辣根过氧化物酶标记DNA探针及光增强检测DNA指纹图在法医应用的研究

本文介绍了用辣根过氧化物酶直接标记DNA探针,光增强检测DNA指纹图的技术,所得图谱清晰易读,分辨率高,灵敏度为0.8μg,接近~(32)P同位素标记的水平。就150名无关个体的DNA指纹图分析表明两个个体图谱完全相同的机率是3.7×10~(-14);方法稳定性测定表明,足以取代同位素标记,用作准确的个人识别和亲子鉴定,为侦破强奸、凶杀等案件提供重要科学依据,该法简便,快速,适用于各实验室,易于推广应用。     

Hydrogen peroxide formation in cultured rose cells in response to UV-C radiation

Suspension-cultured rose ( Rosa damascena Mill. cv. Gloire de Guilan) cells irradiated with UV-C (254 nm. 558 J m⁻²) showed a transient production of H₂O₂ as measured by chemiluminescence of luminol in the presence of peroxidase (EC 1.1 1.1.7). The peak concentration of H₂O₂, which occurred at about 60–90 min after irradiation, was 8–9 μ M . The time course for the appearance of H₂O₂ matched that for UV–induced K⁺ efflux. Treatments that inhibited the UV-induced efflux of K⁺, including heat and overnight incubation with cycloheximide and diethylmaleate, also inhibited the appearance of H₂O₂. The converse was not always true, since catalase (EC 1.11.1.6. and salicylhydroxamic acid, which inhibited luminescence, did not stop K⁺ efflux. We conclude that H₂O₂ synthesis depends on K⁺ efflux. Because H₂.O₂ in the extracellular space is required for lignin synthesis in many plant tissues, we suggest that the UV–stimulated production of H₂O₂ is an integral part of a defensive lignin synthesis.     

Rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus strains having reduced susceptibility to vancomycin using a chemiluminescence-based drug-susceptibility test

Current drug-susceptibility tests used routinely in clinical laboratories sometimes fail to identify strains of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. To solve this problem, we have developed a more sensitive and rapid method that measures bacterial metabolic activity by a chemiluminescence-based technique. This method is able to discriminate such strains from vancomycin-susceptible S. aureus with a sensitivity and specificity of > 95%. This rapid and reliable method appears to be promising for detection of vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus strains in clinical laboratories, and may supersede classical susceptibility testing.     

Combinatorial selection of a RNA thioaptamer that binds to Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus capsid protein

A phosphorothioate RNA aptamer (thioaptamer) targeting the capsid protein of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) was isolated by in vitro combinatorial selection. The selected thioaptamer had a strong binding affinity (approximately 7nM) and high specificity for the target protein. For the binding to the protein, the overall tertiary structure of the thioaptamer is required. We introduce two theoretical methods to examine the effect of phosphorothioate modification on the enhancement of binding affinity and one experimental method to examine the nature of the multiple bands of thioaptamer in a native gel.     

HRP-HBVDNA探针在临检应用中的研究

本文介绍了一种简便的检测血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ的方法。参照Ｒｅｎｚ等人的标记方法,构建了直接酶标ＨＲＰ ＨＢＶＤＮＡ探针。此探针经与固定在硝酸纤维素滤膜上的血清靶ＤＮＡ杂交后,可通过化学发光自显影检测技术观察结果。敏感度可检测０－１ｐｇ靶ＤＮＡ,相当于同位素探针的灵敏度。对６３份ＨＢｓＡｇＨＢｅＡｇ和Ａｎｔｉ ＨＢｃＥＬＩＳＡ阳性血清以及２４份ＨＢｓＡｇＡｎｔｉ ＨＢｃ阳性,ＨｂｅＡｇ阴性血清用ＨＲＰ ＨＢＶＤＮＡ探针进行检测,结果探针ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性率分别为１００％（６３）和５８％（１４）;对５０份ＨＢｓＡｇ,ＥＬＩＳＡ阴性和ＡＬＴ正常的血清,探针ＨＢＶＤＮＡ全部阴性。实验结果表明本方法具有很大的推广应用价值。     

A chemiluminescence immunoassay for evaluation of Cryptosporidium parvum growth in vitro

Abstract A chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) was developed to detect Cryptosporidium parvum growth in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell cultures. Optimal results were obtained when MDCK cells were plated at a density of 1 × 10⁴ cells/well (96-well plate) and maintained as a monolayer for 4 days prior to infection with 2 × 10⁴ parasites/well. Two compounds (paromomycin and maduramicin) were evaluated and shown to have selective activity against C. parvum in a dose-dependent manner. There was excellent correlation between CLIA and immunofluorescence assay when assessing anti- C. parvum agents in MDCK cells. CLIA offers advantages over conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence assay methods in that it is more sensitive and efficient. The combination of CLIA and MDCK culture provides an efficient tool for evaluating potential anti-cryptosporidial compounds prior to testing in animal models.     

