尼泊尔蠛蠓新种描述(双翅目 :蠓科)(英文)

本文描述了尼泊尔蠛蠓新种的两性成虫的形态特征 ,以其纤长的口甲齿和宽而尖的雄性阳茎中叶为主要特征。但其口甲齿与发现于马来西亚的细齿蠛蠓 (LasioheleatenuidentisYuandWirth)很相像 ,而该蠓触须无感觉器窝 ,受精囊褐色 ,圆形 ,明显不同。     

The Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) of New Zealand’s subantarctic islands

Abstract

A taxonomic study of midges collected in the subantarctic islands of New Zealand yielded 22 species of Chironomidae and 4 of Ceratopogonidae. Only four of the chironomids occur elsewhere, three on ‘mainland’ New Zealand and one on The Snares islands. Of the 15 species found on the Auckland Islands, 11 on Campbell Island, and 5 on the Antipodes Islands, respectively 9, 4, and 2 are endemic. Nine new species are proposed in existing genera: Parochlus rennelli, P. reductus, P. gressitti, P. brevis, Telmatogeton antipodensis, Eukiefferiella heveli, Cricotopus aucklandensis, Chironomus antipodensis, and C. subantarcticus. Gressittius n.gen. is proposed for Corethra antarctica Hudson (type-species). Semiocladius n.gen. is proposed for Camptocladius crassipennis Skuse, and S. kuscheli n.sp. is described. Eight further new genera are proposed, with the following new species as type-species: Kuschelius dentifer, Mecaorus elongatus, Pterosis wisei, Hevelius carinatus, Gynnidocladius pilulus, Nesiocladius gressitti, Nakataia cisdentifer, and Maryella reducta. Genera Halirytus Eaton and Psamathiomya Deby are synonymised with Telmatogeton Schiner. Gressittius antarcticus (Hudson), Ablabesmyia mala (Hutton), Telmatogeton magellanicus (Jacobs), T. amphibius (Eaton), T. macquariensis (Brundin), Semiocladius crassipennis (Skuse), S. endocladiae (Tokunaga), and Calopsectra funebris (Freeman) are new combinations. Of the ceratopogonids, only one species occurs elsewhere in New Zealand. Three species, only one of them endemic, were found on the Auckland Islands; two were found on Campbell, of which only one is endemic. Forcipomyia kuscheli and Dasyhelea aucklandensis are proposed as new species.     

Diptera vectors of avian Haemosporidian parasites: untangling parasite life cycles and their taxonomy

Haemosporida is a large group of vector-borne intracellular parasites that infect amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. This group includes the different malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.) that infect humans around the world. Our knowledge on the full life cycle of these parasites is most complete for those parasites that infect humans and, to some extent, birds. However, our current knowledge on haemosporidian life cycles is characterized by a paucity of information concerning the vector species responsible for their transmission among vertebrates. Moreover, our taxonomic and systematic knowledge of haemosporidians is far from complete, in particular because of insufficient sampling in wild vertebrates and in tropical regions. Detailed experimental studies to identify avian haemosporidian vectors are uncommon, with only a few published during the last 25 years. As such, little knowledge has accumulated on haemosporidian life cycles during the last three decades, hindering progress in ecology, evolution, and systematic studies of these avian parasites. Nonetheless, recently developed molecular tools have facilitated advances in haemosporidian research. DNA can now be extracted from vectors' blood meals and the vertebrate host identified; if the blood meal is infected by haemosporidians, the parasite's genetic lineage can also be identified. While this molecular tool should help to identify putative vector species, detailed experimental studies on vector competence are still needed. Furthermore, molecular tools have helped to refine our knowledge on Haemosporida taxonomy and systematics. Herein we review studies conducted on Diptera vectors transmitting avian haemosporidians from the late 1800s to the present. We also review work on Haemosporida taxonomy and systematics since the first application of molecular techniques and provide recommendations and suggest future research directions. Because human encroachment on natural environments brings human populations into contact with novel parasite sources, we stress that the best way to avoid emergent and reemergent diseases is through a program encompassing ecological restoration, environmental education, and enhanced understanding of the value of ecosystem services.     

