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871.
Lactarius is a genus of Basidiomycotina with mainly agaricoid representatives, which are characterised by the excretion of a typical milky fluid. In particular, the colour, changes and taste of this latex-like milk are often used as a taxonomically important character. When it is exuded several chemical reactions occur. To date, NMR spectroscopy is generally used for chemical investigation of this latex. However, as a vibrational spectroscopic technique Raman spectroscopy has several advantageous properties for this type of research. The aim of this study is to investigate whether Raman spectroscopy can be used as an alternative analytical technique to monitor the chemical reactions in Lactarius latex. Therefore, this paper presents the first Raman spectra of Lactarius latex and provides an interpretation of the Raman bands that are present. L. lacunarum latex spectra are thoroughly investigated by 2D correlation analysis and are compared with latex spectra of other species (L. chrysorrheus, L. deterrimus, L. fluens, L. glyciosmus and L. salmonicolor). 相似文献
872.
Altitudinal variation of secondary metabolite profiles in flowering heads of Arnica montana cv. ARBO
Spitaler R Schlorhaufer PD Ellmerer EP Merfort I Bortenschlager S Stuppner H Zidorn C 《Phytochemistry》2006,67(4):409-417
The altitudinal variation on the contents of secondary metabolites in flowering heads of Arnica montana was assessed. Plants of A. montana cultivar ARBO were grown in nine experimental plots at altitudes between 590 and 2230m at Mount Patscherkofel near Innsbruck/Austria. The total contents of sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoids were not positively correlated with the altitude of the growing site. However, the proportion of flavonoids with vicinal free hydroxy groups in ring B to flavonoids lacking this feature significantly increased with elevation. Additionally, the level of caffeic acid derivatives also positively correlated with the altitude of the growing site. In particular amounts of 1-methoxyoxaloyl-3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid significantly increased in higher sites and samples from the summit region contained 85% more of this compound than samples from valley sites. These results are discussed with regards to chemosystematic studies comparing samples collected in different altitudes as well as in the light of a UV-B protective and radical scavenging function of phenolics and their significance for plant life in environments with elevated UV-B radiation. 相似文献
873.
In this paper a new enzymatic process direction is described for obtaining machine washable wool with acceptable quality. In general, application of protease enzyme technology in wool processing results in considerable loss of tensile strength by diffusion of the enzyme into the interior of wool fibers. To overcome this disadvantage enzymatic activity has been more targeted to the outer surface of the scales by improving the susceptibility of the outer surface scale protein for proteolytic degradation. This has been realized by a pretreatment of wool with hydrogen peroxide at alkaline pH in the presence of high concentrations of salt. 相似文献
874.
875.
金荞麦抗菌活性研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
目的 探讨金荞麦乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯的萃取部分(待测样品)的抑菌作用,并对此部分进行分离纯化以研究其抗菌活性的物质基础。方法 与复方板蓝根颗粒做对比,采用平皿稀释法及动物实验对待测样品进行体外及体内实验,测定其对各试验菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和对肺炎链球菌感染小鼠的体内保护作用.并采用多种色谱方法对此部分进行分离纯化。结果 体外抑菌试验表明,待测样品对乙型溶血性链球菌、肺炎球菌有明显的抑制作用;体内抑菌实验表明此部分对肺炎球菌菌株所致的小鼠感染有保护作用;从该活性部分分离得到8个化合物为:反式对羟基桂皮酸甲酯(trans-p-hydroxy cinnamic methyl ester,Ⅰ),3,4-二羟基苯甲酰胺(3,4-dihydroxy benzamide,Ⅱ),原儿茶酸(protocatechuic acid,Ⅲ),原儿茶酸甲酯(protocatechuic acid methyl ester,Ⅳ),木犀草素(luteolin,V),槲皮素(quercitrin,Ⅵ),芸香苷(rutm,Ⅶ),(一)-表儿茶素[(一)-epicatechin,Ⅷ]。结论 待测样品在体内及体外均有较强的抑菌活性,而具有抗菌作用的物质基础为酚酸类及黄酮类化合物。 相似文献
876.
