PCR analysis revealed the presence of both CMV and TMV CP genes in at least 11 primary transformants out of 49 kanamycin-resistant chili pepper plants. Ten T1 lines from five independent transformation events were identified as putative homozygous transgenic lines based on the rooting assay of their T2 seedlings on the kanamycin-containing media. Integration and expression of CMV CP and TMV CP transgenes in one of the homozygous line, 16-13, were confirmed bySouthern blot, RT-PCR and western blot analyses. Line 16-13 was highly resistant to infection of homologous CMV and TMV strains in greenhouse conditions when successively challenged with CMV and TMV or challenged with TMV alone.Futhermore, field trials on T2, T3 and T4 progenies of Line 16-13 were performed on scales of 123, 300 and 10,000 plants, respectively, in consecutive years 1996, 1997 and 1998 with the permission of the Chinese government authority. The transgenic plants displayed delayed symptom development and significantly milder disease severity in field conditions when compared to untransformed chili pepper plants, resulting in 47 and 110% increase in pepper fruit yield in surveys conducted in 1997 and 1998 trials, respectively. Finally, quality analysis and biosafety assesment were performed on transgenic chili pepper fruit concurrently with the control fruit, and demonstrated that the transgenic chili pepper fruit is substantially equivalent to the non-transgenic pepper in terms of the quality and biosafety when consumed as a food additive.     

辣椒花药培养的胚状体分化及其与成苗率的关系

12个辣椒品种的花药培养的结果表明,所有品种均可诱导出胚状体,其中9个品种可获得健壮的再生植株。每一辣椒品种的适宜植物生长调节利配比不同。不同品种的胚状体诱导率和成苗率有差异。成熟的胚状体均能分化成苗,根先分化或停止发育的胚状体很少成苗。     

Double mutations in eIF4E and eIFiso4E confer recessive resistance to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chilli veinal mottle virus</Emphasis> in pepper

To evaluate the involvement of translation initiation factors eIF4E and eIFiso4E in Chilli veinai mottle virus (ChiVMV) infection in pepper, we conducted a genetic analysis using a segregating population derived from a cross between Capsicum annuum ‘Dempsey’ containing an eIF4E mutation (pvr1 ² ) and C. annuum ‘Perennial’ containing an eIFiso4E mutation (pvr6). C. annuum ‘Dempsey’ was susceptible and C. annuum ‘Perennial’ was resistant to ChiVMV. All F₁ plants showed resistance, and F₂ individuals segregated in a resistant-susceptible ratio of 166:21, indicating that many resistance loci were involved. Seventy-five F₂ and 329 F₃ plants of 17 families were genotyped with pvr1 ² and pvr6 allele-specific markers, and the genotype data were compared with observed resistance to viral infection. All plants containing homozygous genotypes of both pvr1 ² and pvr6 were resistant to ChiVMV, demonstrating that simultaneous mutations in eIF4E and eIFiso4E confer resistance to ChiVMV in pepper. Genotype analysis of F2 plants revealed that all plants containing homozygous genotypes of both pvr1 ² and pvr6 showed resistance to ChiVMV. In protein-protein interaction experiments, ChiVMV viral genome-linked protein (VPg) interacted with both eIF4E and eIFiso4E. Silencing of eIF4E and eIFiso4E in the VIGS experiment showed reduction in ChiVMV accumulation. These results demonstrated that ChiVMV can use both eIF4E and eIFiso4E for replication, making simultaneous mutations in eIF4E and eIFiso4E necessary to prevent ChiVMV infection in pepper. These authors contributed equally to this work.     

Assessment of Gene Flow from Genetically Modified Anthracnose-Resistant Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to a Conventional Crop

We conducted a 2-year field assessment of the gene flow from genetically modified (GM) chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), containing the PepEST (pepper esterase) gene, to a non-GM control line “WT512” and two commercial hybrid cultivars, “Manidda” and “Cheongpung Myeongwol (CM).” After seeds were collected from the pollen-recipient non-GM plants, hybrids between them and the GM peppers were screened by a hygromycin assay. PCR with the targeting hpt gene was performed to confirm the presence of transgenes in hygromycin-resistant seedlings. Out of 7,071 “WT512” seeds and 6,854 “Manidda” seeds collected in 2006, eight and 12 hybrids, respectively, were detected. In 2007, 33 hybrids from 3,456 “WT512” seeds and 50 hybrids from 3,457 “CM” seeds were found. The highest frequency of gene flow, 6.19%, was observed in that 2007 trial. These results suggest that a limited isolation distance would be sufficient to prevent gene flow from GM to conventionally bred chili peppers.     

Pathogen-inducible CaUGT1 is involved in resistance response against TMV infection by controlling salicylic acid accumulation

Capsicum annuum L. Bugang exhibits a hypersensitive response against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) P₀ infection. The C. annuumUDP-glucosyltransferase 1 (CaUGT1) gene was upregulated during resistance response to TMV and by salicylic acid, ethephon, methyl viologen, and sodium nitroprusside treatment. When the gene was downregulated by virus-induced gene silencing, a delayed HR was observed. In addition, free and total SA concentrations in the CaUGT1-downregulated hot pepper were decreased by 52% and 48% compared to that of the control plants, respectively. This suggested that the CaUGT1 gene was involved in resistance response against TMV infection by controlling the accumulation of SA.     

辣椒离体培养及再生体系的研究

选用9个辣椒(Capsicum annuumL.)品种(系),研究了不同激素组合、基因型、外植体类型、苗龄和Ag-NO3等因素对外植体不定芽分化和伸长的影响.结果表明,在6-BA/IAA为10∶1配比下,有利于辣椒外植体的分化再生,而6-BA/IAA为3∶1配比下适合于再生芽的伸长;不同品种辣椒的再生能力差别较大,分化率在13.3%~90.0%之间;辣椒子叶再生能力比下胚轴强,是较好的外植体材料;12~16 d苗龄的外植体分化频率较高;添加4mg?L-1AgNO3可使芽分化率平均提高16.9%.通过比较,筛选出了适合于辣椒芽分化的培养基为MB5(MS无机盐 B5有机成分) 5 mg?L-16-BA 0.5 mg?L-1IAA 4 mg?L-1AgNO3,芽伸长培养基为MB5 3 mg?L-16-BA 1 mg?L-1IAA 2 mg?L-1GA3 4 mg?L-1AgNO3,生根培养基为1/2 MS 0.2 mg?L-1IAA 0.1 mg?L-1NAA.