中国裸蠓属—新纪录亚属及其 —新种和—新纪录种 (双翅目：蠓科)

首次报道我国裸蠓属     

甘肃宁夏蠓类二新种描述（双翅目：蠓科）

The present paper deals with two new species of Ceratopogonidae collected from Gansu and Ningxia, China.Leptoconops (Holoconops) conulus Yu et Liu, sp. nov. (fig. 1)The new species is similar to L. (H.) xuthosceles Chathawanich a Delfinado. but differs from the latter chiefly in the shape of apical diletion of paramers and dististyles.Holotype ♂, paratype 5 ♂♂ were collected on 25-26. Ⅴ. 1986, Pingjipu (38°35'N, 106° 18'E), Yinchuan City, Ningxia.Atrlchopogon (Pailokempia) sentus Yu et Qi, sp. nov. (fig. 2)This species is related to A. (P.) nanus Remm and A. (P.) harpogonus Macfie, but in A. (P.) sentus sp. nov. the ventral side of caudal part is provided with 2 pairs wing-like and one pair braid-like process, greatly differing from the resemble species.Holotype 9, 25. Ⅶ. 1986, Kangxian County (33°4'N, 105°5'E) Gansu.All holotype specimens of these 2 new species are deposited in the Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, and paratypes are deposited in the Institute of Military Medical Sciences, Military Distrct of Lanzhow.     

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS CULICOIDES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) FROM XINGJUNG UYGUR AUT. REG. CHINA*

Abstract A new species of Culicoides, C. tahemanensis sp. nov. is described from Xingjiang Uygur Aut. Reg. in China. The new species is closely allied to Culicoides grisescens Edwards, but both of them are distinctly different in pale spots of cell R₅ and cell A of wing of female, and shape of distal portion of aedeagus of male. The ninth tergum of new species is somewhat allied to C. nipponensis Tokunaga, but distinctly different in pale spots of cell R₅, cell M₂ and cell A of wing, and shape of aedeagus of male. The type speciemens are deposited in the Institute of Military Medical Sciences, Shenyang Military District, Shengyang 110034, China.     

中国尼蠓属一新种及一新纪录（双翅目：蠓科）

本文报道１９７８年在四川省岷江流域采获尼螨一新种,即异状尼蠓一新纪录种,日本尼蠓;并分别作了描述和重描述,标本保存于军事医学科学院微生物流行病所医学昆虫标本馆。     

吉林省铗蠓属一新种：双翅目：蠓科

本文记述铗蠓属蠛蠓亚属吸血蠓一种新种,浑江铗蠓Ｆｏｒｃｉｐｏｍｙｉａ（Ｌａｓｉｏｈｅｌｅａｈｕｎｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,描述了成蠓的形态,并与近似种作鉴别比较。     

中国异蠓族一新属（双翅目：蠓科）

本文描述了蠓科异蠓族的湿蠓新属Ｍｅｄｅｏｂｅｚｚｉａ,ｇｅｎ．ｎ．及其模式种孤单湿蠓Ｍｅｄｅｏｂｉｚｚｉａ ｓｉｎｇｕｌａｒｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎ．。模式产地为湖北省武当山麓,收藏于军事医学科学院医学昆虫标本馆。     

Diel activity and preferred landing sites in Culicoides biting midges attacking Fjord horses

In the summer of 2014, in the central part of The Netherlands, Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) attack rates, biting rates, and preferred landing sites were determined for a pair of Fjord horses maintained permanently at pasture in an area devoid of cattle. Eleven body regions of the horses were screened for midges, each region sampled randomly for 5 min using a handheld mouth aspirator (pooter). Observations were confined to the hour immediately before and after sunset. Culicoides spp. were obtained from every body region, of which the four most abundant species – Culicoides chiopterus (Meigen), Culicoides punctatus (Meigen), the species complex Culicoides obsoletus (Meigen), and Culicoides dewulfi Goetghebuer – all were proven or potential vectors for arboviral diseases in livestock. Culicoides spp. activity was distinctly bimodal across the day, surging at sunset and 1 h after sunrise. Midges were inactive between 11:00 and 16:00 hours, these hours marking the time of day when horses can be pastured most safely but, thereafter, to avoid escalating attacks, would have to be stabled protectively. Around sunset, the mean attack rate of the four most abundant species ranged from 3.0 to 11.7 midges per min; of these, C. dewulfi and C. chiopterus were reared out of the dung of experimental horses. The Netherlands is home to the world's densest horse population (11 per km²), of which half are estimated to stay outdoors permanently with no access to protective housing. In the absence of a preventive vaccination policy, it is difficult to envisage how horses in northern Europe will be protected from infection during an outbreak of a Culicoides‐transmitted disease like African horse sickness.