Brian D. Wisenden Julie Pogatshnik Danfee Gibson Lucia Bonacci Adam Schumacher Allison Willett 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2008,81(2):141-147
Fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, and glowlight tetras, Hemigrammus erythrozonus, were tested for their ability to associate predation risk with novel auditory stimuli after auditory stimuli were presented
simultaneously with chemical alarm cues. Minnows and tetras gave a fright response when exposed to skin extract (alarm cue)
and an artificial auditory sound stimulus, but no response to water (control) and sound, indicating that they did not have
a pre-existing aversion to the auditory stimulus. When retested with sound stimuli alone, minnows and glowlight tetras that
had previously been conditioned with water and sound showed no response, but those that had been conditioned with alarm cues
and sound exhibited antipredator behaviour (reduced activity) in response to the auditory cue. This is the first known demonstration
of learned association of an auditory cue with predation risk, and raises questions about the role of sound in mediating predator-prey
interactions in fishes. 相似文献
877.
When isolated single cells of Paramecium bursaria were treated with 1.25% methyl cellulose, most of the single cells showed nuclear changes which were substantially similar to those seen in conjugation, suggesting that the cells undergo autogamy. Additional cytological observations indicated that the cells underwent normal nuclear processes during autogamy. The ability to induce autogamy will facilitate genetic studies in P. bursaria. 相似文献
878.
In this work, the ability of Pleurotus spp.:P. sajor-caju; P. platypus and P. citrinopileatus to treat pulp and paper mill effluent on a laboratory and pilot scale were studied. On the laboratory scale treatment, P. sajor-caju decolorized the effluent by 66.7% on day 6 of incubation. Inorganic chloride liberated by P. sajor-caju was 230.9% (814.0 mg/dl) and the COD was reduced by 61.3% (1302.0 mg/dl) on day 10 of treatment. In the pilot scale treatment
maximum decolorization was obtained by P. sajor-caju (60.1%) on day 6 of the incubation. Inorganic chloride content was increased by 524.0 mg/dl (113.0%) and the COD was reduced
by 1442.0 mg/dl (57.2%) by P. sajor-caju on day 7 of incubation. These results revealed that the treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent by P. sajor-caju proved as better candidate for the purpose than P. platypus and P. citrinopileatus. 相似文献
879.
柴胡属植物化学成分及药理研究新进展 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
介绍了近十年来国内外柴胡属植物化学成分及主要化学部位药理研究新进展.为进一步研究开发柴胡提供了依据. 相似文献
880.
Assessment of local predation risk: the role of subthreshold concentrations of chemical alarm cues 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The ability to accurately assess local predation risk is criticalto prey individuals, as it allows them to maximize threat-sensitivetrade-offs between predator avoidance and other fitness relatedactivities. A wide range of taxonomically diverse prey (includingmany freshwater fishes) relies on chemical alarm cues (alarmpheromones) as their primary information source for local riskassessment. However, the value of chemical alarm cues has beenquestioned due to the availability of additional sensory inputs(i.e., visual cues) and the lack of an overt antipredator responseunder conditions of low perceived risk. In this paper, we testthe hypothesis that chemical alarm cues at concentrations belowthe point at which they elicit an overt behavioral responsefunction to increase vigilance towards other sensory modalities(i.e., visual alarm cues). Shoals of glowlight tetras (Hemigrammuserythrozonus) exposed to the subthreshold concentration of hypoxanthine-3-N-oxide(the putative Ostariophysan alarm pheromone) did not exhibitan overt antipredator response in the absence of secondary visualcues (not different than the distilled water control). However,when exposed to the sight of a visually alarmed conspecific,they significantly increased the intensity of their antipredatorresponse (not different from shoals exposed to the suprathresholdalarm cue). This study demonstrates that prey may benefit fromresponding to low concentration alarm cues by increasing vigilancetowards secondary cues during local risk assessment, even inthe absence of an overt behavioral response. By increasing vigilancetowards secondary risk assessment cues in the presence of alow risk chemical cue, individuals are likely able to maximizethe threat-sensitive trade-offs between predator avoidance andother fitness related activities. 相似文献