NaCl胁迫对藜麦幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

为探讨盐胁迫下两类不同地区藜麦品种幼苗的耐盐机制,该文利用不同浓度的NaCl溶液,对来自青海省海东市乐都区的'LD-13'(低盐地区)和来自青海省海西州乌兰县的'WL-192'(高盐地区)的2个藜麦品种的种子和幼苗进行盐胁迫处理,研究了种子萌发指标(发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数),生长指标(鲜重、根长、茎长)及生理指标(M...     

土荆芥挥发油化感胁迫对土壤胞外酶活性和微生物多样性的影响

入侵植物释放的化感物质可改变土壤理化性状和微生物群落结构,通过与土壤微生物的互作抑制本土植物生长。为了进一步诠释土荆芥化感作用机制,采用温室培养瓶法,探讨了其挥发油对土壤胞外酶活性和微生物多样性的影响。结果表明:土荆芥挥发油不同程度降低了脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和硝酸还原酶的活性(P0.05);较高剂量的挥发油处理组显著促进了过氧化氢酶活性(P0.05)。处理初期挥发油对土壤胞外酶活性影响较大,但随着处理时间延长,其影响逐渐减弱;处理16 d后,较高剂量(20μL和50μL)的挥发油处理组细菌数量显著高于对照(P0.05)。挥发油对土壤放线菌数量的影响表现为低剂量促进,高剂量抑制的效应;PCR-DGGE分析表明,随着挥发油处理剂量增加和处理时间延长,土壤中细菌和真菌的Shannonwiener多样性指数和丰富度指数均增大。结论:土荆芥挥发油可改变土壤微生物群落结构和胞外酶活性,增加土壤微生物多样性。     

Seed germination in Chenopodium album L.: further evidence for the dependence of the effects of growth regulators on nitrate availability

Abstract Chenopodium album L. plants, grown under controlled environmental conditions on different levels of soil nitrate, produced seeds with proportionately different NO^?₃ contents. Regardless of the endogenous NO^?₃ content, few seeds germinated in water or upon treatment with KNO₃. Ethylene promoted germination, and the extent of germination was positively correlated with the endogenous seed NO^?₃ content. Combined application of ethylene and KNO₃ in the dark had a synergistic effect on NO^?₃ -deficient seed. The synergism between ethylene and KNO₃ was attributable to the NO^?₃ moiety of the nitrate salt. Ethylene and light showed moderate synergism in seeds with low or high endogenous nitrate. Addition of nitrate, however, masked the interaction between ethylene and light. Gibberellic acid₄₊₇ (GA₄₊₇) or red light, each alone or combined with KNO₃, had little effect on germination. When applied together in the dark, ethylene and GA₄₊₇ synergistically enhanced the germination of NO^?₃-deficient seed. The combined effects of the two hormones on this seed were further enhanced by the addition of KNO₃. There was no synergism between ethylene and GA₄₊₇ in NO^?₃-rich seed. These interactions among GA₄₊₇, ethylene and KNO₃ were not affected by light. The results confirm and further elaborate our earlier finding that the sensitivity of C. album seeds to ethylene may depend on nitrate availability.     

The Role of Leaf Petiole in Photoperiodic Induction of Flowering

Explants of Chenopodium rubrum, a short-day plant, were decapitated and exposed to floral inductive treatment, and the extent of flowering of axillary buds was afterwards assessed. Isolated buds never responded to induction, whereas the presence of the petiole of the subtending leaf already assured a high degree of flowering. We may assume either that the petiole is the receptor organ of the photoperiodic signal or that its transporting role is indispensable.     

Purification and some properties of strawberry mottle virus

Strawberry mottle virus (SMoV) (three isolates: HJ, 3E and N) were transmitted to Chenopodium quinoa plants by sap inoculation. All three isolates induced very similar symptoms consisting of chlorotic spots and ringspots in inoculated leaves, and vein chlorosis, mottling, and dwarfing of the upper leaves. SMoV isolate HJ was purified from infected C. quinoa by homogenisation with 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.2 containing 5% Triton X-100, followed by differential, sucrose density-gradient and CsCl equilibrium density-gradient centrifugations. A fraction with a buoyant density of 1.42g^- cm^-3 after CsCl density-gradient centrifugation was highly infectious to C. quinoa and contained many isometric virus-like particles c. 37 nm in diameter. These virus-like particles were never found in fractions from uninfected preparations. Electrophoretic analysis of a fraction containing virus-like particles revealed that these particles might have a single coat protein subunit with the apparent molecular mass of 26 K daltons and one nucleic acid of 6.6 kilobases. Double-stranded RNA analysis of isolate HJ-infected or uninfected C. quinoa and Fragaria vesca var. semperflorens seedling line ‘Alpine’ plants showed that both infected plants had two infection-specific dsRNA bands of mol. wts 4.5 and 3.9 × 10⁶.     

