Investigation of an F-18 oxytocin receptor selective ligand via PET imaging

The compound 1-(1-(2-(2-(2-fluoroethoxy)-4-(piperidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)acetyl)piperidin-4-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one (1) was synthesized and positively evaluated in vitro for high potency and selectivity with human oxytocin receptors. The positron emitting analogue, [F-18]1, was synthesized and investigated in vivo via PET imaging using rat and cynomolgus monkey models. PET imaging studies in female Sprague–Dawley rats suggested [F-18]1 reached the brain and accumulated in various regions of the brain, but washed out too rapidly for adequate quantification and localization. In vivo PET imaging studies in a male cynomolgus monkey suggested [F-18]1 had limited brain penetration while specific uptake of radioactivity significantly accumulated within the vasculature of the cerebral ventricles in areas representative of the choroid plexus.     

Psychological and physiological effect in humans of touching plant foliage - using the semantic differential method and cerebral activity as indicators

Background

Numerous studies have reported on the healing powers of plants and nature, but there have not been so many instances of experimental research. In particular, there are very few psychological and physiological studies using tactile stimuli. This study examines the psychological and physiological effects of touching plant foliage by using an evaluation profile of the subjects’ impressions and investigating cerebral blood flow.

Methods

The subjects were 14 young Japanese men aged from 21 to 27 years (mean ± standard deviation: 23.6 ± 2.4). With their eyes closed, the subjects touched four different tactile samples including a leaf of natural pothos (Epipremnum aureum). The physiological indices were compared before and after each stimulus. Psychological indices were obtained using a ‘semantic differential’ method.

Results

The fabric stimulus gave people ‘soft’ and ‘rough’ impressions, ‘kind’, ‘peaceful’ and ‘pleasant’ feelings psychologically, and a sense of physiological calm. On the other hand, the metal stimulus gave people ‘cold’, ‘smooth’ and ‘hard’ impressions and an image of something ‘artificial’. The metal stimulus caused a stress response in human cerebral blood flow although its evaluation in terms of ‘pleasant or unpleasant’ was neutral. There were no remarkable differences between the stimuli of natural and artificial pothos compared with other types of stimulus psychologically. However, only the natural pothos stimulus showed a sense of physiological calm in the same appearance as the fabric stimulus.

Conclusions

This study shows that people experience an unconscious calming reaction to touching a plant. It is to be concluded that plants are an indispensable element of the human environment.     

血栓通注射液联合阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死患者血脂和血液流变学的影响

目的:研究阿托伐他汀片与血栓通注射液联合治疗对脑梗死患者血脂及血液流变学的影响。方法:选取我院从2012年2月到2014年2月收治的急性脑梗死患者100例,分成两组,每组各50例。对照组静脉滴注血栓通注射液,试验组静脉滴注血栓通注射液加口服阿托伐他汀片治疗。14天后观察两个组的治疗效果,并且进行血脂(TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C)、血液流变学(血浆粘度、全血高切粘度、全血低切粘度、全血还原黏度、纤维蛋白原、细胞刚性指数)等指标的检测,以及疗效及不良反应情况。结果:治疗后试验组TC、TG、LDL-C低于对照组,HDL-C高于对照组,且具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,试验组血浆粘度、全血高切粘度、全血低切粘度、全血还原黏度、纤维蛋白原、细胞刚性指数均低于对照组,且具有统计学意义(P0.05)。试验组总有效率为88.0%(44/50),高于对照组的66.0%(33/50)(P0.05)。试验组发生不良反应发生率与对照组比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀片联合血栓通注射液对于脑梗死患者的血脂和血液流变学的影响疗效显著,且具有明显的降脂效果。     

尼莫地平联合丁基苯酞对外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者脑微循环的影响

目的:探究尼莫地平联合丁基苯酞对外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者脑微循环的影响。方法:选取我院外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者36例,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组18例。对照组给予尼莫地平治疗,实验组给予尼莫地平联合丁基苯酞治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后脑微循环的变化情况。结果:实验组总有效率(88.9%)高于对照组(61.1%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与治疗前相比,两组脑血容量(CBV)、脑血流量(CBF)水平均增高,平均通过时间(MTT)水平降低(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组CBV和CBF水平较高,MTT较低(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GOS)评分较高、临床并发症发生率较低、6个月病死率较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:尼莫地平联合丁基苯酞可有效改善外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的脑微循环,提高患者的生存率。     

