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81.
Indrioi Benediktsson Claudia P. Spampinato Carlos S. Andreo Otto Schieder 《Physiologia plantarum》1994,90(3):445-450
Clastogenic agents, i.e. agents that can induce chromosome or DNA breakage, have been shown to enhance the rale of direct gene transfer to protoplasts. The effect was analysed at the enzymatic level using protoplast homogenates as well as intact protoplasts. For that purpose existing procedures were modified to enable measurement of DNA polymerase in vivo. In the system used, external DNA was able to enter the cells without the addition of membrane-permeabilizing compounds. When comparing total DNA polymerase activity of protoplasts irradiated with X-rays or UV-light with that of untreated cells we did not observe significant differences. Incubation of protoplasts with high doses of bleomycin affected total DNA polymerase activity negatively. but dideoxythymidine triphosphate-sensitive activity was not influenced. We conclude that the DNA strand-breaks induced by low doses of X-rays. UV-light or bleomycin do not increase the total or the repair-DNA polymerase activity and. therefore. that the increase in the transformation rates after DNA strand-breaking is not preceded by enhanced DNA polymerase activity. 相似文献
82.
The impact of hybrids between genetically modified crop plants and their related species: biological models and theoretical perspectives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. GLIDDON 《Molecular ecology》1994,3(1):41-44
Forces affecting the rate of spread and increase of hybrids between genetically modified crop plants and their related species remain qualitatively similar, irrespective of whether genetic modification was achieved using traditional methods, those of biotechnology or as a result of the natural evolutionary process. However, the precise magnitude of the forces and, consequently, the likely environmental impact of such hybrids, may depend strongly on the nature of the gene or genes introduced into the native species. While many classes of transgenes are similar to those manipulated by conventional breeding techniques or evolution, biotechnology offers the potential to introduce genes into crops which are novel both from the point of view of function and origin. The qualitative similarity between transgenes and the products of conventional or evolutionary modification suggests that a historical view of the environmental impact of hybrids between traditionally produced crops or exotic species and their relatives would be of use in estimating the probable fate of hybrids containing transgenes in the environment. However, with certain classes of transgenes for which there are no existing analogues, there will need to be greater care in assessing the possible risks associated with release into the environment. 相似文献
83.
The nusG gene of Streptomyces griseus: Cloning of the gene and analysis of the A-factor binding properties of the gene product 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract The nusG gene of Streptomyces griseus was cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. It encodes a protein with an identify of 76% to the reported receptor (VbrA) for VB-C, an autoregulatory factor in Streptomyces virginae . NusG protein was expressed in Escherichia coli . However, no binding activity for A-factor, an butyrolactone autoregulator in S. griseus very similar to VB-C, could be detected. The nusG gene of S. griseus does not seem to encode the A-factor-binding protein. 相似文献
84.
85.
L. Marchais 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1994,189(3-4):233-245
Morphometric and isozymic analyses of adjacent cultivated and spontaneous populations of pearl millet in Niger revealed in the field a unique continuous distribution of phenotypes ranging from the most cultivated one to a typical cultivated × wild hybrid. The natural population was subdivided into a major wild group and a hybrid wild × cultivated group. Cultivated millet displayed an equilibrium state between recombined domesticated and wild genes. The natural population, in spite of a high rate of immigration by pollen from cultivated plants, retained its structure by apparently reproducing itself exclusively from the major wild group. 相似文献
86.
PrP accumulation in the brains of mice infected with scrapie takes several different forms: amyloid plaques, widespread accumulation
in neuropile, and perineuronal deposits. PrP is also sometimes detected within microglia and in or around astrocytes. There
are dramatic and reproducible differences between scrapie strains in the relative prominence of these changes and their distribution
in the brain. Depending on the scrapie strain, PrP pathology is targeted precisely to particular brain areas, often showing
a clear association with identifiable groups of neurons. These results suggest that PrP changes are primarily associated with
neurons, and that different scrapie strains recognize and selectively replicate in different populations of neurons. Immunostaining
at the ultrastructural level demonstrates an association of PrP with neurite plasmalemma, around amyloid plaques, and in areas
of widespread neuropile and perineuronal accumulation. It is probable that PrP is encoded by theSinc gene, which controls the incubation period of scrapie in mice. Studies using the intraocular infection route show that theSinc gene controls the onset rather than the rate of replication, suggesting that PrP may be involved in cell-to-cell spread of
infection. The accumulation of PrP at the surface of neurons is consistent with such a role. 相似文献
87.
Transformation of the nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial genomes can now be accomplished inChlamydomonas reinhardtii. Many biosynthetic pathways are carried out in the chloroplast, and efforts to manipulate these pathways will require that gene products be directed to this compartment. Chloroplast proteins are encoded in either the chloroplast or nuclear genome. In the latter case they are synthesized in the cytoplasm and imported post-translationally into the chloroplast. Thus, strategies for expressing foreign genes or overexpressing endogenous genes whose products reside in the chloroplast could involve either genome. This paper reviews the present status of transformation methodology for the nuclear and chloroplast genomes inChlamydomonas. Considerations for expressing gene products in the chloroplast are discussed. Experimental evidence for homologous recombination during transformation of the nuclear genome is presented. 相似文献
88.
Abstract Androdioecy (the presence of males and hermaphrodites in a breeding population) is a rare reproductive system in plants, with Datisca glomerata (Datiscaceae) representing the only well-documented example. Recent reports of high outcrossing rates, inbreeding depression, and high male pollen production satisfy theoretical predictions for the continued maintenance of androdioecy in populations of this species. However, in prior studies pollen production was measured indirectly in terms of numbers of anthers per flower—based on the assumption that male and hermaphroditic plant have equal numbers of flowers and that anthers from the two sexual morphs produce equivalent amounts of pollen. Herein, we demonstrate that male and hermaphrodite plants do not differ significantly in terms of flower number, but that pollen production in anthers from hermaphroditic plants is 12.6% higher than in anthers from male plants, thus refining the estimate of relative pollen fecundity of male versus hermaphrodite plants. The differential lowers the frequency of males predicted by theory, but is still consistent with the maintenance of androdioecy in this species. 相似文献
89.
90.
In this paper we discuss and demonstrate the importance of several factors relative to the relationship between time and evolution
of biosequences. In both quantitative and qualitative measurements of the genetic distances, the compositional constraints
of the nucleotide sequences play a very important role. We demonstrate that when homologous sequences significantly differ
in base composition we get erratic branching order and/or wrong evaluation of the evolutionary rates.
We must consider that every gene may have a different evolutionary dynamic along its sequence, generally linked to its functional
constraints; this too can seriously affect its clocklike behavior. We report some cases showing how these factors can affect
the quantitative measurements of the genetic distances of biosequences.
Presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop onGenome Organization and Evolution, Spetsai, Greece, 16–22 September 1992 相似文献