海金沙卵发生的组织化学研究

采用组织化学方法对海金沙（Lygodium japonicum （Thunb.） Sw.）卵发生进行了研究。高碘酸-锡夫反应（PAS反应）结果显示：颈沟和腹沟细胞外产生的黏性物质为多糖类物质;在卵细胞发生早期颈卵器细胞内均含有质体,且淀粉粒含量丰富,随着颈卵器的发育,卵细胞以及颈沟和腹沟细胞内淀粉粒数量和体积均逐渐减少,最后退化消失。苏丹黑B反应结果显示：海金沙颈沟和腹沟细胞外产生的黏性物质也含有脂类物质,而卵细胞内并未有明显脂类物质产生;卵细胞质膜处也并没有糖类或脂类物质的积累。本研究从组织化学角度佐证了海金沙的特殊性,即既有原始蕨类的特征,又有进化蕨类的特征。     

日本血吸虫期别差异表达基因文库的构建及分析

为从期别差异表达基因分析入手研究血吸虫的生长发育机制,应用抑制性消减杂交 (suppressed subtractive hybridization , SSH) 技术首次构建了日本血吸虫尾蚴、虫卵和成虫的期别差异表达基因文库 . 经消减效率分析和三种文库克隆的 EST 的期别差异性鉴定,表明所建文库质量较高,为在整个基因组水平分离血吸虫的差异表达基因提供了重要材料 . 由三个文库选择 257 个插入片段大于 500 bp 的克隆测定了 EST 序列 . 同源性分析结果表明 257 个 EST 代表 182 种血吸虫基因,其中有 22 种为血吸虫已知基因,有 128 种为血吸虫已知 EST ,有 32 种为新发现的血吸虫基因 . 对 EST 编码蛋白的功能预测结果显示：尾蚴消减文库的基因多与运动、能量代谢、转录调节及致病性相关;虫卵消减文库的基因可能参与信号转导、细胞粘附、蛋白质和碳水化合物的代谢以及抗氧化反应;成虫消减文库的基因多参与蛋白质的合成、转运及分解代谢,参与虫体的运动等 . 大规模分离、分析血吸虫期别差异表达基因将对从分子水平去解读血吸虫的生长发育机制,筛选高效疫苗候选抗原、药物靶标及诊断制剂有重要意义 .     

长江口棘头梅童鱼食物组成和摄食习性的季节变

棘头梅童鱼是长江口水域的常见小型经济鱼类,具有一定的捕捞价值.为了解长江口棘头梅童鱼食物组成和摄食习性的季节变化,本研究利用胃含物分析法对2013年11月—2014年8月在长江口水域捕获的棘头梅童鱼样本进行了分析.结果表明：长江口棘头梅童鱼全年摄食的饵料生物有8目30种,其中虾类(游泳亚目)是主要饵料生物,相对重要性指数百分比(IRI%)为38.5,优势指数(Ip)为79.1;其次为糠虾目和磷虾目.全年饵料生物中的主要优势种类为葛氏长臂虾、安氏白虾、脊尾白虾、长额刺糠虾、短额刺糠虾、光背节鞭水虱和中华哲水蚤等.饵料生物优势种存在季节差异,春季和夏季的主要优势种均为葛氏长臂虾、安氏白虾和短额刺糠虾,秋季主要优势种为长额刺糠虾、短额刺糠虾和脊尾白虾,冬季主要优势种为葛氏长臂虾、中华哲水蚤和中华假磷虾.长江口棘头梅童鱼全年空胃率为10.4%,冬季最高,秋季最低;全年平均胃饱满系数为0.6%,冬季最低,春季最高,摄食习性存在季节变化.     

伸筋草类药用植物资源的初步研究

本文报道6种商品伸筋草类药用植物的本草考证、理化分析及药理试验。豚鼠离体肠平滑肌实验结果表明:玉柏石松(Lycopodium obscurum L.)和华中石松(L.centro-chinese Ching)的总提取物有较强兴奋作用,其次是扁枝石松(Diphasiastrum complanatum (L.) Holub),再次是垂穗石松(Palhimhaea cernua (L.) Franco et Vase)、石松(Lycopodium japonicum Thunb.)及藤石松(Lycopodiastrum casuarinodes (Spring) Holub)。这与各自的总生物碱含量相吻合。从抗血小板凝聚试验来看。玉柏石松总提取物作用最强,其次是扁枝石松。     

Increase of Bradyrhizobium japonicum numbers in soils and enhanced nodulation of soybean (Glycine max (L) merr.) using granular inoculants amended with nutrients

Abstract: Mineral microgranules, amended with nutrients and inoculated with either peat or liquid Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculants, increased the growth and recovery of the bacterium during laboratory incubation in unsterilized soil. Increases in the range of 1 log unit per g or ml inoculant used were observed in different soil types. B. japonicum showed better survival with nutrient-amended granules than in unamended ones, in soil undergoing desiccation. In a growth chamber experiment, the number of nodules per plant were significantly increased by nutrient-amendment of the granules, but only under suboptimal conditions for nodulation. Nutrient-amended granules significantly enhanced early nodulation of soybean and increased N content of the grain at harvest in four field trials. All these effects were obtained using an average of 10 kg granules amended with 1.14 kg glycerol and 0.16 kg sodium glutamate per hectare. The possible use of nutrient-amended granules to improve efficacy and reliability of microbial inoculation is discussed.     

活血莲的核型分析

对活血莲的染色体数目及核型进行了研究,结果表明;活血莲的染色体数目为2n=60,其核型公式为2n=2x=60=46sm+12st+2m,没有观察到带随体的染色体。     

From discovery to eradication of schistosomiasis in Japan: 1847–1996

Among the areas in Japan where schistesome infections have occurred for many years, three major areas were Katayama District, Kofu Basin and Chikugo River Basin and three minor areas were Numazu District, Tone River Basin and Obitsu River Bank. The presence of the disease had long been recognised in the Katayama Memoir written by Fujii (1847, in the Chinese Classics). The cause of this endemic disease had been studied by many researchers, and finalty a new treamatode, Schistosoma japonicum, was discovered by Katsurada in 1904 [Tokyo Iji Shinski, Vol. 1371, pp. 13–32]. The route of percutaneous infection was proven by Fujinami & Nakamura (1909) [Kyoto Medical Journal, Vol. 6, pp. 224–252] using 17 calves. Miyairi & Suzuki (1913) [Tokyo Iji Shinshi, Vol. 1836, pp. 1961–1965] determined a small snail, Oncomelania nosophora, as being the intermediate best, and clarified the development of the schistosome in the snail. To kill schistosome eggs, human faecal matter (‘night soil’) was stored for 2 weeks or more before using as fertiliser. Control of the parasite used canstic lime and calcium cyanamide to kill eggs, cercariae and Oncomelania snails. Susceptible cows were replaced with horses, which were more resistant to infection as the animal of burden for agriculture. Ditches around the rice fields were comented for destruction of snail habitats. For snail control, sodium pentachlorophenate (NaPCP) was sprayed extensively. Some wetlands were drained and reclaimed and in selected localities, the river bottom was dredged. Such projects were undertaken with government support and aided by community participation. Epidemiological surveys began in 1910, first at Kofu, and infected people were treated with sodium tartar emetic (Stibnal) after 1921. The total number of cases detected in Japan in 1920 was about 8000. This figure was reduced annually down to 438 by 1970. The last human case of new infection found in Japan was at Kofu in 1977. Although snails were cradicated in most areas by 1983, a limited number of uninfected snails remain at Kofu and Obitsu.