Production of Active Oxygen Species from Taxus cuspidata Induced by Far-UV Radiation (in English)

In order to understand the role of active oxygen species in mediating plant injuries induced by far-UV radiation, seedlings of Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc. were irradiated by far-UV rays in laboratory for 4 weeks. The production of organic free-radicals in detached needles, and the production of O-·2 and 1O2 in isolated chloroplasts were detected weekly by electron spin resonance (ESR) to evaluate their relative importance. The results show that the cumulative effect of far-UV irradiation, is best indicated by the production of organic free radicals in the needles, O-·2 production in chloroplasts is the next. The enhancement of 1O2 production in chloroplasts by the cumulative far-UV irradiation seems to be not so important as O-·2 in mediating injuries induced by far-UV radiation because of its high background value.     

Maintenance and natural regeneration of Castanopsis sclerophylla populations on islands of Qiandao Lake Region, China

Qiandao Lake was formed in 1959 when the Xin'anjiang Hydroelectric Plant was built. There are 1078 islands with areas larger than 2500 m² and many smaller islands. The population structure of C. sclerophylla was investigated to reveal whether it can sustain on islands so as to provide suggestions for ecological restoration. C. sclerophylla can be found on islands with a water level higher than 105.4 m, whereas the highest water level of Qiandao Lake was 108.2 m. Number of individuals on islands, with a range from 4 to more than 4000, was significantly related to the areas or altitudes of the islands. Population structure indicated that, at genet level, C. sclerophylla on large and most medium-size islands could be self-sustainable, whereas on small and some medium-size islands C. sclerophylla could not be self-sustainable and would decline. However, at the ramet level, almost all the C. sclerophylla populations, no matter on large, medium or small islands, seem to be self-sustainable. Further analysis indicated that re-sprouting contributed to more than 81.6% of the genets and 94.8% of the shoots formed after the creation of the Lake. The results above indicated that although small size of populations exist on some islands, these populations might be sustained via vegetative reproduction, especially re-sprouting, for a long period under the present situation without human disturbance and dramatic environmental changes. Conditions of most islands meet the standards necessary for the survival and growth of C. sclerophylla. Therefore, lack of seed or seedling is the main limitation for the ecological restoration of evergreen broad-leaved forests on islands of Qiandao Lake. However, that no individual was reproduced from sexual reproduction on some medium and small islands indicates that environmental condition might be another limiting factor for restoration.     

广西青钩栲林分类的研究

青钩栲林是广西南亚热带丘陵山地常绿阔叶林最有代表性的一种类型 ,分布比较普遍 ,但因遭受破坏严重 ,大多只在局部地区零星小片地残存 ,保存大多不够完整。从所划分的五个群丛中可以看出它们恢复和发展的趋势 ,为其科学的管理提供基本的资料和依据     

Administering cultured Taxus cells with early precursors reveals bifurcations in the taxoid biosynthetic pathway

Administering Taxus suspension cells with labeled 5alpha-hydroxytaxadiene and 5alpha,10beta-dihydroxytaxadiene, and the corresponding 5alpha-acetate esters, demonstrated that acetylation at C5 of the monool precursor promotes the formation of 14beta-hydroxy taxoids, such as taxuyunnanine C, at the expense of 13alpha-hydroxy taxoids, including Taxol and its congeners, but that the major bifurcation in taxoid biosynthesis, toward 13alpha- or 14beta-hydroxy taxoids, occurs after 10beta-hydroxylation of the taxane core.     

广西栲树林分类的研究

以栲树为主的常绿阔叶林,在广西广泛分布于东部中亚热带地区海拔700 m以下红、黄壤丘陵山地,而且是这个区域最有代表性的地带性群落类型;在南亚热带和北热带山地也有小片分布。本文描述了广西常见的13个群丛,扼要地阐述了它们的地理分布、生境特点和种类组成。所有这些材料可作为其保护和科学管理的基础。     

人为干扰对闽北栲树和木荷种群的影响

对闽北森林群落中的栲树（Ｃａｓｔａｎｏｐｓｉｓｆａｒｇｅｓｉ）和木荷（Ｓｃｈｉｍａｓｕｐｅｒｂａ）种群的数量特征和等级度结构分析表明：栲树和木荷均是闽北阔叶林迹地上的建群种群。中等强度的人为干扰可促进栲树种群发展,缺乏干扰或强烈的人为干扰均产生抑制作用。木荷种群在受自然干扰的森林群落中相对稳定,重要值和高等级度比例增加,而人为干扰使木荷种群减小,低等级度比例增加。人为干扰强度越大,木荷种群越难以发展。     

常绿阔叶树种栲树开花物候动态及花的空间配置

 基于定株观测和随机枝取样法,对浙江天童常绿阔叶林内栲树（Castanopsis fargesii）的开花物候动态及其雌花、雄花的空间配置进行了研究。结果表明：在栲树的生殖枝上,并非所有的芽都分化、萌发生成花序,栲树花芽的分化和发育集中在一级生殖枝上。生殖枝上花芽的分化与该枝的空间位置密切相关。栲树花期明显晚于春季的展叶期,与叶片生长时间重叠。盛花期集中于5月下旬,约持续8 d左右,属于同步发生的花期。栲树雄花序的数量明显高于雌花序,雄花序约占花序总数的77.88%,雌花序仅占22.12%。大量雄花和花粉的存在是保证雌花接受花粉和完成受精的基础。花序在植冠层中的空间配置明显不同：在同一植冠内,向阳面和背阴面生殖枝上芽萌发成花序的比率存在明显差异(p<0.01),阳面生殖枝上顶芽萌发成花序的比率高于阴面生殖枝的比率,并且,阳面的每个生殖枝上平均花序数和雄花数量均高于阴面生殖枝,花序的分化和发育与枝系的生长发育状况有密切关系。     

黑龙江穆棱天然东北红豆杉种群资源特征研究

 根据74条样带、436.872 hm2抽样面积的调查结果,对黑龙江穆棱东北红豆杉(Taxus cuspidata)自然保护区内天然东北红豆杉种群数量、种群分布与生态因子的相互关系进行了研究,结果表明：在保护区34 544 hm2范围内天然东北红豆杉种群数量庞大,个体数高达179 613株。天然东北红豆杉种群的分布对海拔、坡向、坡位和坡度等生态因子具有选择性。700～800 m是种群的最适海拔范围;分布在阴坡的天然种群数量明显高于阳坡;山地的中部和上部更适合东北红豆杉生长;东北红豆杉种群多数分布在坡度15度以下的山地,随着坡度的增加,天然种群的数量明显减少。     

紫杉醇产生菌分离的研究

报道了1993年从东北红豆杉树(Taxuscuspidata Sieb.et