一种新型一体化防护服的抗荷性能

目的:探讨一种新型一体化防护服(IPS)的抗荷性能.方法:在离心机上首先测定10名受试者的基础 Gz耐力,然后受试者穿IPS充气,测此时的松弛耐力,两者之差即为IPS的抗荷性能.结果:受试者穿IPS时的松弛耐力明显高于基础耐力(P＜0.01),其抗荷性能达到(2.38±0.38)G.结论:IPS的抗荷性能较好,可满足我国高性能战斗机的需要.     

The hMLH1 promoter polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility in Asian populations: A meta-analysis

Background

A variety of studies have evaluated the associations between polymorphisms in the promoter regions of the hMLH1 and cancer risk. However, the results remain inconclusive. To better understand the roles of the hMLH1 polymorphisms and cancer risk, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to investigate the association between the hMLH1 − 93G/A and 1151T/A (Val384Asp) polymorphisms and cancer risk in Asian population.

Methods

We performed a meta-analysis by conducting searches of the published studies in Pub Med, CNKI, CBM, ISI web of knowledge and Google scholar search databases. Finally, 12 studies were included into our meta-analysis. Overall and subgroup analyses were performed. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the associations between hMLH1 polymorphisms and cancer risk. Statistical analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.0.

Results

Twelve studies addressing two hMLH1 polymorphisms were analyzed among a total of 4128 cancer cases and 4678 controls. For hMLH1 − 93G/A, there was no evidence that the hMLH1 − 93G/A polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased cancer risk (P > 0.05) in Asian populations (heterozygote comparison: OR = 0.89 [95% CI (0.75, 1.060)] P = 0.20; dominant model comparison: OR = 0.98 [95% CI (0.83, 1.15)] P = 0.79). In subgroup analysis based on cancer types and the sources of control, no associations were found in colorectal cancer, gastric cancer and “other cancers” under the any gene model except for lung cancer (recessive model comparison: OR = 1.69 [95% CI (1.30, 2.19)] P < 0.0001). For hMLH1 1151T/A, the polymorphism significantly associated with an increased cancer risk in Asians: OR = 1.88 [95% CI (1.49, 2.25)], P < 0.0001, and OR = 1.87 [95% CI (1.49, 2.25)], P < 0.0001.

Conclusions

Our investigations demonstrated that the hMLH1 − 93G/A polymorphism is not a candidate for susceptibility to overall cancers, and that the hMLH1 1151T/A polymorphism is significantly associated with higher cancer risk in Asian populations. Further studies with large sample size for hMLH1 should be conducted.     

三峡水库坝下江心洲植物群落及其性状对不同水淹强度的响应

三峡水库的运行,改变了其坝下游的水沙情势,使坝下游沙洲生境呈现出明显的水淹强度梯度变化。阐明这一梯度变化下沙洲植被组成、分布和性状结构特征,是理解植被与沙洲稳定关系的基础,更是阐明三峡工程对长江中下游地区生态环境影响的核心内容之一。选取上荆江河段第一个江心洲-太平口心滩作为研究样地,通过植被组成和分布特征的调查,对不同水淹强度下群落物种组成、多样性和功能特征进行了深入分析。结果表明：太平口心滩植被组成以草本植物为主,稀布小型灌木川三蕊柳。调查共记录物种21科33属39种,以禾本科和菊科植物为主要优势种。轻微（20-40 d）和极强水淹强度（100+d）条件下的生境物种组成同其他水淹强度生境具有显著性差异,轻微水淹强度下牛鞭草和节节草为主要优势种,极强水淹强度下虉草为主要优势种。不同水淹强度下物种多样性指数差异显著,功能多样性指数和生物多样性指数趋势基本一致。随着水淹时间的延长,植被更倾向于表现出花果期位于出露期、植株高度更加低矮、须根系、进行营养繁殖的功能性状。江心洲植被的群落结构和功能性状特征都在水淹梯度下呈现出明显的梯度变化特征。这些研究结果表明水淹强度的梯度变化是沙洲植物群落变化的重要驱动因子,为进一步研究沙洲植物群落动态变化以及沙洲植被协同演替机制,明晰大坝影响下的生态环境变化提供重要依据。     

