模拟干旱诱导对藜抗旱力的影响

以藜为研究材料,经过5年人工模拟干旱诱导,测定其耐旱形态结构及生理特征的改变以探讨提高植物抗旱的途径。结果表明,经模拟干旱诱导后藜叶片典型耐旱特征增加:叶片厚度和肉质度增加,比叶面积、饱和渗透势和蒸腾速率下降,渗透调节能力和持水力增强,临界饱和亏值增大,蒸腾效率提高。经干旱诱导形成耐旱特征后收获的种子种植于正常供水环境中长成的植株仍能保持其已形成的耐旱特征,在重度干旱胁迫下经过干旱诱导的植株各抗旱指标与对照相比有明显差异(P<0.01),证明藜是耐旱可变植物,可通过干旱诱导锻炼提高其抗旱性。     

Semicontinuous cultivation of photoautotrophic cell suspension cultures in a 20 l airlift-reactor

An airlift-bioreactor system was established for semicontinuous growth of photosynthetically active plant cell suspension cultures in a controlled environment. The bioreactor unit was constructed as a conventional, internal draught tube airlift-reactor, which is characterized by a H D^-1 ratio of 2.9, a ratio of the cross-sectional area of the riser to the cross-sectional area of the downcomer of 0.25 and a surface area of 0.435 m² for illumination. Cultivation experiments could be scaled up to working volumes of maximal 20 1. Sixteen fluorescent tubes were fixed around the outer glass cylinder to provide cells continuously with light. An external cooling device was used to keep the temperature constantly at 27°C. Agitation as well as supply with CO₂ was performed by injecting air enriched with CO₂ through a ring-shaped sparger at the bottom of the vessel. A first set of experiments was carried out with a photoautotrophic culture of Chenopodium rubrum L. Cell material adapted to large scale culture conditions was used to inoculate a modified MS medium (Murashige & Skoog 1962) without any organic constituents. Under these conditions a biomass increase of 1870% was achieved in 18 days. Several physiological parameters (e.g. pigmentation, photosynthetic O₂ evolution, carbohydrate content) were measured routinely to elucidate the growth characteristics of large-scale grown Chenopodium cells. Electron microscopic photographs from different phases of culture growth clearly demonstrate the pattern of cellular development. Special emphasis was placed upon the differentiation of chloroplast ultrastructure. The presented data confirm the feasibility of large-scale culture techniques with photosynthetic active plant cell cultures.Abbreviations D diameter - DW dry weight - FW fresh weight - H height - K_La volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (h^-1) - MES 2-(N-morpholino)-ethanesulfonic acid - specific growth rate (d^-1) - PAR photosynthetically active radiation (400–700 nm) - Pepcase phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase - Rubisco ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase - t_d doubling time (d) - vvm (aeration volume) (medium volume)^-1 min^-1 Dedicated to Prof. F.-C. Czygan on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday     

藜钙依赖磷酸激酶基因CaCPK的克隆及胁迫表达

以耐盐植物藜(Chenopodium album)为材料,利用同源克隆技术获得了7个CDPK基因核心序列,并将其命名为CaCPK1–7。随后通过RACE技术成功获得CaCPK1–3的开放阅读框(ORF)序列,其ORF分别包含长度为1 632、1 704和1 590 bp的核苷酸序列。CaCPK1–3分别编码由543、567和529个氨基酸残基组成的钙依赖型蛋白激酶。定量PCR实验显示,CaCPK1–4受盐胁迫诱导明显上调表达,随胁迫时间增加不同基因呈现各异的表达规律。对CaCPK1–3在其它非生物胁迫下的表达分析显示,CaCPK1、CaCPK2和CaCPK3的表达均受外源ABA和H2O2的调控,H2O2合成抑制剂DPI和ABA合成抑制剂Na2WO4显著抑制300 mmol·L–1NaCl处理下CaCPK1、CaCPK2和CaCPK3的表达。研究结果为揭示藜在盐胁迫信号转导过程中CDPK基因家族的功能提供了理论依据。     

人工促成檀香结香的研究

在自然情况下生长的檀香（ＳａｎｔａｌｕｍａｌｂｕｍＬ．）植株,约１０龄左右开始形成具芳香的心材（通称结香）,约３０—４０年方可砍伐利用．作者采用两年生的幼树,施用植物生长抑制剂ＰＧＩ１进行促成结香试验,结果证明采用１％３ｍｌ生长激素处理的植株,其檀香油和檀香醇的含量一般较对照和用水处理的植株高１—２倍．     

Ultrastructure of Chenopodium rubrum L. apices during the effect of fusicoccin and photoperiodic induction

Plant transition from vegetative to reproductive development is associated with ultrastructural changes in stem apices. Those seen in Chenopodium rubrum L. under the influence of fusicoccin in many ways resemble those induced by a short-day treatment favourable to flowering. This suggests that fusicoccin can play a definite (physiological) role in plant development.     

