全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2105篇 |
免费 | 124篇 |
国内免费 | 75篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 20篇 |
2022年 | 34篇 |
2021年 | 42篇 |
2020年 | 51篇 |
2019年 | 58篇 |
2018年 | 65篇 |
2017年 | 30篇 |
2016年 | 41篇 |
2015年 | 59篇 |
2014年 | 83篇 |
2013年 | 123篇 |
2012年 | 72篇 |
2011年 | 75篇 |
2010年 | 65篇 |
2009年 | 89篇 |
2008年 | 97篇 |
2007年 | 100篇 |
2006年 | 100篇 |
2005年 | 88篇 |
2004年 | 91篇 |
2003年 | 86篇 |
2002年 | 63篇 |
2001年 | 45篇 |
2000年 | 46篇 |
1999年 | 39篇 |
1998年 | 51篇 |
1997年 | 35篇 |
1996年 | 39篇 |
1995年 | 27篇 |
1994年 | 49篇 |
1993年 | 32篇 |
1992年 | 39篇 |
1991年 | 40篇 |
1990年 | 25篇 |
1989年 | 37篇 |
1988年 | 38篇 |
1987年 | 22篇 |
1986年 | 30篇 |
1985年 | 34篇 |
1984年 | 27篇 |
1983年 | 30篇 |
1982年 | 25篇 |
1981年 | 24篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2304条查询结果,搜索用时 513 毫秒
101.
The present study contributes to the problem of the dynamic structure of mitochondrial F1-ATPase and the functional interrelation of so-called tight nucleotide binding sites. Nucleotide analogs are used as a tool to differentiate two distinct functional states of the membrane-bound enzyme, proposed to reflect corresponding conformational states; they reveal F1-ATPase as a dual-state enzyme: ATP-synthetase, and ATP-hydrolase. The analogs used are 3-naphthoyl esters of AD(T)P, and 2(3)-O-trinitrophenyl ethers of AD(T)P. Both types of analogs act inversely to each other with respect to their relative effects on oxidative phosphorylation and on ATPase in submitochondrial vesicles. The respective ratios ofK
i versus both processes are 250/1 compared to 1/170. It is also shown that in the presence of the inhibitory 3-esters oxidative phosphorylation deviates from linear kinetics and that these inhibitors induce a lag time of oxidative phosphorylation depending on the initial pattern of nucleotides available to energized submitochondrial vesicles. The duration of the lag time coincides with the time course of displacement of the analog from a tight binding site. The conclusions of the study are: (a) the catalytic sites of F1-ATP-synthetase are not operating independently from each other; they rather interact in a cooperative manner; (b) F1-ATPase as a dual-state enzyme exhibits highly selective responses to tight binding of nucleotides or analogs in its energized (membrane-bound) state versus its nonenergized state, respectively.Abbreviations used: N-AD(T)P, 3-O-naphthoyl(1)-AD(T)P; DMAN-AD(T)P, 3-O-(5-dimethylaminonaphthoyl(1))-AD(T)P, also termed F-AD(T)P in previous papers because of its fluorescence; TNP-AD(T)P, 2(3)-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-AD(T)P; FCCP,p-trifluoromethoxycarbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone. 相似文献
102.
Antibodies against purified ( from the rectal gland of Squalus acanthias, as well as against its catalytic subunit, inhibited ouabain binding by as much as 50%. However, antibodies against the glycoprotein subunit did not inhibit ouabain binding. These data suggest that binding of antibody against the catalytic subunit to the enzyme either covers the ouabain binding site or destroys its conformation, while binding of antibody against the glycoprotein has no such effect. 相似文献
103.
Dr. Wanderley de Souza Marlene Benchimol Cecilia Somlo Raul Dodsworth Machado Aida Hasson-Voloch 《Cell and tissue research》1979,202(2):275-281
Summary Membranes were isolated from the main electric organ of Electrophorus electricus and studied by means of cytochemistry and freezefracture. The membrane fractions consisted of vesicles inside-in as determined by localization of anionic sites using colloidal iron and cationized ferritin particles. The anionic sites were not homogeneously distributed on the surface of the vesicle. Freeze-fracture showed the presence of intramembranous particles associated with either protoplasmic (P) or extracellular (E) faces of the membrane. Regions of the membrane without particles were observed. The results are discussed in relation to the existence of association between intramembranous particles and membrane receptors.For all correspondence 相似文献
104.
