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101.
糖及其衍生物在许多初级或次级代谢过程中发挥着重要作用。糖结构与功能的多样性和糖在疾病诊断与治疗中的重要性推动了糖生物学的快速发展。D型糖,尤其是D-六碳糖在糖中占据着主导地位,L-六碳糖也是许多重要糖蛋白复合物、多糖及抗生素的组成成分。了解L-六碳糖的形成机制有助于理性改造糖的结构并开发其应用价值。L-六碳糖通常由3,5位差向异构酶或5位差向异构酶催化D-六碳糖的C5位异构化形成,这种转变赋予了糖在构型上的多样性,并在许多天然产物中起决定生物活性的作用。对3,5位差向异构酶和5位差向异构酶的功能及晶体结构的研究揭示了L-六碳糖的形成机制。本文综述了L-六碳糖形成过程中不同类型的3,5-位差向异构酶和5-位差向异构酶的催化机制,揭示L-六碳糖在生理和医药领域的重要意义。 相似文献
102.
化学突变具有底物结合部位的单克隆抗体制备含硒抗体酶 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
开发了一种制备抗体酶的新方法。用二硝基氯苯(DNCB)专一地与谷胱甘肽(GSH)的巯基反应,合成出半抗原GSH-S-DNP。用戊二醛将半抗原偶联到牛血清白蛋白(BSA)上,制成全抗原。再用标准的单抗制备法获得具有GSH结合部位的单抗(4A4IgG)。用苯甲基磺酞氟(PMSF)和H2Se相继处理该单抗,则将单拉结合部位上的丝氨酸(Ser)突变成硒代半胱氨酸(SeCys,因而在单抗结合部位上引入了谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)的催化基团。突变后的单抗具有GPX活性,其活力已达到天然GPX的数量级水平。动力学行为也与天然GPX类似。这种新的含硒抗体酶有优于GPX的一些特点。 相似文献
103.
In-situ upgrading of biomass pyrolysis vapors: catalyst screening on a fixed bed reactor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stefanidis SD Kalogiannis KG Iliopoulou EF Lappas AA Pilavachi PA 《Bioresource technology》2011,102(17):8261-8267
In-situ catalytic upgrading of biomass fast pyrolysis vapors was performed in a fixed bed bench-scale reactor at 500 °C, for catalyst screening purposes. The catalytic materials tested include a commercial equilibrium FCC catalyst (E-cat), various commercial ZSM-5 formulations, magnesium oxide and alumina materials with varying specific surface areas, nickel monoxide, zirconia/titania, tetragonal zirconia, titania and silica alumina. The bio-oil was characterized measuring its water content, the carbon-hydrogen-oxygen (by difference) content and the chemical composition of its organic fraction. Each catalytic material displayed different catalytic effects. High surface area alumina catalysts displayed the highest selectivity towards hydrocarbons, yielding however low organic liquid products. Zirconia/titania exhibited good selectivity towards desired compounds, yielding higher organic liquid product than the alumina catalysts. The ZSM-5 formulation with the highest surface area displayed the most balanced performance having a moderate selectivity towards hydrocarbons, reducing undesirable compounds and producing organic liquid products at acceptable yields. 相似文献
104.
Ekkehard Lindner Stefan BruggerStefan Steinbrecher Erich PliesMichael Seiler Helmut BertagnolliPeter Wegner Hermann A Mayer 《Inorganica chimica acta》2002,327(1):54-65
A novel T-silyl functionalized cationic (COD)(dppp)rhodium(I) complex was sol-gel processed with various amounts of the co-condensing agents MeSi(OMe)2(CH2)6(OMe)2SiMe and MeSi(OMe)2(CH2)3(C6H4)(CH2)3(OMe)2SiMe to give novel stationary phases for ‘Chemistry in Interphases’. The polysiloxane matrices and the integrity of the rhodium(I) complex centers were investigated by means of multinuclear solid-state NMR (13C, 29Si, 31P) and EXAFS spectroscopies. Dynamic NMR measurements show an increasing mobility of the matrix and the reactive centers with a higher amount of the co-condensing component. The accessibility of the anchored rhodium(I) centers was scrutinized by the metal catalyzed hydrogenation of 1-hexene. All applied xerogels show remarkable activities and selectivities. An enhancement of the activities is achieved when polar solvents are used. SEM micrographs reveal the morphology of the hybrid materials and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) suggests that the distribution of the elements is in satisfying agreement with the applied composition. 相似文献
105.