Mechanism of Catechin Chemiluminescence in the Presence of Active Oxygen

The photon emission (chemiluminescence; CL) of catechin in the presence of active oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical tert-butyl hydroperoxide and tert-butyl oxyl radical) and acetaldehyde was confirmed to occur non-enzymatically at room temperature in aqueous neutral conditions. The CL intensity [P] in the presence of active oxygen species (X), catalytic species (Y) and receptors (Z) is predicted by [P] = k [X] [Y] [Z]. The calculated photon constants (k) of 8 catechins and gallic acid were 8.23 × 10⁶ M⁻² s⁻¹ counts ((−)-epigallocatechin), 2.78 × 10⁶ ((−)-epigallocatechin gallate), 4.66 × 10⁵ ((−)-gallocatechin gallate), 4.36 × 10⁵ ((−)-gallocatechin), 2.70 × 10⁵ ((−)-epicatechin), 6.44 × 10⁴ ((−)-catechin), 5.85 × 10⁴ ((−)-epicatechin gallate), 4.78 × 10⁴ (gallic acid) and 3.54 × 10⁴ ((−)-catechin gallate), respectively. The system of active oxygen species, catalytic species and receptors is proposed to be a scavenging mechanism for active oxygen species. In the presence of acetaldehyde, (−)-epigallocatechin (maximum k value among catechins tested) reacted with tert-BuOOH to form tert-BuOH as determined by HPLC analysis.     

Liposomes as carriers of the lipid soluble antioxidant resveratrol: Evaluation of amelioration of oxidative stress by additional antioxidant vitamin

Aim

Resveratrol (RES) is a well-known antioxidant, yet in combination with other antioxidant vitamins, it was found to be more effective than any of these antioxidants alone. Present work aims to compare the antioxidant actions of resveratrol with and without vitamin C following delivery as liposomes tested using chemical and cellular antioxidative test systems.

Main methods

Liposomes were prepared by the thin film hydration method and characterised for percent drug entrapment (PDE), Z-average mean size (nm), polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential. Antioxidative capacity was determined by studying the inhibition of AAPH induced luminol enhanced chemiluminescence and inhibition of ROS production in isolated blood leukocytes. Intracellular oxygen-derived radicals were measured using flow cytometry with buffy coats (BC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells using H₂DCF-DA dye.

Key findings

Particle size varied from 134.2 ± 0.265 nm to 103.3 ± 1.687 nm; PDI ≤ 0.3; zeta potential values were greater than − 30 mV and PDE ≥ 80%. Radical scavenging effect was enhanced with liposomal systems; oxidative burst reaction in BC was inhibited by liposomal formulations, with the effect slightly enhanced in presence of vitamin C. Reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during spontaneous oxidative burst of BC and incubation of HUVECs with H₂O₂ further intensified the antioxidative effects of pure RES and liposomal formulations.

Significance

The present work clearly shows that the antioxidative effects of resveratrol loaded into liposomes are more pronounced when compared to pure resveratrol. Liposomal resveratrol is even active within the intracellular compartments as RES could effectively quench the intracellular accumulation of ROS.     

人睫状神经营养因子突变体基因克隆及高效表达

为了提高人睫状神经营养因子（ＣＮＴＦ）的生物学活性,用ＰＣＲ方法获取Ｎ端缺失１４个氨基酸的ＣＮＴＦ基因片段,经酶切鉴定、核酸测序证实突变体的核苷酸序列,将其重组至表达质粒ｐＢＶ２２０,构建了ＣＮＴＦ突变体表达载体ｐＢＶ－ＣＮＴＦΔ．用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测定其表达水平,鸡胚背根节无血清培养法检测表达蛋白的生物学活性．结果表明,ｐＢＶ－ＣＮＴＦΔ能表达生物学活性高于天然ＣＮＴＦ的约２６ｋＤ蛋白质,表达水平达３０％．为今后通过基因工程方法获得ＣＮＴＦ突变体,从而制备高效的ＣＮＴＦ制剂创造了条件．     

应用RT-PCR检测基因的体外转录活性

体外转录分析已广泛应用于分子生物学领域．由于体外转录所产生的ＲＮＡ的量极少,需有灵敏的方法检测生成的ＲＮＡ．本研究发展了一种基于ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术鉴定体外转录产物的方法．将待研究基因的启动区与任何一段已知的含转录起始位点的编码序列相连,制备成体外转录的模板．体外转录后,用ＤＮａｓｅⅠ将ＤＮＡ模板完全降解;生成的ＲＮＡ经反转录合成ｃＤＮＡ;再以ｃＤＮＡ为模板,用相应的引物进行ＰＣＲ扩增,产物用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测．该法灵敏度高,操作简便,无需同位素,且体外转录模板制备方便．还可结合其他技术,如Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹分析,能获得更高的灵敏度．