一株龙葵内生细菌SDE06去除Cd2+的实验

植物内生菌广泛存在于各种植物中, 对宿主的生命活动产生了各种影响。本研究通过对重金属镉(Cd)超累积植物龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)内生菌优势种进行分离纯化, 并用含Cd2+培养基初步筛选, 得到7株有抗性的菌株, 分别命名为SDE01-07,其中SDE06在Cd2+浓度为80 mg/L的条件下仍能生长。经鉴定此株菌属芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)。对SDE06在不同条件下去除Cd2+的情况进行研究, 结果表明：正交实验得最佳实验条件为培养时间36 h, pH 6.0, 温度37°C     

Zinc effects on cadmium accumulation and partitioning in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat that differ in grain cadmium concentration

Here, we examined the effectiveness of two approaches for reducing cadmium (Cd) accumulation in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) grain: the application of supplemental zinc (Zn), and the use of cultivars exhibiting reduced grain Cd concentrations. Two durum wheat near-isogenic lines (NIL) that differ in grain Cd accumulation were grown to maturity in solution culture containing a chelating agent to buffer the free activities of Zn and Cd at levels approximating those of field conditions. The low Cd accumulating (L-Cd) isoline had Cd concentrations, in grains and shoot parts, which were 60-70% lower than those of the high Cd accumulating (H-Cd) isoline. Increasing the Zn activities in the nutrient solution from deficient to sufficient levels reduced the concentration of Cd in grains and vegetative shoot parts of both isolines. The results suggest that supplemental Zn reduces Cd tissue concentrations by inhibiting Cd uptake into roots. Cd partitioning patterns between roots and shoots and between spike components suggest that the physiological basis for the low Cd trait is related to the compartmentation or symplasmic translocation of Cd.     

Influence of cadmium on the distribution of the essential trace elements zinc and copper in the liver and kidneys of rats

Cd induced changes of Zn and Cd distribution in the liver and kidneys were studied in relation to Cd metallothionein (MT) synthesis. Wistar male rats were given CdCl₂ by sc injection of .8, 1.5, and 3.0 mg Cd/kg three times a week for three weeks. Cd levels of liver and kidneys increased with the increment of Cd dosage and 80–90% of Cd was found in the cytosol. The MT fractions contained 80–89% cytosolic Cd in the liver and 55–75% Cd in the kidneys. Zn concentrations in the liver increased following Cd administration, But Zn in the kidneys showed only slight increase. There was a distinct decrease of Cu concentration in the liver of the 3.0 mg group. In contrast, Cu concentrations in the kidneys increased about three times in the .8 and 1.5 mg Cd groups, but Cu in the 3.0 mg group showed only 1.5 times increase. The changes of these metal concentrations were observed mainly in the cytosol. Non-MT-Cd in the kidneys was maximum in the 1.5 mg group, but the 3.0 mg group showed significant decrease. In parallel with this decrease of Cd, Cu and Zn in the kidneys showed similar decrease. When the kidneys are injured, Zn and Cu appear to leak from this organ.     

Cd-Cu复合胁迫对黄菖蒲叶片及根系中Cd和Cu的积累及其迁移率的影响

采用水培法研究了Cd-Cu复合胁迫(5 mg·L-1Cd-10 mg·L-1Cu;5 mg-L-1Cd-20 mg·L-1Cu;25 mg·L-1 Cd-10 mg·L-1Cu;25 mg·L-1Cd-20 mg·L-1Cu)条件下黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus L.)叶片和根系对Cd和Cu的积累作用及黄菖蒲体内Cd和Cu迁移率的变化规律.结果表明,在50 d的胁迫期内,黄菖蒲叶片和根系中的Cd和Cu含量分别随培养液中Cd和Cu浓度的提高而增加,并随胁迫处理时间的延长基本呈增加的趋势,在胁迫末期明显提高.在不同浓度Cd-Cu复合胁迫条件下,黄菖蒲根系中的Cd和Cu积累量明显高于叶片.在Cd浓度不变的条件下,黄菖蒲叶片和根系中的Cd含量随培养液中Cu浓度的提高而增加;在Cu浓度不变的条件下,黄菖蒲叶片中Cu含量随培养液中Cd浓度的提高而降低.在不同胁迫时间,黄菖蒲植株对Cd的迁移率不同,但培养液中Cd的浓度较高,黄菖蒲植株对Cd的迁移率也较高;黄菖蒲植株对Cu的迁移率随胁迫时间的延长基本上呈上升趋势.研究结果显示,在Cd-Cu复合胁迫条件下,Cu对黄菖蒲体内Cd的吸收具有一定的协同吸收作用,而Cd对Cu的吸收则有一定的拈抗作用.     

植被恢复对退化红壤表层土壤颗粒中有机碳和Pb、Cd分布的影响

采用原状土壤水稳性团聚体分离方法提取不同粒径的土壤颗粒,测定其有机碳及重金属元素Pb、Cd的含量,研究了退化红壤在植被恢复下表层(0～10cm和10～20cm)土壤颗粒中有机碳与重金属分布及其关系.这些土壤颗粒中有机碳和重金属元素Pb、Cd的含量范围分别介于7.5～15g/kg,11～20mg/kg和20～70μg/kg,且粒组间有显著差异.尽管所测组分的含量以＜0.002mm粒组中最高,但2～0.25mm的粒组占其总量的50%左右,其次约20%存在于0.25～0.02mm粒组中.以土壤粒组中分量而言,有机碳和所测的重金属元素间有密切的依存关系.与荒地相比,植被恢复措施降低了各土层2～0.25mm粒组中Pb的含量和分量,但提高了0～10cm土层Cd的含量和分量.在所研究的几种处理中,玉米-包菜处理显著地促进了有机碳和重金属在各颗粒粒组中的均衡分布.因此,退化红壤植被恢复措施改变了上壤颗粒中有机碳和重金属的分布,因而可能影响着土壤环境中有机碳和重金属的形态及其活性.对于这些措施下土壤环境中有机碳和重金属的生物有效性机制尚需进一步研究.     