弥散张量成像对脑室周围白质软化患儿术后脑白质恢复的评估作用

目的:研究弥散张量成像(DTI)对脑室周围白质软化(PVL)患儿选择性脊神经后根切除术(SPR)后脑白质恢复的评估价值。方法:选取从2014年1月至2015年8月在新疆医科大学二附院脑瘫中心择期行SPR手术治疗的PVL患儿40例作为观察组,另选同期磁共振成像(MRI)检查正常儿童40例作为对照组,两组分别在手术前后进行DTI检查,比较两组不同部位的部分各向异性值(FA)及表观弥散系数(ADC)。结果:术前观察组不同部位的FA值均显著低于对照组,胼胝体压部的ADC值显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。与术前比较,术后观察组不同部位的FA值均上升,胼胝体压部的ADC值下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),且与对照组之间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:SPR术能够明显控制PVL患儿的病情,且采用DTI成像技术能够客观地反应PVL患儿SPR术后脑白质恢复情况,对辅助临床治疗和预后评估具有重要作用。     

利多卡因联合尼莫地平预防颅内动脉瘤术后脑血管痉挛的临床疗效观察

目的:比较利多卡因加尼莫地平联合治疗与尼莫地平单药治疗在预防颅内动脉瘤术后脑血管痉挛(CVS)的临床疗效与患者预后评估。方法:选择2012年1月-2015年6月在我院就诊的颅内动脉瘤患者65例,通过显微外科开颅动脉瘤夹闭术后,分成对照组与治疗组。对照组接受常规尼莫地平治疗,治疗组在尼莫地平治疗基础上联合利多卡因治疗,观察比较两组患者在14天内的大脑中动脉血流速度变化,并分析两组患者发生CVS、脑梗死、临床死亡情况及患者预后差异。结果:治疗组的大脑中动脉血流速度在治疗前,治疗后第7天,治疗后第14天分别为133.81±12.35m/s、78.88±5.05m/s、77.28±4.78m/s明显低于对照组的136.02±11.67m/s、96.74±4.25m/s、85.96±7.87m/s,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。治疗组患者最终发生CVS3例,对照组9例,差异有统计学差异(P=0.026)。但在脑梗死例数、死亡例数及最终预后上,未发现明显差异。结论:尼莫地平联合利多卡因治疗预防颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后CVS的临床效果显著优于尼莫地平单药组,可以作为术后预防有效的治疗联合方案。     

血清胱抑素C、血肌酐及血尿素氮对窒息新生儿肾功能损害的临床意义

目的:探讨体外反搏联合言语训练治疗脑性瘫痪并语言发育迟缓儿童的临床疗效。方法:选择2015年12月至2017年12月在上海市儿童医院康复科普通门诊确诊的脑瘫并语言发育迟缓患儿52例,按照随机数字表法将其随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组26例。对照组仅给予言语训练治疗,治疗组给予体外反搏联合言语训练治,以4周1个疗程,两组均治疗3个疗程。治疗前后,采用中国康复研究中心汉语版儿童语言发育评定法s-s法、Gesell发育评分法评价和比较患儿言语发育商和认知发育商的变化。结果:治疗后,两组言语发育商和认知发育商均显著高于治疗前,且治疗组言语发育商和认知发育商均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论:体外反搏联合言语训练较单纯言语训练可更有效改善脑瘫并语言发育迟缓患儿的言语发育和认知发育。     

TAT-BH4 counteracts Abeta toxicity on capillary endothelium

Oxidative stress is one of the factor contributing to blood brain barrier degeneration. This phenomenon is observed during pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease or cerebral amyloid angiopathy in which brain haemorrhages are very frequent. Both diseases are characterized by beta amyloid peptide deposition either in neurons or in vessels. Oxidative stress leads to impairment of mitochondrial functions and apoptotic cell death subsequent to caspases activation. In this paper we demonstrate that BH4 domain of Bcl-xl administrated to endothelial cells as the conjugated form with TAT peptide, reverts Abeta-induced apoptotic cell death by activating a survival programme which is Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase dependent.     

高血糖加重脑缺血损伤机制的研究现状

脑缺血是引起人类死亡的一个重要原因,由于其发病的分子机制十分复杂,各种因子作用相互影响,且多数因子的作用同时存在损伤和保护两种机制,使得脑缺血的研究充满了困难。目前众多研究都证实高血糖对缺血脑组织有损害作用,并可能导致局部或广泛缺血后预后更差。本文依据近几年的实验,重点阐述了五种最新的高血糖加重脑缺血过程和预后损伤的机制假说,包括高血糖通过引起过量谷氨酸释放导致的Ca2^＋大量内流造成损伤、高血糖状态下造成氧化应激从而产生各种自由基对神经元造成损伤、炎症因子相关的损伤、高血糖相关的血液灌流的减少以及高血糖造成脑内酸中毒从而引起损伤。期望这些对机制的探讨能够上加深广大医药研究人员对高血糖加重脑缺血损伤的认识,帮助找到新的药物作用靶点和治疗手段,启发新的研究思路。