抗大麦黄矮病的小偃麦易位系的创制与鉴定

抗大麦黄矮病的小偃麦易位系的创制与鉴定@辛志勇$中国农业科学院作物育种载培研究所!北京100081@张增燕$中国农业科学院作物育种载培研究所!北京100081@陈孝$中国农业科学院作物育种载培研究所!北京100081@林志珊$中国农业科学院作物育种载培研究所!北京100081大麦;;小偃麦;;易位系     

Calpain,calpastatin activities and ratios during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is accompanied by an early burst in calpain activity, resulting in decreased calpastatin activity and an increased calpain/calpastatin ratio, thereby promoting increased protein release. To determine the possibility of a calpain burst impacting cardiac calpastatin inhibitory activity, rat hearts were subjected (Langendorff) to either 45 or 60 min of ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion with and without pre-administration (s.c.) of a cysteine protease inhibitor (E-64c). Myocardial function, calpain activities (casein release assay), calpastatin inhibitory activity and release of CK, LDH, cTnI and cTnT were determined (n = 8 for all groups). As expected no detectable changes in calpain activities were observed following I/R with and without E-64c (p > 0.05). Both I/R conditions reduced calpastatin activity (p < 0.05) while E-64c pre-treatment was without affect, implicating a non-proteolytic event underlying the calpastatin changes. A similar result was noted for calpain–calpastatin ratios and the release of all marker proteins (p < 0.05). In regard to cardiac function, E-64c resulted in transient improvements (15 min) for left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and rate of pressure development (p < 0.05). E-64c had no effect on end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) or coronary pressure (CP) during I/R. These findings demonstrate that restricting the putative early burst in calpain activity, suggested for I/R, by pre-treatment of rats with E-64c does not prevent downegulation of calpastatin inhibitory activity and/or protein release despite a transient improvement in cardiac function. It is concluded that increases in calpain isoform activities are not a primary feature of I/R changes, although the role of calpastatin downregulation remains to be elucidated.     

空间分辨代谢组学在疾病诊断研究中的应用进展

基于质谱成像技术发展而来的空间分辨代谢组学;能够直接对动植物组织或细胞中的代谢产物进行原位定性、定量;以及借力图像整体或局部特征对代谢物进行结构、含量、时空动态变化及其空间分布定位分析;识别潜在可靠的生物标志物。该技术具有高灵敏度、高分辨率、高可视化性以及无需标记等优点;已被越来越广泛地运用在临床疾病诊断与研究中。本文主要总结了近年来空间分辨代谢组学的技术发展;阐述其在肿瘤、神经精神疾病、糖尿病等疾病中的应用进展;旨在为空间分辨代谢组学在疾病诊断中的应用提供借鉴和参考。     

新生溶血病患儿红细胞上致敏抗体对Rh 血型检测的影响

目的:探讨新生溶血病患儿红细胞致敏抗体对其Rh血型鉴定的影响。方法:采用抗球蛋白法、盐水法、微柱凝胶法(Rh血型测定型)、凝聚胺法和抗血清微柱凝胶法(Ig G型)五种方法对近三年来我院收集的163例新生溶血病患儿红细胞进行Rh血型检测,对五种检测结果不一致的患儿红细胞进行0.2 M 2-巯基乙醇抗体放散,比较放散后五种方法检测结果并验证其准确性。结果:29例直接抗体试验阳性患儿的五种Rh血型检测结果不一致,经0.2 M 2-巯基乙醇抗体放散后检测结果均一致。Rh血型准确性验证表明,红细胞放散测定的Rh血型完全符合临床现象。结论:患儿红细胞的致敏抗体达一定数量后,会影响抗球蛋白法、盐水法、微柱凝胶法(Rh血型测定型)、凝聚胺法和抗血清微柱凝胶法(Ig G型)对Rh血型鉴定,0.2M 2-巯基乙醇抗体放散法是一种正确鉴定新生儿Rh血型的简单可行的方法。     

Dopamine release is severely compromised in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease

