Anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides

The anti-hypertensive effect of Eucommia leaves has been confirmed clinically,^{(a) and (b)} and the study of their anti-obesity properties has advanced.² However, the compounds involved in their anti-obesity effect have not been fully elucidated. In this Letter, we examined the anti-obesity effect of Eucommia green leaf extract (EGLE) divided into five fractions with high porous polystyrene gel and of the compounds isolated, geniposidic acid, asperuloside and chlorogenic acid, respectively. A metabolic syndrome-like clinical model in mice was generated by feeding a 40% high-fat diet to examine the anti-obesity effects of chronic administration of test substance. After 4 weeks, body weight, white adipose tissue weight, plasma triglyceride levels and total cholesterol levels in the model mice were significantly inhibited by the 30% MeOH fraction (containing much higher levels of asperuloside than the other fractions), and these effects were similar to those of EGLE. Chronic administration of isolated asperuloside in Eucommia leaves suppressed increases in model mouse body weight, white adipose tissue weight, plasma triglyceride levels and free fatty acids levels. These results suggest that asperuloside in Eucommia leaves has important anti-obesity effects.     

北细辛超临界萃取物挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

采用超临界流体萃取法(SFE)和水蒸气蒸馏法分别对北细辛根及根茎进行提取分离,分别得5.5%SFE萃取物和2.8%挥发油。应用GC-MS分析,从北细辛SFE萃取物中鉴定出7种化学成分,占萃取物总量的72.70%,其中甲基丁香酚为44.62%;从细辛挥发油中鉴定出19种化学成分,占挥发油总量的88.53%,其中甲基丁香酚为43.02%。两种方法有6种成分完全相同,其中致癌物质黄樟油素SFE法比蒸馏法低2.8倍。北细辛根及根茎超临界萃取物与水蒸汽蒸馏挥发油主要成分相同,但其化学组成存在较大差异,提示药效亦不相同。超临界流体萃取法是剂型改革的有效方法之一。     

利用同工酶酶谱法鉴别侧耳属的种和菌株

本文初步报道酯酶同工酶酶谱对侧耳属各菌株的鉴定与按子实体的形态结构鉴别的结果基本一致;并与菌株间的拮抗反应存在一定的关系。探讨了侧耳属的种或菌株的鉴别方法。     

深层培养云芝菌丝体蛋白多糖的提取及性质

采用水、３％草酸和０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ氢氧化钠为溶剂分别提取深层培养的云芝〔Ｐｏｌｙｓｔｉｃｔｕｓｖｅｒｓｉｃｏｌｏｒ（Ｌ．）Ｆｒ．〕菌丝体蛋白多糖,其得率分别为菌丝体干重的２０％、４９％和１９％。提取的粗多糖经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ１００柱层析进一步分离、纯化,纯化的多糖经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离后呈现一个斑点,在ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ１００柱层析中有一个对称峰,紫外及红外光谱分析和蛋白质含量测定表明该多糖为蛋白多糖,其蛋白质和多糖含量在水提多糖中分别为１３％和６２％、在酸提多糖中分别为５％和９１％。在碱提多糖中分别为３％和８１％。组成该多糖的主要单糖是葡萄糖和木糖。     

Effect of mycorrhiza and nitrate nutrition on nitrate reductase activity in Scots pine seedlings

In vivo nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) activity was measured in seedlings of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) inoculated with Cenococcum geophilum (Sow.) Ferd. & Winge, Paxillus involutus (Batsch:Fr) Fr, Piloderma croceum Erikss, & Hjortst, and Suillus variegatus (Fr.) O. Kuntze. The activity was higher in the mycorrhizal pine roots than was previously found in the fungus symbiont alone, but lower than in the roots of nonmycorrhizal pine seedlings. The differences observed in a previous study between the fungal species under pure culture conditions were not found in the present work for mycorrhiza synthezised with the same fungal species. An increase in the nitrate concentration of the nutrient solution increased the proportion of the nitrate reductase activity in the needles. The mycorrhizal root tips had higher nitrate reductase activity than nonmycorrhizal root tips in the same root system.     

Influence of aluminum on in vitro formation of Pinus caribaea mycorrhizae

The ability of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis to form mycorrhizae was determined in vitro with seven species of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the presence of six levels of Al (added as AlCl₃) in a nutrient solution. The time required for mycorrhizal formation, the number of mycorrhizal root tips and the percent mycorrhizae were measured after 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. Cenococcum graniforme was susceptible to Al toxicity at all Al concentrations. Pisolithus tinctorius and Suillus sp. were depressed at lower but stimulated at higher Al concentrations. The inverse was shown for Rhizopogon reaii and Hebeloma cylindrosporum. Tolerance to Al was verified for R. nigrescens and H. crustuliniforme. Pisolithus tinctorius had the largest mycorrhizal capacity, defined as the sum of the values for time, percent and number of mycorrhizae. Ectomycorrhizal fungi appeared to ameliorate Al damage to plant roots even in treatments where no mycorrhizae formed. Inoculation of pine seedlings with Al-tolerant mycorrhizal fungi is likely to improve reforestation efforts in highly-weathered tropical soils.     

