胜红蓟化感作用研究Ⅲ.挥发油对不同营养水平下植物的化感作用

研究了胜红蓟挥发油对不同营养水平下植物的化感作用．结果表明,随着营养水平的降低,胜红蓟挥发油对受试植物的化感作用明显增强．在胜红蓟挥发油的作用下,受试植物叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量明显降低,过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ） 活性降低,而质膜相对透性增加,丙二醛（ ＭＤＡ） 含量升高．利用ＧＣ／ ＭＳ对胜红蓟挥发油的组成和含量进行了分析,共鉴定１６ 种物质,其中早熟素Ⅱ、早熟素Ⅰ和子丁香烯为主要成分,相对含量分别为３６ ．８５ ％ 、２６ ．４１ ％ 和１９ ．８４ ％ ．     

植物抗病性物质的研究进展

植物与病原菌相互作用后在植物体内会产生抗性物质。植物的抗病性物质包括两大类 :植物固有的抗菌物质和植物保卫素。本文就近年来对植物抗病性物质的化学组成、生物合成、代谢途径方面的研究进行了综述。     

豆壳过氧化物酶的盐酸胍变性与化学修饰研究

研究了盐酸胍对豆壳过氧化物酶(soybeanhullperoxidase,SHP,EC1.11.1.7)构象与活力的影响,发现去辅基SHP的盐酸胍变(复)性及荧光变化关系与SHP全酶分子的盐酸胍变(复)性及荧光变化关系明显不同。应用过碘酸氧化法去除SHP分子表面糖链,研究糖链去除对酶性质的影响,则证实了SHP分子表面的糖链去除导致酶热稳定性下降。应用不同的蛋白质侧链修饰剂对SHP进行化学修饰则表明,巯基、酪氨酸和色氨酸残基为酶活力非必需,而羧基、组氨酸和精氨酸残基为酶活力所必需。     

龙牙楤木种群分化研究(Ⅱ)薄层色谱的聚类分析

通过应用薄层色谱分析法,对采自黑龙江省小兴安岭、张广才岭和完达山地区的龙牙楤木叶的化学成分进行比较分析,发现不同种群之间叶的化学成分具有较大差异。通过对其化学成分的聚类分析,可将本区域的龙牙楤木划分为两个类群。这个结果与前文对其形态特征分析所得结果完全一致,充分说明本区域龙牙楤木属于同一种物种的两个变种,即原变种Aralia elata var. elata的新组合变种-东北楤木Aralia elata var. mandshurica (Rupr. et Maxim.)W. H. Ye。     

Opportunities at the interface of chemistry and biology

The combination of the tools and principles of chemistry, together with the tools of modern molecular biology, allow us to create complex synthetic and natural molecules, and processes with novel biological, chemical and physical properties. This article illustrates the tremendous opportunity that lies at this interface of chemistry and biology by describing a number of examples, ranging from efforts to expand the genetic code of living organisms to the use of combinatorial methods to generate biologically active synthetic molecules.     

Chemical signals in gametogenesis, spawning, and larval settlement and defense of the soft coral Sinularia polydactyla

 Mass spawning strategies of hard and soft corals on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia have been described in recent years. Nonetheless, the applicability of those studies to corals on other reef systems has not been well documented. Here we describe the mass spawning behavior of the soft coral Sinularia polydactyla on coral reefs surrounding Guam; specifically we describe the events in an annual gametogenic cycle including steroidogenesis, spawning, settlement and early life history defense. The gametogenic cycle of female colonies lasted 12 months while male colonies produced viable sperm within 9 months. Sinularia polydactyla exhibited a split spawn between March and June that correlated with a significant reduction in tissue concentrations of progesterone and testosterone. Estradiol was released into the water column, apparently by female colonies, just prior to spawning. There was a trend for preferential larval settlement in the presence of the crustose coralline algae Hydrolithon reinboldii rather than coral rubble, a natural biofilm, or filtered seawater. The defensive compounds pukalide and 11β-acetoxypukalide were found in eggs and larvae at adult level and three-fold lower than adult-level concentrations, respectively. These compounds provided some predator deterrent and antimicrobial protection against an ecologically relevant omnivorous fish Canthigaster solandri and a sympatric microbe Vibrio sp. Accepted: 10 September 1998     

The Chemical Constituents of Duzhong (The Bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oilv.)