格网尺度下青海玛多县土地利用及生态系统服务价值空间自相关分析

开展黄河源区土地利用和生态系统服务价值空间量化评估,对于保障黄河流域生态安全具有重要意义。以黄河源区玛多县为例,基于3 km×3 km网格单元,应用空间自相关方法构建生态系统服务价值评价模型,定量评价了2015年玛多县土地利用/覆被空间自相关格局特征,可视化表达了玛多县生态系统服务价值空间信息。结果表明: 在3 km×3 km格网尺度下,不同覆盖度草地覆盖范围广阔;水域网格占总网格数的42.9%,在玛多县西北部分布密集;建设用地呈东北-西南走向的“线条式”分布;未利用土地体现为西南多、东北少的分布格局。在空间上,玛多县土地利用类型网格之间相互影响,表现为正相关性和聚集分布。水域的全局Moran I和局部Moran I值均最大,空间聚集性最强,局部连片度较高。建设用地的全局Moran I和局部Moran I值分别为0.293和0.127,空间自相关性最弱,在小范围内呈聚集特点。2015年,玛多县生态系统服务价值(ESV)为938.87亿元,网格的ESV平均值为3.20×10⁷元,最大值为19.96×10⁷元,水域分布网格是ESV的高值区。玛多县ESV分布格局整体上呈显著的空间正向自相关,ESV在网格之间为聚集分布。不同土地利用类型ESV网格总体呈高高、低低聚集,在局部零星为高低、低高聚集。可采取的国土空间规划与用途管制策略包括:水域、未利用土地采用强调生态溢出价值的“集中连片式”保护模式,高、中、低覆盖度草地采取主次分明、划区管理的“组团式”生态治理模式,建设用地在“廊道式”分布格局中采取小范围集约化开发利用模式。     

Potential stocks of reef fish-based ecosystem services in the Kuroshio Current region: Their relationship with latitude and biodiversity

The latitudinal decline of species richness is a general spatial pattern of biodiversity, and it applies to marine species as well. Based on a latitudinal gradient of marine species richness, potential stocks of marine ecosystem services are expected to be higher in lower latitudes through increment in biodiversity. However, little is known about the relationships of the marine ecosystem services with latitude and biodiversity. We estimated the latitudinal patterns and relationships with the biodiversity of potential stocks of three major reef fish-based ecosystem services (fisheries production, aquarium fish production, and recreational diving) at ten coral habitats from tropical to temperate zones in the Kuroshio Current region (8°37′N–33°24′N) using field survey data and information from relevant websites and administrative statistics. We found a latitudinal declin from south to north in potential stocks of aquarium fish production and diving in this region, whereas the peaks of fisheries production were found around both tropical and sub-tropical zones. Our results also showed strong positive effects of biodiversity on potential stocks of the three ecosystem services, highlighting the importance of conserving diverse fish species to sustain multiple services at high levels. Broad spatial patterns of the reef fish-based ecosystem services are useful as baselines for future evaluation of their changes. As the effects of climate change on reef fishes are predicted to vary among different latitude zones, our estimates of the ecosystem services infer specific management and economic actions for the respective zones against climate change.     

TEP au 18-FDG et carcinose péritonéale d’origine ovarienne : valeurs diagnostique et pronostique avant chimio-hyperthermie intra-péritonéale (CHIP)

AimEvaluate 18-FDG PET/CT diagnostic and prognostic value before HIPEC.Materials and methodsThis retrospective monocentric study included 38 patients with recurrent (n = 27) or primary (n = 11) ovarian cancer who were blinded reviewed for the presence of peritoneal lesions on PET/CT before HIPEC treatment. The results were compared to surgical and histopathological findings, and to survival curves.ResultsThirty-two patients had peritoneal carcinomatosis based on surgical and histopathological findings, and 19 based on PET. There was no suspicious site of abnormal FGD uptake in the supradiaphragmatic regions. The sensitivity and specificity were respectively 56.2 and 100%. Among the 14 false negative patients, 11 had infracentimetric peritoneal implants, and most of them (n = 13) had chemotherapy before HIPEC. There was significantly more patients treated by chemotherapy in the negative PET group (P = 0.02). Even if the event rate observed was higher in the positive PET group for both event free and overall survival (respectively 68% vs. 64% and 26.3% vs. 17.6%), no significant difference was observed using the survival curves (respectively P = 0.62 and 0.59).ConclusionFDG PET/CT before HIPEC showed excellent specificity and lower sensitivity, due to small peritoneal implants and probably to chemotherapy before HIPEC. No significant prognostic value of FDG PET was observed in our study. FDG PET could be considered as a useful tool for detecting distant metastasis with an impact on therapeutic management.     

