Molecular recognition between 4a<Emphasis Type="Italic">S/R</Emphasis>-galanthamine diastereoisomers and α-cyclodextrin

Molecular recognition between 4aS/R-galanthamine diastereoisomers (1: 4aS-galanthamine; 2: 4aR-galanthamine) and -cyclodextrin (-CD) were studied by use of docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approaches. The binding energy of constructed 2···-CD complexes is ~17 kcal mol^–1 lower than that of 1···-CD, implying a stronger binding ability of 2 with -CD than that of 1. The theoretical modeling result is consistent with our previous CZE result, which demonstrated that -CD is an efficient chiral additive for separating 1 and 2. The modeling result also indicates that both hydrophobic interaction and H-bond force may work as major factors for molecular recognition between the galanthamine diastereoisomers and -CD. Figure Chemical structures of 4aS-galanthamine (left) and 4aR-galanthamine (right)Abbreviations Galanthamine 4aS,6R,8aS-4a,5,9,10,11,12-Hexahydroxy-3-methoxy-11-methyl-6H-benzofuro[3a,3,2-e,f]benzazepin-6-ol     

平头反颚茧蜂属一新种(膜翅目:茧蜂科)(英文)

本文记述了采自湖北省神农架的平头反颚虽蜂属EudinostigmaTobias一新种：长角反颚茧蜂E．longusWuetChen。该新种触角甚长,24节;盾纵沟前瑞明显,具1深的椭园形中陷,腹板侧沟具刻痕,并胸腹节具中纵肯和叉脊,无小室;后足腿节粗状,长为宽的3．6倍;腹柄节长为端宽的1．7倍。新种模式标本保存于福建农业大学益虫室。     

Old-field colonization by Daphne gnidium: seedling distribution and spatial dependence at different scales

Abstract. This paper deals with the spatial distribution pattern of the bird-dispersed plant Daphne gnidium in a 10-yr abandoned field under Mediterranean conditions. Colonization of Mediterranean old-fields by bird-dispersed plants is expected to fit a theoretical model in which (1) seed dispersal follows a negative exponential curve with the distance from the seed source and (2) seedlings are better established under perches (nucleation sensu Yarranton & Morrison 1974). However, post-dispersal processes such as seed predation, seed germination and seedling establishment are also spatial-dependent and can lead to spatial autocorrelation in the seedling distribution within an old-field. Results show that both processes in the model (curve of seed dispersal and nucleation) significantly explained the spatial distribution of the seedlings, but some spatial variance remained unexplained. The semivariogram with the statistical residuals of the model detected spatial dependence at small (< 20 m) and large (> 250 m) distance intervals, indicating that some mechanisms with spatial components, apart from the curve of seed dispersal and nucleation under perches, also determined the distribution of seedlings colonizing fields. At scales below 20-m intervals, semivariance increased indicating that similarity between plots is lost when distance increases between them. This pattern may be explained because the favourable micro-environmental conditions for establishment produced under perches could be extended towards neighbour plots where perches were absent. A flat semi-variogram between 20-m and 250-m intervals shows spatial independence along this range. From 250 m on, the semivariance increased again, indicating spatial dependence at coarse-scale. It is possible that the colonization model failed at this scale because different spatial processes to those included in the model (perch presence and distance to the shrubland) could be controlling seed colonization at coarse-scale.     

Potential replacement vegetation: an approach to vegetation mapping of cultural landscapes

Abstract. The concept of mapping potential replacement vegetation (PRV) is proposed as a parallel to potential natural vegetation (PNV). Potential replacement vegetation (PRV) is an abstract and hypothetical vegetation which is in balance with climatic and soil factors currently affecting a given habitat, with environmental factors influencing the habitat from outside such as air pollution, and with an abstract anthropogenic influence (management) of given type, frequency and intensity. For every habitat, there is a series of possible PRV-types corresponding to the different anthropogenic influences, e.g. grazing, mowing, trampling or growing cereals. The PRV-concept is especially useful in large-scale mapping (scales > 1 : 25 000) of small areas where replacement vegetation is the focus of attention for managers and land-use planners, for example in nature reserves where the aim is conservation of replacement vegetation managed in a traditional way, or in restoration ecology where the concept may be used for defining restoration goals and evaluating the success of restoration efforts. At smaller scales, PRV-mapping may be useful for revealing the biogeographical patterns of larger areas which may be different from the corresponding PNV patterns, because replacement vegetation and natural vegetation may respond to environmental gradients at different scales. An example of medium-scale PRV-mapping through the coincidence of diagnostic species of vegetation types, based on species distribution grid data, is presented. In cultural landscapes, the advantage of using the PRV-concept instead of PNV is its direct relationship to the replacement vegetation. In the habitat mapping with respect to the replacement vegetation, the PRV concept yields more valuable results than the mapping of actual vegetation, as the latter is strongly affected by spatially variable anthropogenic influences which may be largely independent from climatic and soil factors.     