青橄榄浸膏的提取及其抗氧化活性研究

为优化青橄榄浸膏提取工艺,并探讨其抗氧化性。以茂名盛产的青橄榄为原料,采用超声波辅助乙醇提取法,以总黄酮和总多酚得率为评价指标,考察各因素对青橄榄浸膏提取效果的影响。采用邻苯三酚自氧化法、结晶紫法和DPPH清除能力评价青橄榄浸膏的抗氧化活性。结果显示,浸膏的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数70%,料液比1∶18 (g∶mL),超声提取温度50℃,时间6 min(超声提取阶段);单纯有机溶剂提取温度60℃,时间45 min(有机溶剂浸提阶段);此条件下总黄酮得率为1. 76%,总多酚得率为15. 53%。终产物浸膏在0. 3 mg/mL浓度下对超氧阴离子自由基抑制率为22. 74%,相当于同等质量浓度的抗坏血酸抑制效果的23. 47%;在0. 02 mg/mL浓度下对羟基自由基的清除率为67. 32%,相当于同等质量浓度的抗坏血酸清除效果的112. 58%;在0. 2 mmol/mL的DPPH溶液体系中,0. 15 mg/mL的浸膏对DPPH的清除率为95. 40%,相当于同等质量浓度的抗坏血酸清除效果的140. 83%;总体来讲,浸膏具有良好的抗氧化能力,虽然对超氧阴离子自由基抑制率弱于抗坏血酸,但羟基自由基的清除率及DPPH清除率均优于抗坏血酸。     

Nature of light requirement for the flowering of Chenopodium rubrum L. (Ecotype 60° 47′ N)

Seedlings of C. rubrum were irradiated with different light qualities and intensities following a single inductive dark period. Our results show that relatively low intensity white light (35–100 ft. c.) does not support flower development while high intensity white light (650–800 ft. c.) permits 100% flowering. We have shown that the low intensity light inhibiton of flower development is not due to suboptimal photosynthesis. Relatively low intensities of light rich in far-red or blue wavebands sustains optimum flower development, whereas red light is totally ineffective in this respect. Considering that the intensity dependent High Energy Reaction (HER) has its action maxima in the blue and far-red we propose that HER may be positively involved in the flower development of C. rubrum. Our study further suggests that there may be some flower inhibitory component at play in relatively low intensity white light conditions and HER may be required to counteract this flower inhibitory effect.Abbreviations SD short day plant - HER High Energy Reaction - P_FR far-red absorbing form of phytochrome - P_R red absorbing form of phytochrome - L.I.I. low intensity incandescent white light - H.I.I. high intensity incandescent white light - L.I.F. low intensity fluorescent white light - H.I.F. high intensity fluorescent white light - GA₃ gibbrellic acid This paper constitutes a part of a Ph.D. thesis submitted to the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario.     

Improved podophyllotoxin production by transformed cultures of Linum album

Various cell and hairy root cultures of L. album were developed and analyzed for podophyllotoxin content. Transformed callus and hairy root cultures developed from infection of stem portions of in vitro-germinated L. album plant with Agrobacterium rhizogenes NCIM 5140 strain were selected on the basis of high podophyllotoxin content and growth. Based on the integration of Ri T(L)-DNA and T(R)-DNA, integration of only the ags and not the rol gene in transformed cell culture indicated fragmented integration pattern. The effect of different cultivation media and carbon source on growth and podophyllotoxin production were studied in shake-flask suspension cultures. Detailed batch growth and production kinetics with sugar consumption profile were also established. Maximum volumetric productivity of 4.40 and 2.75 mg/L per day was obtained in cell suspension and hairy root cultures, respectively.