Influence of photoinhibition on electron transport and photophosphorylation of isolated chloroplasts

The effects of a photoinhibition treatment (PIT) on electron transport and photophosphorylation reactions were measured in chloroplasts isolated from triazine-resistant and susceptible Chenopodium album plants grown under high and low irradiance. Electron transport dependent on photosystem I (PSI) alone was much less affected by PIT than that dependent on both photosystem II (PSII) and PSI. There was a smaller difference in susceptibility to PIT between the photophosphorylation activitity dependent on PSI alone and that dependent on both PSII and PSI. Because in all cases photophosphorylation activity decreased faster upon PIT than the rate of electron transport, we conclude that photoinhibition causes a gradual uncoupling of electron transport with phosphorylation. Since the extent of the light-induced proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane decreased upon PIT, it is suggested that photoinhibiton causes a proton leakiness of the membrane. We have found no significant differences to PIT of the various reactions measured in chloroplasts isolated from triazine-resistant and susceptible plants. We have also not observed any significant differences to PIT of the photophosphorylation reactions in chloroplasts of plants grown under low irradiance, compared with those grown under high irradiance. However, the electron transport reactions in chloroplasts from plants grown under low irradiance appeared to be somewhat less sensitive to PIT than those grown under high irradiance.     

Improved podophyllotoxin production by transformed cultures of Linum album

Various cell and hairy root cultures of L. album were developed and analyzed for podophyllotoxin content. Transformed callus and hairy root cultures developed from infection of stem portions of in vitro-germinated L. album plant with Agrobacterium rhizogenes NCIM 5140 strain were selected on the basis of high podophyllotoxin content and growth. Based on the integration of Ri T(L)-DNA and T(R)-DNA, integration of only the ags and not the rol gene in transformed cell culture indicated fragmented integration pattern. The effect of different cultivation media and carbon source on growth and podophyllotoxin production were studied in shake-flask suspension cultures. Detailed batch growth and production kinetics with sugar consumption profile were also established. Maximum volumetric productivity of 4.40 and 2.75 mg/L per day was obtained in cell suspension and hairy root cultures, respectively.     

密度对尖头叶藜生物量分配格局及异速生长的影响

植物器官指示植物不同的功能,而植物器官生物量分配比例的变化表征了植物对资源获取能力的调整。在植物生长发育过程中,植物各器官呈一种明显的异速生长规律。利用异速生长分析方法,通过模拟不同密度(16、44.4、100、400株/m~2)下尖头叶藜(Chenopodium acuminatum)的生长特性,研究密度对尖头叶藜器官生物量分配格局及异速生长的影响。结果表明,随密度增加,尖头叶藜地上和地下器官都存在不同程度的竞争:其中,根和主茎生物量分配增加,茎和地上生物量分配减少,而叶和繁殖生物量分配不随密度变化而变化。研究发现,尖头叶藜各器官间具有显著的异速生长关系:其中叶∶主茎、根∶地上部分、根∶茎、根∶主茎、繁殖器官∶地上部分及繁殖器官∶根生物量间的异速生长不随密度变化而变化,属于表观可塑性;而叶∶地上部分、叶∶根、叶∶茎、茎∶地上部分、主茎∶地上部分、繁殖器官∶茎、繁殖器官∶主茎生物量间具有极显著的异速生长关系,异速指数和个体大小显著受密度变化影响,属于真正可塑性,这表明密度能够影响尖头叶藜各器官的生长变化。尖头叶藜叶∶主茎、叶∶根及主茎∶地上部分生物量间的异速指数在D4-密度时与3/4差异不显著(P0.05),符合生态代谢理论,而在D1—D3密度时与3/4差异显著(P0.05),表明充分竞争的植株更符合代谢理论,而竞争不激烈的植株对资源的投入具有物种特异性。