贻贝棘尾虫(原生动物,纤毛门)镜像骈体自身各部移接的实验

棘尾虫是细胞表面具有特殊纤毛结构排列方式的复杂下毛类纤毛虫。其镜像骈体的两列纤毛结构几乎完全是左右对称排列 ,一个是正常方式排列的 ,另一个是相反方式排列。本文包括两项移接实验 :1)将棘尾虫口对镜像骈体一侧细胞的后半部分倒转 180°与另一侧细胞的前半部分对接 ;2 )将此种骈体一侧后半部分调转90°与另一侧细胞的前半部分对接。接后定时分期固定接块 ,以蛋白银染色法 ,观察其发育过程及结果。实验 1的发育结果为有的仍形成口对镜像骈体 ;有的成为末端对末端的镜像骈体。实验 2的发育结果为全部成为口对镜像骈体。两项实验结果均可用位置值假说解释 ,实验 1属于位置值插入的结果 ;实验 2为位置值添加的结果。为何实验Ⅰ有的发育成口对镜像骈体有的发育成末端对末端的镜像骈体 ,而实验 2却全部发育成口对镜像骈体呢 ?这是接块发育中是否发生对折的结果。Shietal.(1991)认为与预存的缘棘毛和是否具有完整表膜的面积大小有关系。接块在发育中是否发生对折与接块的伤口一侧面积大小和具完整表膜有关系。接块具完整表膜和缘棘毛的一侧由于新缘棘毛和口围带的发育生长 ,造成该侧的伸张 ,产生前后两接块向伤口一侧对折的压力 ,从而接块发生对折形成口对镜像骈体。我们认为还应有其它因素 :(1)与细胞     

黄土丘陵沟壑区集水区尺度土地利用格局变化的水土流失效应

以陕北杏河集水区1985和1995年两期土地利用数据为基础,结合水文、DEM数据,定性分析了土地利用格局变化条件下的水土流失效应,其中采用双累积曲线法来界定土地利用格局基本没有变化的时间段,用C值在坡度、距河流距离上的分布来表征土地利用格局,用不同时期降雨量／径流量、降雨侵蚀力／输沙率相对增加的比例来表征水土流失效应。研究结果表明：(1)1981～2000年,土地利用格局变化剧烈的年份为1990～1991年,可以用1985、1995年两期数据分别代表20世纪80年代和90年代的土地利用;(2)从20世纪80年代到90年代,杏河集水区的C值有明显的增加趋势,在较陡坡度和距河流距离较近处,C值增加的幅度相对较大;(3)土地利用格局变化明显改变了降雨量-径流量、降雨侵蚀力-输沙率的关系,出现了从20世纪80年代到90年代,虽然降雨量／降雨侵蚀力在整体上呈现明显下降的趋势,但是水土流失量,却表现出同比增加的现象,而且这种增加在不同月份也有差异。用本文中的方法来表征土地利用格局和水土流失效应,其结果具有较好的比配性,可以用来定性分析土地利用格局与水土流失的关系。但是,由于水土流失效应的表征方法没有考虑降雨的空间变异特征,该方法尚不适于雨量站点比较密集、降雨空间变异较大的区域。此外,在进一步的研究中,还需要注意遥感数据解译的准确性、C值精度、土地条件的变化等问题。     

蜻蜓目昆虫资源价值

从内禀价值、生态价值、经济价值和社会价值四个层次,总结和探讨了蜻蜓目昆虫资源价值。蜻蜓目昆虫是古老而进化成功的昆虫,遗传资源丰富,是生态系统中不可或缺的消费者,也是优良的生态环境指示生物,适用于对水陆环境的评价;作为食用昆虫优质原料、中医动物药原材料、天敌昆虫生防资源和未来科技仿生对象,可为人类创造较好的经济价值;还与人类的精神文化世界息息相关,逐渐形成了独具魅力的昆虫文化现象,具有现实的和潜在的资源价值。     

Identification of genes related to intramuscular fat independent of backfat thickness in Duroc pigs using single‐step genome‐wide association

Intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important meat‐quality trait of pigs, which influences pork’s shearing force, hydraulics, tenderness and juicy flavor. However, to achieve a higher percentage of lean meat, pigs with lower backfat thickness (BF) are intensively selected for, which may lead to a reduction in pork quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to locate loci that affect IMF without changing BF. A single‐step GWAS was performed on 950 Duroc pigs genotyped by a 50K SNP chip in order to detect genomic variants relevant to IMF and BF. The significant SNPs detected were afterwards divided into a BF subset (seven SNPs), an IMF subset (11 SNPs) and a subset of both traits (12 SNPs), according to their P‐value and LD. After SNP and QTL annotation, our results indicated that SSC1: 167938652, 166363826, 164829874 and 167171587 might be associated with IMF without changing BF. In the subset of both traits, we found that the combined effect of ALGA0006602 (SSC1: 159538854) and 12784636 (SSC1: 160773437) might improve the IMF without changing BF. Our gene annotation result showed that TLE3, ITGA11, SMAD6, PAQR5 and [RNF152^A/G × MC4R^A/A] genes might affect IMF independently of BF. We believe that the SNPs and genes identified in this study will be valuable for the future molecular breeding of IMF in Duroc pigs.