Cadmium and zinc influx characteristics by intact corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings

Summary Cadmium and zinc uptake parameters were determined for intact corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings grown for 15 and 22 in nutrient solutions containing levels of Cd and Zn that were similar to those found in soil solutions. Uptake of both elements was assumed to follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Calculations were based on the concentrations of free ionic Cd (Cd²⁺) and Zn (Zn²⁺) rather than the total solution concentration. Rates of Zn uptake were measured by determining depletion of Zn for periods of up to 30 h from solutions containing initial concentrations of 1.5 and 10μmol Zn 1⁻¹. Depletion curves suggested that Zn uptake characteristics were similar at both levels of Zn in solution. The Imax for Zn uptake decreased from 550 to 400 pmol m⁻² root surface s⁻¹ between 16 and 22 d of growth while Km decreased from 2.2 to 1.5 μmol Zn²⁺ 1⁻¹. Cadmium uptake parameters were measured by controlling Cd²⁺ activities in nutrient solution betwen 6.3 to 164 nmol l⁻¹ by continuous circulation of nutrient solution through a mixed-resin system. Imax for Cd uptake was 400 pmol m⁻² root surface s⁻¹ at 15 and 22 d of growth. The magnitude of Km increased from 30 to 100 nmol Cd²⁺ 1⁻¹ during this time period. The Km value suggests that corn is efficient for Cd uptake. The results of these uptake studies are consistent with the observed uptake of Zn and Cd by corn seedlings in soils.     

紫色土外源锌、镉形态的生物有效性

通过对7种形态Zn,Cd与有效态Zn,Cd(DTPA提取）的相关分析及各形态Zn,Cd与植株Zn,Cd含量的通径分析,评价各形态Zn,Cd的生物有效性及对植株的相对贡献和途径。结果表明,交换态Zn,Cd与有效态Zn,Cd呈极显著正相关（r=0.954,0.953),交换态Zn,Cd与植株Zn,Cd含量的通径系数为1．267、1．168,交换态Zn,Cd有效性高,具有最大的生物活性,对植株Zn,Cd含量的贡献最大。其它形态如碳酸盐结合态锌、氧化锰结合态Zn、Cd通过交换态作用于植株的通径链系数（间接通径系数）分别为0．856、0．592、0．723,上述形态对植株Zn,Cd含量也有影响,具有一定的生物相对有效性,但通过交换态间接作用。交换态不仅自身具有最大的生物有效性,而且还作为其它形态Zn,Cd生物有效性的中介,为紫色土其它Zn,Cd库流向植株的主要通道。     

过表达白鳍鲨硒结合蛋白1对HL-7702细胞镉胁迫的解毒作用

硒结合蛋白1（Selenium—binding protein 1,SBP1）与肿瘤相关,并可以与重金属镉直接结合。该研究构建了白鳍鲨SBP1重组质粒Myc-SBP1并转染人HL-702细胞,利用CCK-8和CFDASE检测Cd胁迫下的细胞增殖情况,利用流式细胞仪检测细胞内ROS的水平。结果显示,过表达白鳍鲨sBP1可拮抗cd对HL-7702细胞的毒害作用。在100μmol／L的CdCl2应激下,表达SBP1组存活率为76．4％。约为对照组存活率的2倍,实验组的细胞增殖指教和分裂能力也略高于对照组。一级结构分析表明,白鳍鲨SBP1具有两个CXXC区域,为抗氧化位点,具有2个HxD和3个HXXH保守区域,它们为推测的Cd结合位点,为在HL-7702细胞中表达白鳍鲨SBP1蛋白能拮抗Cd的结构基础。此外,ROS检测实验表明白鳍鲨SBP1蛋白能显著降低胞内ROS水平,提示硒结合蛋白除通过直接与Cd结合降低毒性外,降低重金属引起的氧化胁迫也可能发挥一定解毒作用。     

Mechanism of Cd2+ resistance in Euglena gracilis

The characteristics of Cd²⁺ accumulation by Euglena gracilis L. strain Z have been studied using sensitive and resistant cells. In both strains Cd²⁺ is mainly absorbed by a temperature- and light-dependent process. Resistance to Cd²⁺ is associated with a lower accumulation of Cd²⁺ and with a decreased affinity for Cd²⁺. Gel filtration on Sephadex G75 of the soluble fraction shows that resistance is not linked to an induction of metallothioneins.     

Quantitative measurement of small through-hydrogen-bond and ‘through-space’1H-113Cd and1H-199Hg J couplings in metal-substituted rubredoxin fromPyrococcus furiosus

Summary A method is described for measurement of small unresolvable heteronuclear J couplings. The method is based on quantitative analysis of a phase-purged heteronuclear spin-echo difference spectrum, and is demonstrated for measuring¹H-¹¹³Cd and¹H-¹⁹⁹Hg J couplings in metal-substituted rubredoxin (M_r 5.4 kDa) fromPyrococcus furiosus. Couplings from cadmium to backbone amide protons that are hydrogen bonded to the Cys-S atoms directly bonded to Cd vary from smaller than 0.3 to 1.8 Hz; a through-space coupling between Cd and the protons of an alanine methyl group was measured to be 0.3 Hz. Couplings to¹⁹⁹Hg are significantly larger and fall in the 0.4–4 Hz range.