Seven constituents have been isolated from the bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Based on spectral analysis and determination of Physico-chemical constants they have been identified as: nonacosane (Ⅰ), n-triacontanol (Ⅱ), β-sitosterol (Ⅲ), betulin (Ⅳ), betulic acid (Ⅴ), ursolic acid (Ⅵ), vanillic acid (Ⅶ).     

大孔树脂纯化嘉宝果叶片多酚及其生物活性和组成分析

为探讨嘉宝果(Myrciaria cauliflora)叶片多酚的分离纯化方法,对4种树脂(NKA-2、NKA-9、HPD-826和HPD-400A)进行了筛选,并分析了其多酚的抗氧化、体外降糖活性和组成成分。结果表明,NKA-9树脂适于嘉宝果叶片多酚纯化,最佳工艺条件为:上样液质量浓度2.00 mg/mL、洗脱液乙醇体积分数70%、上样流速1.0 mL/min、上样量204 mL、洗脱流速0.9 mL/min、洗脱量70 mL。嘉宝果叶多酚纯度可达69.86%。嘉宝果叶片纯化后的多酚抗氧化及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性高于纯化前,但α-淀粉酶抑制活性低于纯化前。HPLC结果表明,嘉宝果叶片中含有杨梅苷、芦丁、金丝桃苷和鞣花酸,其中鞣花酸含量最高[(16.15±0.49) mg/g]。因此,NKA-9树脂适合分离纯化嘉宝果叶片多酚,纯化后的多酚抗氧化及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性增强。     

化学诱导对一株海洋来源土曲霉C23-3次生代谢产物及其生物活性的影响

【背景】海洋微生物是药理活性先导化合物的重要源泉,而化学诱导是深入挖掘其次生代谢潜力的一种便捷手段。【目的】以一株海洋来源土曲霉C23-3为出发菌株,筛选出可促进其产生更丰富代谢产物(包括丁内酯类化合物)的发酵条件,进一步开发菌株在抗阿尔茨海默症方面的潜力。【方法】分别选用海水马铃薯培养基、麦芽浸膏培养基、大米培养基和大豆培养基4种基础培养基,利用丁酸钠、辛二酰苯胺异羟肟酸(Suberoylanilidehydroxamicacid,SAHA)、5-氮杂胞嘧啶核苷(5-azacytidine,5-azaC)、盐酸普鲁卡因(Procaine hydrochloride)、ZnCl_2和CuCl_2共6种化学诱导剂对土曲霉C23-3进行微量的诱导培养。观察该菌菌丝体形态变化,并根据薄层层析(Thin-layerchromatography,TLC)指纹图谱、化学显色及生物活性自显影结果初筛出代谢产物丰富且乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性与抗氧化活性产物丰富的诱导条件,并进行进一步常量发酵。采用上述手段及高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(High performance liquid chromatography-Diode array detector,HPLC-DAD)分析常量发酵代谢产物的总体多样性及丁内酯类化合物的多样性。【结果】发现CuCl_2、ZnCl_2、SAHA和5-azaC可引起土曲霉C23-3菌丝体生长形态显著变化,海水马铃薯培养基+100μmol/L丁酸钠等6种诱导条件在微量培养初筛及常量发酵复筛中均可使该菌株产生多样化的活性代谢产物,其丁内酯类代谢产物也具有一定差异性。【结论】化学诱导手段可促使土曲霉C23-3产生丰富且新颖的活性代谢产物,为多样化的抗阿尔茨海默症天然产物的发现奠定了基础。     

咖啡化学成分及其生物活性研究进展

咖啡为茜草科(Rubiaceae)咖啡属(Coffea)植物,位居世界三大饮品之首,具有降低血糖、保护肝脏和神经保护等作用.咖啡化学成分类别较多,包括生物碱、酚酸类、黄酮类、萜类等.咖啡中的化学成分是发挥其生物学功能和形成特色风味的基础,对其化学成分来源和生物活性进行综述,为进一步发展咖啡产业提供依据和理论支撑.