华中五味子ISSR-PCR反应体系优化及引物筛选

系统研究了华中五味子ISSR PCR反应体系中的主要影响因子,确立华中五味子ISSR-PCR最适反应体系,并筛选出12条有效引物。单因子实验结果显示,华中五味子ISSR-PCR反应体系中各主要成分的适宜浓度范围为,Mg²⁺ 1.50~3.50 mmol·L^-1,dNTPs 0.10~0.35 mmol·L^-1,引物0.25~0.60 μmol·L^-1,Taq酶0.50~1.50 U。4因子3水平正交实验确立了最适反应体系,即20 μL体系中包含2.50 mmol·L^-1 Mg²⁺、0.20 mmol·L^-1 dNTPs、0.25 μmol·L^-1引物、1.50 U Taq酶、60 ng DNA模板、2.50 μL 10×PCR Buffer。本研究为华中五味子种质资源的评估及遗传多样性分析奠定基础。     

中国杏属一新种

描述了中国杏属一新种,华仁杏(Armeniaca cathayanaD.L.Fu,B.R.Li et J.H.Li,sp.nov.)。该新种与杏(Armeniaca vulgarisLam.)和山杏(A.sibirica(L.)Lam.)相似,但又有其独特特征,主要区别如下:叶两面疏被短柔毛,边缘具单锯齿和重锯齿,基部全缘;叶柄无腺体;单花或2~3朵花簇生;子房密被白色长柔毛;果核三角状卵球形,腹缝线具5~7条锐纵棱,背缝线具1条浅纵沟;种子大,两侧压扁,种仁质脆,无苦味。该新种由傅大立于2008年7月11日在河北省涿鹿县发现并采集,模式标本存于中国林业科学研究院(CAF),标本号:No.2008071101。     

越香竹——香竹属一新种

报导了从云南省金平县用种子(种子来源于越南莱州省的燕汤)繁殖的幼苗引入四川长宁县栽培的香竹属一新种越香竹(Chimonoca lamus peregrinus Yiet L.S.Ma)。新种与马关香竹(Ch.makuanensis Hsuehet Yi)相近似[1,3～5],但节间幼时微被灰粉,密被紫色小点,在分枝一侧中下部或基部扁平,并具纵脊和沟槽,无毛,刺状气生根较短,长约1～3mm,箨鞘短于节间长度,无不同颜色的纵条纹,箨舌三角形、"山"字形或稀近于截平形,高1～2mm,小枝具叶(4)6～8枚,叶鞘口繸毛2～4枚,长3～4mm,叶片下面淡绿色;也近似角香竹(Ch.bicorniculatusS.F.LietZ.P.Wang)[2,4,5],不同在于节间无毛,在分枝一侧中下部或基部扁平,并具纵脊与沟槽,节上气生根刺离生,箨鞘顶端两侧低于或远低于中部,箨舌高1～2mm,小枝具叶(4)6～8枚,叶片长8.5～13cm,宽6～10mm,次脉3(4)对,笋期在春季和秋季,易于区别。     

石蝴蝶属一新种——黄斑石蝴蝶

描述了苦苣苔科（Gesneriaceae）石蝴蝶属(Petrocosmea Oliv.)一新种——黄斑石蝴蝶(P.xanthomaculata G.Q.Gou et X.Y.Wang)。新种与贵州石蝴蝶（P.cavaleriei Lévl.）相近,但叶多数,20～40枚,叶基心形,花冠白色,在裂片之间具明显黄色斑纹,苞片小,长约1 mm,花柱除上部外密被开展的白色长柔毛而不同。