云芝多糖水提物对双歧杆菌刺激增生作用的初步研究

云芝多糖是长白山产担子菌的子实体的醇水提物,主要由β（１→４）主链,（１→６）,（１→３）支链葡聚糖构成。具有免疫调节和辅助抗肿瘤作用。此种分枝葡聚糖在体内有双歧杆菌刺激增生作用,但体外研究较少。本文发现复方和单方云芝在体外对双歧杆菌有显著而稳定的刺激增生效果,且对常见致病菌有抑制作用。     

稀有濒危植物珊瑚菜的染色体特征及其演化地位

首次分析了珊瑚菜（ Ｇｌｅｈｎｉａ ｌｉｔｔｏｒａｌｉｓ） 根尖体细胞染色体组型。其核型公式为２ ｎ ＝ ２２＝ １８Ｍ ＋ ４Ｓｍ （２Ｓａｔ） , 核型不对称性属于２Ａ 型。据此讨论了该属在我国伞形科稀有濒危单型属和当归亚族中的演化地位。     

Fv-4基因杂合子小鼠对Fr.MuLV感染的敏感性差异的分析

目的 :探讨新生和成年的Fv 4基因杂合子小鼠 (BALB/C小鼠×G小鼠 )对Friend小鼠白血病病毒 (Fr.MuLV)感染的敏感性差异及其与小鼠淋巴细胞表面Fv 4基因产物的表达量的关系。方法 :经腹腔接种Fr.MuLV分别感染新生和成年的杂合子小鼠 ,观察小鼠对Fr.MuLV感染的敏感性差异 ;并用间接免疫荧光标记 FACS测定法 ,分别对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞表面的Fv 4基因产物进行定量检测与分析。结果 :接种病毒后 ,新生杂合子小鼠可被病毒感染并出现脾脏肿大等症状 ,而成年杂合子小鼠则不发病 ;但是 ,在新生和成年的杂合子小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞表面均可以检测出Fv 4基因产物 ,其表达量基本相同。结论 :新生和成年的Fv 4基因杂合子小鼠对Friend小鼠白血病病毒感染的敏感性不同 ,但该敏感性差异与小鼠细胞表面Fv 4基因产物的表达量无关。提示Fv 4基因杂合子的抗Fr.MuLV感染可能还有其他机制或因素的参与。     

Genetic Transformation of Tobacco with the Trehalose Synthase Gene from Grifola frondosa Fr. Enhances the Resistance to Drought and Salt in Tobacco

Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide of glucose that functions as a protectant in the stabilization of biological structures and enhances the tolerance of organisms to abiotic stress. In the present study, we report on the expression of the Grifolafrondosa Fr. trehalose synthase (TSase) gene for manipulating abiotic stress tolerance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.). The expression of the transgene was under the control of two tandem copies of the CaMV35S promoter and was transferred into tobacco by Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105. Compared with non-transgenic plants, transgenic plants were able to accumulate high levels of products of trehalose, which were increased up to 2.126-2.556 mg/g FW, although levels were undetectable in non-transgenic plants. This level of trehalose in transgenic plants was 400-fold higher than that of transgenic tobacco plants cotransformed with Escherichia coli TPS and TPP on independent expression cassettes, twofold higher than that of transgenic rice plants transformed with a bifunctional fusion gene (TPSP) of the trehalose-6-phosphate (T-6-P) synthase (TPS) and T-6-P phosphatase (TPP) of E. coli, and 12-fold higher than that of transgenic tobacco plants transformed the yeast TPS1 gene.It has been reported that transgenic plants with E. coli TPS and/or TPP were severely stunted and had morphological alterations of their roots. Interestingly, our transgenic plants have obvious morphological changes, including thick and deep-coloured leaves, but show no growth inhibition; moreover, these morphological changes can restore to normal type in T2 progenies. Trehalose accumulation in 35S-35S:TSase plants resulted in increased tolerance to drought and salt, as shown by the results of tests on drought, salt tolerance, and drought physiological indices, such as water content in excised leaves, malondialdehyde content, chlorophyll a and b contents, and the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in excised leaves. These results suggest that transgenic plants transformed with the TSase gene can accumulate high levels of trehalose and have enhanced tolerance to drought and salt.