Recently, alterations in dopamine signaling have been implicated in Huntington's disease. In this work, dopamine release and uptake was measured in striatal slices from the R6/2 transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at carbon-fiber microelectrodes. Dopamine release in brain slices from 6-week-old R6/2 mice is substantially reduced (53% of wild type), while dopamine uptake is unaffected. In agreement with this, R6/2 mice injected with the dopamine uptake inhibitor cocaine exhibited a blunted motor activity response (54% of wild type). At 10 weeks of age, an even more dramatic motor activity decrease in response to cocaine injection (21% of wild type) was observed. Moreover, the pre-drug activity of 10-week-old R6/2 mice was significantly reduced (by 37%) compared with 6-week-old R6/2 mice. Striatal dopamine release decreased with age, indicating that progressive alterations in dopaminergic pathways may affect motor activity. The inhibition constants of cocaine and methamphetamine (METH) determined in brain slices differed little between genotype or age group, suggesting that the decreased responses to cocaine and METH arise from compromised dopamine release rather than differences in uptake or drug action. Collectively, these data demonstrate (i) a reduction in the ability of dopamine terminals to release dopamine and (ii) the importance of this attenuation of release on the motor symptoms of Huntington's disease.     

生物多样性控制作物病害研究进展

自然资源的合理利用和生态环境保护是人类实现可持续发展的基础, 生物多样性的研究和保护已成为世界各国普遍关注的重大问题。农作物病害是农业生产上重要的生物灾害, 是制约农业可持续发展的主要因素之一, 抗病品种大面积单一化种植导致了农业生物多样性水平严重降低, 因而农业生物多样性的过度丧失已成为可持续农业所面临的主要难题。利用生物多样性持续控制作物病害能减轻作物病害发生和作物产量损失, 达到保护作物多样性, 减少农药过量施用给农业生态环境造成破坏的最终目的, 而揭示生物多样性控制作物病害的机制能有效地指导生产上对不同作物进行合理布局和轮换, 建立作物不同组合的优化搭配和种植模式。文章从分子、生理和生态水平研究农业生物多样性控制作物病害的机制、以及影响作物多样性控制病害的因素、覆盖作物等几方面对生物多样性控制作物病害的研究进展进行概述, 同时对今后生物多样性控制作物病害机制还需加强的研究部分进行了展望。     

注射用地尔硫卓联合前列地尔注射液对射血分数保留型心衰患者心功能、血清炎症因子和氧化应激的影响

摘要 目的：注射用地尔硫卓联合前列地尔注射液对射血分数保留型心衰（HFpEF）患者心功能、血清炎症因子和氧化应激的影响。方法：选取2016年3月至2020年3月期间于齐都医院接受治疗的HFpEF患者108例,根据奇偶排序法分为对照组54例、研究组54例,对照组患者给予注射用地尔硫卓治疗,研究组患者给予注射用地尔硫卓联合前列地尔注射液治疗,疗程为2周。对比两组治疗2周后的疗效,记录两组治疗期间不良反应发生情况。对比两组治疗前、治疗2周后的二尖瓣舒张早期血流峰速度/心房收缩期二尖瓣口最大血流流速（E/A）以及二尖瓣舒张早期血流峰速度/二尖瓣环舒张早期运动峰速度（E/E''）、B型尿钠肽（BNP）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素（IL）-6、巨噬细胞移动抑制因子（MIF）、鸟嘌呤（8-OHdG）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）。结果：与对照组的总有效率75.93%（41/54）相比,研究组的总有效率92.59%（50/54）更高（P<0.05）。研究组治疗2周后BNP、E/E''低于对照组,E/A高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗2周后IL-6、CRP、MIF低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗2周后8-OhdG、MDA低于对照组,SOD高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组均未见明显不良反应发生。结论：注射用地尔硫卓联合前列地尔注射液能显著改善HFpEF患者心功能,改善机体血清炎症因子和氧化应激,安全有效。     

体外超声在心脏疾病治疗中的应用

随着超声技术的发展和对心脏疾病治疗研究的深入,超声技术在心脏疾病治疗领域中的应用逐步成为研究热点。其中,体外超声作为一种无创物理疗法,尤为受到研究者们的关注。本文介绍了近年来体外超声在心脏疾病治疗中的应用进展,并对其存在的问题和发展前景进行了探讨。