《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2013,32(6-7):1053-1056
DNA‐hydrolyzing antibodies (DNA‐abzymes, Abz) were shown to be good biochemical markers of some autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS). To better understand mechanisms of abzyme generation, one needs to know optimal conditions for DNA hydrolysis by DNA‐abzymes, as well as their enzymatic properties in comparison with those of enzymes possessing the same activity. In contrast to human urine deoxyribonucleases, DNA‐hydrolyzing antibodies efficiently digested both single‐ and double‐strand DNA. It was shown that polyclonal antibodies (Abs) in MS may contain up to several types of DNase activities, either activated by metal ions or not. 相似文献
106.
We have analysed a non-redundant set of 294 enzymes for differences in sequence and structural features between the six main Enzyme Commission (EC) classification groups. This systematic study of enzymes, and their active sites in particular, aims to increase understanding of how the structure of an enzyme relates to its functional role. Many features showed significant differences between the EC classes, including active-site polarity, enzyme size and active-site amino acid propensities. Many attributes correlate with each other to form clusters of related features from which we chose representative features for further analysis. Oxidoreductases have more non-polar active sites, which can be attributed to cofactor binding and a preference for Glu over Asp in active sites in comparison to the other classes. Lyases form a significantly higher proportion of oligomers than any other class, whilst the hydrolases form the largest proportion of monomers. These features were then used in a prediction model that classified each enzyme into its top EC class with an accuracy of 33.1%, which is an increase of 16.4% over random classification. Understanding the link between structure and function is critical to improving enzyme design and the prediction of protein function from structure without transfer of annotation from alignments. 相似文献
107.
Yi-Jun Li Feng-Xin Yin Xin-Ke Zhang Jie Yu Shuang Zheng Xin-Lei Song Feng-Shan Wang Ju-Zheng Sheng 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2018,1862(3):547-556
Background
The final structure of heparan sulfate chains is strictly regulated in vivo, though the biosynthesis is not guided by a template process. N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (NDST) is the first modification enzyme in the HS biosynthetic pathway. The N-sulfo groups introduced by NDST are reportedly involved in determination of the susceptibility to subsequent processes catalyzed by C5-epimerse and 3-O-sulfotransferases. Understanding the substrate specificities of the four human NDST isoforms has become central to uncovering the regulatory mechanism of HS biosynthesis.Methods
Highly-purified recombinant NDST-4 (rNDST-4) and a selective library of structurally-defined oligosaccharides were employed to determine the substrate specificity of rNDST-4.Results
Full-length rNDST-4 lacks obvious N-deacetylase activity, and displays only N-sulfotransferase activity. Unlike NDST-1, NDST-4 did not show directional N-sulfotransferase activity while the N-deacetylase domain was inactive.Conclusion and general significance
Individual NDST-4 could not effectively assume the key role in the distribution of N-S domains and N-Ac domains in HS biosynthesis in vivo. 相似文献108.
C. Pitchumani Violet Mary R. Shankar 《Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics》2018,36(3):634-655
Computational studies on the interaction of novel inhibitor compounds with the Cathepsin K protease have been performed to study the inhibition properties of the inhibitor compounds. The quantum chemical calculations have been performed to analyze the molecular geometries, structural stability, reactivity, nature of interaction, and the charge transfer properties using B3LYP level of theory by implementing 6-311g(d,p) basis set. The calculated C–S and N–H…N bond lengths of the inhibitor-triad complexes are found to agree well with the previous literature results. The chemical reactivity of the inhibitors and catalytic triad are analyzed through frontier molecular orbital analysis and found that the inhibitors are subjected to nucleophilic attack by the catalytic triad. The nature of inhibition of the inhibitor compounds is examined using the quantum theory of Atoms in Molecules analysis and found to be partially covalent. The NBO stabilization energy for the Cys – inhibitor are found to be most stable than the other interactions. The molecular dynamic simulations were performed to study the influence of dynamic of the active site on the QM results. The many body decomposition interaction energy calculated for the final results of MD simulation reveals that the dynamic of the active site induces significant changes in the interaction energy and occupancy of H-bonds plays a major role in the stabilizing the active site inhibitor interactions. The present study reveals that the inhibitor compounds can inhibit the proteolytic activity of the proteases on binding with the catalytic active site. 相似文献
109.
Low-dose automated tomography has been implemented on a 400-kV JEOL intermediate voltage electron microscope. Instrumentation and procedures for automatic tomographic series data collection are described. Difficulties encountered and ways to overcome them are discussed. A low-dose tomographic projection series of a triad junction of frog sartorius muscle was semiautomatically collected and a 3-D reconstruction of this organelle was made. 相似文献
110.
作者将获得的抗3株金属螯合四肽单克隆抗体的轻,重链可变区基因,通过linker连接成单链基因,并在其后插入编码CGRP的N端前十三肽的39bp基因片段,组成Lv-linker-Hv-CGRP,将该基因克隆入分泌表达载体pTC01中,获得实物。 相似文献