Bornali Chakrabarti Hridoy R Bairagya Deepak Kr Mishra Pradip Kumar Chatterjee Bishnu P Mukhopadhyay 《Bioinformation》2013,9(3):126-133
Human matrix metalloproteinase-8 (hMMP-8) plays a important role in the progression of colorectal cancer, metastasis, multiple
sclerosis and rheumetoid arthritis. Extensive MD-simulation of the PDB and solvated structures of hMMP-8 has revealed the
presence of few conserved water molecules around the catalytic and structural zinc (ZnC and ZnS) ions. The coordination of two
conserved water molecules (W and WS) to ZnS and the H-bonding interaction of WS to S151 have indicated the plausible involvement
of that metal ion in the catalytic process. Beside this the coupling of ZnC and ZnS metal ions (ZnC – WH (W1)…..W2 ….H162 - ZnS)
through two conserved hydrophilic centers (occupied by water molecules) may also provide some rational on the recognition of
two zinc ions which were separated by ~13 Å in their X-ray structures. This unique recognition of both the Zn+2 ions in the enzyme
through conserved water molecules may be implemented/ exploited for the design of antiproteolytic agent using water mimic
drug design protocol. 相似文献
105.
Ron Aiken 《Hydrobiologia》1981,76(1-2):11-12
Female Palmacorixa nana showed clear preference for wood oviposition substrates over Elodea and plexiglass in both laboratory and field experiments. Wood was chosen because of its rigidity and rough surface. These data raise the possibility that males could gain access to females by controlling localized resources.Present address: Department 0f Entomology University 0f Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6 G 2E3Present address: Department 0f Entomology University 0f Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6 G 2E3 相似文献
106.
MARCO RIVI GIAN CARLO MANICARDI 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2012,105(2):350-358
Analysis of holocentric mitotic metaphase chromosomes of the peach‐potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) clone 33H revealed different chromosome numbers, ranging from 12 to 17 within each embryo, in contrast to the standard karyotype of this species (2n = 12). Chromosome length measurements revealed that the observed chromosomal mosaicism is the result of recurrent fragmentations of chromosomes X, 1 and 3 because of fragile sites or hot spots of recombination. Fluorescent in situ hybridization experiments showed that X chromosomes were frequently involved in recurrent fragmentations, in particular their telomeric end opposite to the nucleolar organizer region. Experiments to induce males showed that M. persicae clone 33H is obligately parthenogenetic. The reproduction by apomictic parthenogenesis, together with a high telomerase expression that stabilized the chromosomes involved in the fragmentations observed in the M. persicae clone 33H, appears to favour the stabilization of the observed chromosome instability. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 105 , 350–358. 相似文献
107.
Yunzhen Wu Shuyan Cao Jungang Hou Zhuwei Li Bo Zhang Panlong Zhai Yanting Zhang Licheng Sun 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(29)
Converting CO2 to valuable carbonaceous fuels and chemicals via electrochemical CO2 reduction by using renewable energy sources is considered to be a scalable strategy with substantial environmental and economic benefits. One of the challenges in this field is to develop nanocatalysts with superior electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for targeted products. Nonmetal species modification of nanocatalysts is of great significance for the construction of distinctive active sites to overcome the kinetic limitations of CO2 reduction. These types of modification enable the efficient control of the selectivity and significantly decrease the reaction overpotential. Herein, a comprehensive review of the recent progress of nonmetal species modification of nanocatalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction is presented. After discussing some fundamental parameters and the basic principles of CO2 reduction, including possible reaction pathways in light of theoretical modeling and experiments, the identification of active sites and elucidation of reaction mechanisms are emphasized for unraveling the role of nonmetal species modification, such as heteroatom incorporation, organic molecule decoration, electrolyte engineering, and single‐atom engineering. In the final section, future challenges and constructive perspectives are provided, facilitating the accelerated advancement of mechanism research and practical applications of green carbon cycling. 相似文献
108.
《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2020,30(4):126961
10–23 DNAzyme is an artificially selected catalytic DNA molecule. Its great potential as genetic therapeutics promoted chemical modifications for more efficient DNAzymes. Here, 10–23 DNAzyme was modified on its six deoxyadenosine residues (A5, A9, A11, A12, A15 in the catalytic domain and A0 of the recognition arm next to the cleavage site) with compound 1, an adenosine analogue with 2′-O-[N-(aminoethyl)carbamoyl]methyl group. A positive effect of compound 1 at A15 was observed (HJDS-05, kobs = 0.0111 min−1). Compared to the effect of 2′-H and 2′-OMe at A15, this result provided an approach for more efficient DNAzyme by combining 2′-substituted amino group of adenosine with A15 as the lead structure. 相似文献
109.
Emily L. Eberhardt Anthony V. Ludlam Zhenyu Tan Michael A. Cianfrocco 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》2020,29(6):1269-1284
The orchestration of mitochondria within the cell represents a critical aspect of cell biology. At the center of this process is the outer mitochondrial membrane protein, Miro. Miro coordinates diverse cellular processes by regulating connections between organelles and the cytoskeleton that range from mediating contacts between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria to the regulation of both actin and microtubule motor proteins. Recently, a number of cell biological, biochemical, and protein structure studies have helped to characterize the myriad roles played by Miro. In addition to answering questions regarding Miro's function, these studies have opened the door to new avenues in the study of Miro in the cell. This review will focus on summarizing recent findings for Miro's structure, function, and activity while highlighting key questions that remain unanswered. 相似文献
110.